Model Education Curricula and Toolkit for the Transportation of Hazardous Materials (2013)

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APPENDIX F HAZMAT TRANSPORTATION GLOSSARY OF TERMS AND ACRONYMS AA – anhydrous ammonia AAR – Association of American Railroads. An industry trade association that includes Amtrak, the major Class I railroads of the United States, Canada and Mexico, and smaller non-Class I and commuter railroads. Accident – Used to describe events that happen unintentionally. Vehicular crash is a term often considered synonymous with accident. AHMP – Alliance of Hazardous Materials Professionals. An association devoted to the professional advancement of individuals in the hazardous materials management field. Barrel (BBL) – Unit of volume for some hazardous materials liquids, equal to 42 U.S. gallons at 60 degrees Fahrenheit. Blue water – The deep waters of open oceans, often considered a subdivision of the marine transport mode. Boiling point – The temperature at which a liquid changes to a vapor state at a given pressure. The boiling point is usually expressed in degrees Fahrenheit at sea level pressure (760 mm Hg, or one atmosphere). Broker – An entity who, for compensation, arranges for transportation of cargo belonging to others. Brown water – Rivers and other navigable bodies that make up the inland waterway system, often considered a subdivision of the marine transport mode. BTS – Bureau of Transportation Statistics. An organization, presently housed within the USDOT Research and Innovative Technology Administration, created as a federal entity to administer data collection, analysis, and reporting of transportation activity. Bulk packaging – Packaging, other than a vessel, or a barge, including a transport vehicle or freight container, in which hazardous materials are loaded with no intermediate form of containment and which has a maximum capacity greater than 450 liters (119 gallons) as a receptacle for a liquid; a maximum net mass greater than 400 kilograms (882 pounds) or a maximum capacity greater than 450 liters (119 gallons) as a receptacle for a solid; or a water capacity greater than 454 kilograms (1,000 pounds) as a receptacle for a gas as defined in Sec. 173.115 of 49 CFR. 99

Cargo – Product, including its packaging. Cargo tank – A bulk packaging which: 1) is a tank intended primarily for the carriage of liquids or gases and includes appurtenances, reinforcements, fittings, and closures; 2) is permanently attached to or forms a part of a motor vehicle, or is not permanently attached to a motor vehicle but which, by reason of its size, construction or attachment to a motor vehicle is loaded or unloaded without being removed from the motor vehicle; and 3) is not fabricated under a specification for cylinders, portable tanks, tank cars, or multi-unit tank car tanks. Carrier – An entity engaged in the transportation of passengers or property by land or water as a common, contract, or private carrier, or civil aircraft. CHEMNET® – A network of for-hire contractors (primarily in the U.S.) for CHEMTREC® registrants who may need the services of an emergency response contractor at the scene of an incident involving their product. CHEMTREC® – Chemical Transportation Emergency Center. A national center established to relay pertinent emergency information concerning specific chemicals on requests from individuals and response agencies. CHEMTREC has a 24 hour toll free telephone number (800- 424-9300) to help agencies who respond to chemical transportation emergencies. Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) – A compilation of the general and permanent rules of the executive departments and agencies of the federal government as published in the Federal Register. The code is divided into 50 titles that represent broad areas subject to federal regulation. COFC – Container-on-flatcar, an arrangement that allows a container to be transported on a railroad flat-car. COHMED – Cooperative Hazardous Materials Enforcement Development. An outreach activity of the Commercial Vehicle Safety Alliance to foster coordination, cooperation and communication between federal, state and local agencies having regulatory and enforcement responsibility for the safe transportation of hazardous materials and the hazmat industry. Commercial driver’s license (CDL) – A license issued by a State or other jurisdiction, in accordance with the standards contained in 49 CFR 383, to an individual which authorizes the individual to operate a class of a commercial motor vehicle. Commercial Vehicle Safety Alliance (CVSA) – A non-profit organization of local, state, provincial, territorial and federal motor carrier safety officials and industry representatives from the United States, Canada and Mexico. CVSA’s mission is to promote commercial motor vehicle safety and security by providing leadership to enforcement, industry and policy makers. Commodity flow – The amount of cargo being transported between two points. Consignee – A person or company to whom commodities are shipped. 100

