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Contents 1 Study Overview and Conclusions ..................................................................................................... 1 Goals ..................................................................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Approach ............................................................................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Results ................................................................................................................................................................... 1 1.3 2 State of the Practice: How are GA Aircraft Being Modeled? .......................................................... 5 Literature Review .................................................................................................................................................. 5 2.1 INM User Survey .................................................................................................................................................. 8 2.2 Recommendations ............................................................................................................................................... 14 2.3 3 GA Aircraft Types Selected for Evaluation .................................................................................... 16 Introduction ......................................................................................................................................................... 16 3.1 Sources Used for Operations and Noise Data ..................................................................................................... 16 3.2 Determination of Noise Contribution .................................................................................................................. 16 3.3 Selected GA Aircraft ........................................................................................................................................... 17 3.4 4 Detailed Analyses: Overall Description .......................................................................................... 21 Data Base of Measured Jet Aircraft .................................................................................................................... 21 4.1 Computing Discrepancies ................................................................................................................................... 22 4.2 Select Aircraft for Additional Analysis ............................................................................................................... 24 4.3 5 Detailed AnalysisâMeasured versus Modeled Discrepancies .................................................... 25 Departures ........................................................................................................................................................... 25 5.1 Arrivals ............................................................................................................................................................... 28 5.2 Observations ....................................................................................................................................................... 30 5.3 6 Detailed AnalysisâSelect Analysis Aircraft .................................................................................... 31 Effect of Correction on Total Sound Energy ...................................................................................................... 31 6.1 Departures ........................................................................................................................................................... 31 6.2 Arrivals ............................................................................................................................................................... 33 6.3 7 Detailed AnalysisâCauses of Error: Test Examples ..................................................................... 34 Departures ........................................................................................................................................................... 34 7.1 Arrivals ............................................................................................................................................................... 44 7.2 8 Potential Solutions ........................................................................................................................... 51 Derated Thrust; Assumed Temperature Method ................................................................................................. 51 8.1 Methods for Applying Derated Thrust in INM to Provide Realistic Results ...................................................... 51 8.2 Noise Results for Assumed Temperature Method Profiles ................................................................................. 57 8.3 Similarity to Commercial Jet Operation .............................................................................................................. 59 8.4 9 Suggested Implementation Plan ..................................................................................................... 60 ATM Implementation Options ............................................................................................................................ 60 9.1 Implementation Process ...................................................................................................................................... 61 9.2 Implementation Costs ......................................................................................................................................... 66 9.3 i
Appendix A. Literature Review References ........................................................................................ A-1 Appendix B. INM Survey QuestionnaireâU.S. .................................................................................... B-1 Appendix C. Summary of INM Users Surveyed.................................................................................. C-1 Appendix D. Propeller Aircraft Discrepancies ................................................................................... D-1 Appendix E. LJ35 Standard and Best Fit Departure Profiles ............................................................E-1 Appendix F. GLF4 Standard and Best Fit Departure Profiles ........................................................... F-1 Appendix G. EA50 Standard and Best Fit Departure Profiles ........................................................... G-1 Appendix H. GIV STANDARD and ATM1 Procedure Profiles ........................................................... H-1 Appendix I. ATM2 Profile Points Profiles ............................................................................................ I-1 ii
List of Figures Figure 1 Measured and modeled departure SEL values for the evaluated aircraft ..................................... 27 Figure 2 Altitude corrected departure discrepancies for the evaluated aircraft .......................................... 27 Figure 3 Measured and modeled arrival SEL values for the evaluated aircraft .......................................... 29 Figure 4 Altitude corrected arrival discrepancies for the evaluated aircraft ............................................... 29 Figure 5 Effect on total departure fleet sound energy of sequentially correcting each aircraft type, from highest contributor of energy to lowest contributor; the selection criterion is shown ................................ 32 Figure 6 Effect on total arrival sound energy of sequentially correcting each aircraft type, from highest contributor of energy to lowest contributor, and associated selection criterion .......................................... 33 Figure 7 LJ35 measured and modeled departure SEL ................................................................................ 36 Figure 8 LJ35 measured minus modeled departure SEL ............................................................................ 36 Figure 9 LJ35 measured and modeled departure altitude profiles .............................................................. 37 Figure 10 LJ35 departure altitudes: all radar data, INM, best fit, and polynomial fit................................. 38 Figure 11 GLF4 measured and modeled departure SEL ............................................................................. 39 Figure 12 GLF4 measured minus modeled departure SEL ......................................................................... 40 Figure 13 GLF4 measured and modeled departure altitude profiles ........................................................... 40 Figure 14 GLF4 departure altitudes: all radar data, INM, best fit, and polynomial fit ............................... 41 Figure 15 EA50 measured and modeled SEL ............................................................................................. 42 Figure 16 EA50 measured minus modeled departure SEL ......................................................................... 43 Figure 17 EA50 measured and modeled departure altitude profiles ........................................................... 43 Figure 18 EA50 departure altitudes: all radar data, INM, best fit, and polynomial fit ............................... 44 Figure 19 C56X measured and modeled arrival SEL ................................................................................. 45 Figure 20 D56X measured minus modeled arrival SEL ............................................................................. 46 Figure 21 C56X measured and modeled arrival altitude profiles ............................................................... 46 Figure 22 GLF5 measured and modeled arrival SEL ................................................................................. 47 Figure 23 GLF5 measured minus modeled arrival SEL ............................................................................. 48 Figure 24 GLF5 measured and modeled arrival altitude profiles ............................................................... 48 Figure 25 F900 measured and modeled arrival SEL ................................................................................... 49 Figure 26 F900 measured minus modeled arrival SEL ............................................................................... 50 Figure 27 F900 measured and modeled arrival altitude profiles ................................................................. 50 Figure 28 GIV departure altitudes: all radar data, ATM profiles and polynomial fit ................................. 52 Figure 29 Lear35 departure altitudes: all radar data, ATM profiles and polynomial fit ............................. 52 Figure 30 CNA560E departure altitudes: all radar data, ATM2 profile and polynomial fit ....................... 53 Figure 31 LJ35 INM standard profile variables ........................................................................................ E-1 Figure 32 LJ35 best fit profile variables ................................................................................................... E-1 Figure 33 GLF4 INM standard profile variables ...................................................................................... F-1 Figure 34 GLF4 best fit profile variables .................................................................................................. F-1 Figure 35 EA50 INM standard profile variables....................................................................................... G-1 Figure 36 EA50 best fit profile variables .................................................................................................. G-1 List of Tables Table 1 List of GA jet aircraft for evaluation ............................................................................................. 18 Table 2 List of GA propeller aircraft for evaluation ................................................................................... 19 Table 3 Airports providing flight tracking and noise monitoring data ....................................................... 21 Table 4 Aircraft types evaluated and numbers of useful associated flight track / SEL data points ............ 22 Table 5 Departure discrepancies computed for all aircraft types ................................................................ 26 Table 6 Arrival discrepancies computed for all aircraft types .................................................................... 28 iii