Consignor – A person or company shown on the bill of lading as the shipper. Consist – A group of railcars or barges and other fleet equipment that form a single shipment. Corrosive substance – A material that causes visible destruction of or irreversible alterations by chemical action at the site of contact. Dangerous goods – International term for hazardous materials. DHS – U.S. Department of Homeland Security DOD – U.S. Department of Defense DOE – U.S. Department of Energy Dose – The amount of a given material or chemical that enters the body of an exposed organism in a specific period of time. The time can be as short as a few seconds (e.g., injection) or as long as a lifetime (e.g., chronic exposure). DOT – U.S. Department of Transportation EMA – Emergency management agency EMS – Emergency medical services Emergency Response Guidebook (ERG) – Reference that provides first responders with information to help deal with hazmat accidents during the critical first 30 minutes. EOC – Emergency operations center. EPA – U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. EPCRA – Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act. EPCRA was created to help communities plan for emergencies involving hazardous substances, by establishing requirements for federal, state and local governments, Indian tribes, and industry regarding reporting on hazardous and toxic chemicals. ESCM – Electronic supply chain manifest. Its intent is to create a secure cargo manifest that allows for automated data transfer across transportation modes and political jurisdictions. Event tree – A graphical representation of the logic used to identify and quantify the possible outcomes following an initiating event. Exemption – Specific DOT-written relief from certain a hazmat regulation, for shippers, carriers or manufacturers 101

Extremely hazardous substance – A chemical determined by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency to be extremely hazardous to a community during an emergency spill or release due to its material toxicity and physical/ chemical properties. FAA – Federal Aviation Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation Fault tree – A technique by which factors and conditions that might contribute to a specified event are identified, organized and quantified, represented in a graphical manner. FEMA – Federal Emergency Management Agency, U.S. Department of Homeland Security FHWA – Federal Highway Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation Flash point – The minimum temperature at which a liquid gives off a vapor in sufficient concentration to ignite. FMCSA – Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation FMCSR – Federal Motor Carrier Safety Regulations FRA – Federal Railroad Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation Freight Analysis Framework (FAF) – A system that integrates data from a variety of sources to create a comprehensive picture of freight movement among states and major metropolitan areas by all modes of transportation. Freight container – A reusable box having a volume of 64 cubic feet or more, designed and constructed to permit being lifted with its contents intact and intended primarily for containment of packages (in unit form) during transportation. Fuel tank – A tank, other than a cargo tank, used to transport flammable or combustible liquid or compressed gas for the purpose of supplying fuel for propulsion of the transport vehicle to which it is attached, or for the operation of other equipment on the transport vehicle. GHG – Greenhouse gas, defined as a gas in the atmosphere that absorbs or emits radiation within the thermal infrared range. GIS – Geographic information system, a set of technologies designed to capture, store, manipulate, analyze, manage and present different types of geographical data in a compatible spatial format. Global Harmonized System (GHS) of Classification and Labeling of Chemicals – an international system, developed by the United Nations, designed to replace various classification and labeling standards used in different countries such that consistent criteria for classification and labeling can be accomplished on a global level. 102

GPS – Global positioning system, a system of satellites, computers and receivers that is able to determine the latitude and longitude of a receiver on Earth. Green water – Intracoastal waters, often considered a subdivision of the marine transport mode. Gross weight – The weight of a packaging plus its contents. Hazard – The inherent characteristic of a material, condition or activity that has the potential to cause harm to people, property or the environment. Hazard class – A group of hazardous materials that share similar dangerous characteristics. The category of hazard is assigned to a hazardous material under the definitional criteria of Part 173 and the provisions of the Sec. 172.101 Table. A material may meet the defining criteria for more than one hazard class, but is assigned to only one of them. Hazard communication standard – A regulation, contained in 29 CFR 1910.1200 and administered by the Occupational Safety & Health Administration, requiring an organization that produces/uses hazardous materials to provide its employees with information and training on the proper handling and use of these materials. Hazard division – A means of sub-dividing similar hazardous materials which require different hazard communications. Hazardous material – According to DOT regulations, a substance or material that the Secretary of Transportation has determined is capable of posing an unreasonable risk to health, safety, and property when transported in commerce. This includes hazardous substances, hazardous wastes, marine pollutants, elevated temperature materials, materials designated as hazardous in the Hazardous Materials Table, and any other materials that meet the defining criteria for hazard classes and divisions as described in the Code of Federal Regulations. Hazardous materials permit – a safety permit issued to carriers that is required when transporting certain types and various amounts of hazardous materials. Hazardous materials regulations (HMR) – Issued by the Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration and govern the transportation of hazardous materials by highway, rail, vessel and air. The HMR address hazardous materials classification, packaging, hazard communication, emergency response information and training. Hazardous Materials Table (HMT) – Issued by the Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration, the HMT provides key information that governs the transportation of hazardous materials by various modes. For each material listed in the table, it identifies the corresponding hazard class, proper shipping name, and requirements pertaining to labeling, packaging, quantity limits aboard aircraft, and stowage of hazardous materials aboard vessels. Hazardous substance – A material listed in Appendix A to § 172.101 and the quantity in one package equals or exceeds the reportable quantity (RQ). 103

Hazardous waste – Any material that is subject to the Hazardous Waste Manifest Requirements of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency specified in 40 CFR Part 262. Hazardous waste manifest – A shipping document required by the USDOT and the EPA for hazardous waste shipments; also referred to as the Uniform Hazardous Waste Manifest (UHWM). If all USDOT requirements are entered on the UHWM, the manifest may also be used as a shipping paper. Hazmat – Hazardous material. Hazmat employee – An employee who has a direct responsibility for the safe transport of a hazardous material. This includes anyone who operates a vehicle used to transport hazardous materials; individuals who load, unload or handle hazmat; those who test, recondition, repair, modify, mark, or otherwise represent packaging as qualified for use in the transportation of hazmat; or anyone who prepares hazmat for transportation. Hazmat employer – A person whose employees transport hazardous materials in commerce; cause hazmat to be transported or shipped in commerce; or represent, mark, certify, sell, offer, recondition, test, repair, or modify packaging as qualified for use in the transportation of hazmat. It also includes any department, agency, or instrumentality of the United States, a state, a political subdivision of a state, or an Indian tribe engaged in offering or transporting hazmat in commerce. Heat map – A two-dimensional graphical representation of risk using event likelihood on one axis and consequence (should the event occur) on the other axis. IAFC – International Association of Fire Chiefs. A trade association representing firefighters and emergency responders worldwide. ICAO – International Civil Aviation Organization. An agency of the United Nations, created to promote the safe and orderly development of international civil aviation through development of standards and regulations. ICS – Incident Command System. A national, scalable system for organizing and managing on- scene emergency response operations. IMDG – International Maritime Dangerous Goods code. A code administered by the International Maritime Organization, a United Nations specialized agency with responsibility for the safety and security of shipping and the prevention of marine pollution by ships. Incidents – Onerous events associated with a hazardous materials shipment, whether in transit or during loading, unloading or in storage, some of which may result in a release. Infrastructure – All relevant elements of the environment in which a transportation system operates. 104

Institute of Hazardous Materials Management (IHMM) – a non-profit organization that offers the accredited Certified Hazardous Materials Manager (CHMM) credential and administers a Certified Hazardous Materials Practitioner (CHMP) credential and a Hazardous Materials Manager-in-Training (HMMT) program. Intermediate bulk container (IBC) – A rigid or flexible portable packaging, other than a cylinder or portable tank, which is designed for mechanical handling. Intermodal – Movements of cargo interchangeably between transport modes. Interstate commerce – A shipment whose trip origin and destination are located in different states. Intrastate commerce – A shipment whose trip origin and destination are located in the same state, and is completed without crossing state lines. ISO – International Standards Organization. An entity that develops voluntary international standards for products, services and good practice, to help facilitate international trade. Label – Hazard class identifier required on hazardous materials packaging. Less-than-truckload (LTL) – A quantity of freight less than that required for the application of a truckload rate. Usually less than 10,000 pounds and generally involves the use of terminal facilities to break and consolidate shipments. Key route – A designation by the Association of American Railroads (AAR) corresponding to routes that carry a certain annual load threshold of specified hazardous materials. Key train – A train that carries a specified number of car loads of certain hazardous materials. LEPC – Local emergency planning committee, established in response to the Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act (EPCRA). Limited quantity – The maximum amount of a hazardous material for which there may be specific labeling or packaging exception. Logistics – Management and operation of resources utilized to obtain, store and move cargo to the locations where they are required. MARAD – Maritime Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation. Marine pollutant – Hazardous material which is listed in Appendix B to Section 172.101 of 49 CFR and, when in a solution or mixture of one or more marine pollutants, is packaged in a concentration which equals or exceeds: 1) 10% by weight of the solution or mixture, or 2) 1% by weight of the solution or mixture for materials that are identified as severe marine pollutants. 105

Marking – Information required to be placed on the outside of the shipping container, which may include proper shipping name, identification number; UN standard packaging marks, and instructions/caution. Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) – The written information on a specific chemical compound that expresses such items as physical hazards, signs and symptoms of exposure, toxicology information and other pertinent data. Will be referred to as “Safety Data Sheets” under OSHA’s revisions to the Hazard Communication Standard (HCS) to conform with the United Nations’ Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labeling of Chemicals (GHS). Mixture – A material composed of more than one chemical compound or element. Mitigation – Activities taken to avoid or reduce the severity or consequences of an emergency. Mutual aid – An agreement among state and/or local governments to lend assistance across jurisdictional boundaries. National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) – An international non-profit organization that develops, publishes and disseminates consensus codes and standards intended to minimize the possibility and effects of fire and other risks. National Highway System – A transportation network comprising Interstate highways as well as other roads important to the nation’s economy, defense and mobility. National Incident Management System (NIMS) – provides the national template for the management of incidents. National Response Center (NRC) – The sole federal point of contact for reporting significant oil or chemical spill, or other environment-related accident that has occurred. National Response Framework (NRF) – Provides structure and mechanisms for national-level policy for incident management. NGO – Non-governmental organization NLRB – U.S. National Labor Relations Board Non-bulk packaging – A packaging, which has a maximum capacity of 450 L (119 gallons) as a receptacle for a liquid, a maximum net mass less than 400 kg (882 pounds) and a maximum capacity of 450 L (119 gallons) or less as a receptacle for a solid, or a water capacity greater than 454 kg (1,000 pounds) or less as a receptacle for a gas as defined in Section 173.115 of 49CFR. N.O.S. – Not otherwise specified Not in my backyard (NIMBY) – An expression representing opposition by residents to exposure to a threat that they feel is too close in proximity to their community. 106

NPRM – Notice of proposed rulemaking NRHM – Non-radioactive hazardous materials. NTMIC – National Traffic Incident Management Coalition, an alliance of national organizations representing the public safety, transportation, and towing and recovery communities. NTSB – U.S. National Transportation Safety Board. OSHA – U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration Other regulated materials (ORM) – A class of materials used by the Department of Transportation which does not meet the definition of a hazardous material but poses some risk when transported in commerce. Packing group – A grouping according to the degree of danger presented by hazardous materials. Packing Group I indicates great danger; Packing Group II, medium danger; Packing Group III, minor danger. PHMSA – Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation PIH – poison inhalation hazard Placard – 10-3/4 inch square diamond marker required on transport vehicles, such as trucks, rail cars, or freight containers 640 cubic feet or larger. PPE (Personal Protective Equipment) – The correct protective worker clothing and respiratory equipment needed to perform a job involving hazardous materials. PPE includes proper boots, gloves, splash protective clothing, gas protective clothing, suits, eye protection, hearing protection, air purifying respirators and air supplying respirators. Portable tank – Bulk packaging (except a cylinder having a water capacity of 1,000 pounds or less) designed primarily to be loaded onto, or on, or temporarily attached to a transport vehicle or ship and equipped with skids, mountings, or accessories to facilitate handling of the tank by mechanical means. It does not include a cargo tank, tank car, multi-unit tank car tank, or trailer carrying 3AX, 3AAX, or 3T cylinders. Preemption – The authority of the federal government to override a requirement imposed by a state, political subdivision of a state or Indian tribe. Preparedness – Activities, tasks, programs and systems developed and implemented prior to an emergency to support prevention, mitigation, response and recovery. RAM – Radioactive material. Receiver – The recipient of the hazardous materials shipment. 107

Recovery – Activities and programs designed to return conditions to a level that is acceptable to the entity. Reportable quantity (RQ) – The quantity specified in Column 2 of the Appendix to 49 CFR Sec. 172.101 for any material identified in Column 1 of the Appendix. Response – Immediate and ongoing activities, tasks, programs and systems to manage the effects of an incident that threatens life, property, operations or the environment. Responsible Care® – A global, voluntary initiative developed by the chemical industry in which member companies agree to improve their performance in the fields of environmental protection, occupational safety and health protection, plant safety, product stewardship and logistics, as well as to continuously improve relations with the communities in which they operate. Responsible Distribution – A set of safety management guiding principles established by the National Association of Chemical Distributors (NACD) to which all NACD members are committed. Risk – The combination of the likelihood and the consequence of a specified hazard being realized. It is a measure of harm or loss associated with an activity. Risk analysis – The study of risk in order to understand and quantify risk so it can be managed. Risk assessment – The systematic approach to organizing and analyzing scientific knowledge and information about potentially hazardous activities Risk control point – A place or step within a given process where actions can be taken to reduce risk. Risk management – The systematic application of policies, practices and resources to assess and control risks affecting human health and safety and the environment. RITA – Research and Innovative Technology Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation RMSEF – Risk Management Self-Evaluation Framework, developed by the U.S. Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration (PHMSA) as an approach for assessing and managing risk as part of the hazardous materials transportation process. Route – A designated path through a transportation network that connect the shipment origin with the shipment destination. Safe haven – An approved place for parking unattended vehicles carrying hazardous materials, the location of which is often designated by local authorities. 108

SERC – State emergency response commission, established as part EPA legislation, as an entity within each state whose mission is to improve emergency planning, preparedness, mitigation, response and recovery, with special emphasis associated with hazardous chemicals. Shipper – An entity whose cargo is transported from their premises by a carrier to a specified destination. Shipping paper – A shipping order, bill of lading, manifest, waybill or other shipping document serving a similar purpose and containing the information required by Sec. 172.202, 172.203 and 172.204 of 49 CFR. Shipper’s certification – A statement on a shipping paper, signed by the shipper, saying he/she prepared the shipment properly according to law. Short ton – U.S. ton, equivalent to 2,000 pounds. SNF – spent nuclear fuel Special nuclear material – defined by Title I of the Atomic Energy Act of 1954 as plutonium, uranium-233, or uranium enriched in the isotopes uranium-233 or uranium-235, or any other material that the Commission determines to be special nuclear material (none to date). STB – U.S. Surface Transportation Board, administratively affiliated with the U.S. Department of Transportation Supply chain – the resources and activities involved in moving a product from a supplier to a customer. Terminal – a fixed facility where freight is processed, often involving loading the shipment onto or off of a transport vehicle. TIH – toxic inhalation hazard TOFC – Trailer-on-flatcar, an arrangement that allows a truck trailer to be transported on a railroad flat-car. Ton-mile – Unit of freight transportation equivalent to a ton of freight moved one mile. Track class – A designation given to a segment of railroad track by the U.S. Federal Railroad Administration that establishes a maximum allowable speed of trains that operate over that segment. TRANSCAER – Transportation Community Awareness and Emergency Response) ®. Voluntary national outreach effort that focuses on assisting communities to prepare for and to respond to a possible hazardous materials transportation incident, focusing on rail. 109

Transportation – The movement of property and loading, unloading, or storage incidental to the movement. Transportation functions are defined at 49 CFR 171.1(c). Transport vehicle – A cargo-carrying vehicle such as an automobile, van, tractor, truck, semi- trailer, tank car, or rail car used for the transportation of cargo by any mode. Each cargo-carrying body (trailer, rail car, etc.) is a separate transport vehicle. TSA – Transportation Security Administration, U.S. Department of Homeland Security TWIC – Transportation Worker Identification Credential. A tamper-resistant biometric credential issued to transportation workers requiring unescorted access to secure facilities and vessels. Unified command – The system of command used in the ICS where multiple agencies or jurisdictions will assign a person to share key responsibilities within the ICS, including that of incident commander. Uniform Hazardous Waste Manifest – A standard shipping document required by the EPA for hazardous waste shipments. UN number – A four-digit number that identifies a specific hazardous material in the framework of international transport. UN standard packaging – A packaging specification conforming to the standards in the UN recommendations. USACE – U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. An agency of the U.S. Department of Defense with responsibilities for the nation’s waterways, including building and operating locks and dams, dredging for navigation, flood control, and environmental regulation and enhancement. Sometimes referred to as USACOE, COE, or “the Corps.” USCG – U.S. Coast Guard, U.S. Department of Homeland Security. Warehousing – A procedure by which an entity stores an inventory of goods prior to its delivery. Water reactive – Any solid substance that, by interaction with water, is likely to become spontaneously flammable or to give off flammable or toxic gases in dangerous quantities. Waybill – The shipping paper used by the railroads indicating origin, destination, route and product. 110