National Academies Press: OpenBook

Freight Data Sharing Guidebook (2013)

Chapter: Front Matter

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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2013. Freight Data Sharing Guidebook. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/22569.
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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2013. Freight Data Sharing Guidebook. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/22569.
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N A T I O N A L C O O P E R A T I V E F R E I G H T R E S E A R C H P R O G R A M NCFRP REPORT 25 Subscriber Categories Data and Information Technology • Freight Transportation • Planning and Forecasting Freight Data Sharing Guidebook Cambridge SyStematiCS, inC. Oakland, CA north river ConSulting group Marshfield, MA univerSity of WaShington Seattle, WA TRANSPORTAT ION RESEARCH BOARD WASHINGTON, D.C. 2013 www.TRB.org Research sponsored by the Research and Innovative Technology Administration

NATIONAL COOPERATIVE FREIGHT RESEARCH PROGRAM America’s freight transportation system makes critical contributions to the nation’s economy, security, and quality of life. The freight transportation system in the United States is a complex, decentralized, and dynamic network of private and public entities, involving all modes of transportation—trucking, rail, waterways, air, and pipelines. In recent years, the demand for freight transportation service has been increasing fueled by growth in international trade; however, bottlenecks or congestion points in the system are exposing the inadequacies of current infrastructure and operations to meet the growing demand for freight. Strategic operational and investment decisions by governments at all levels will be necessary to maintain freight system performance, and will in turn require sound technical guidance based on research. The National Cooperative Freight Research Program (NCFRP) is a cooperative research program sponsored by the Research and Innovative Technology Administration (RITA) under Grant No. DTOS59-06-G-00039 and administered by the Transportation Research Board (TRB). The program was authorized in 2005 with the passage of the Safe, Accountable, Flexible, Efficient Transportation Equity Act: A Legacy for Users (SAFETEA-LU). On September 6, 2006, a contract to begin work was executed between RITA and The National Academies. The NCFRP will carry out applied research on problems facing the freight industry that are not being adequately addressed by existing research programs. Program guidance is provided by an Oversight Committee comprised of a representative cross section of freight stakeholders appointed by the National Research Council of The National Academies. The NCFRP Oversight Committee meets annually to formulate the research program by identifying the highest priority projects and defining funding levels and expected products. Research problem statements recommending research needs for consideration by the Oversight Committee are solicited annually, but may be submitted to TRB at any time. Each selected project is assigned to a panel, appointed by TRB, which provides technical guidance and counsel throughout the life of the project. Heavy emphasis is placed on including members representing the intended users of the research products. The NCFRP will produce a series of research reports and other products such as guidebooks for practitioners. Primary emphasis will be placed on disseminating NCFRP results to the intended end-users of the research: freight shippers and carriers, service providers, suppliers, and public officials. Published reports of the NATIONAL COOPERATIVE FREIGHT RESEARCH PROGRAM are available from: Transportation Research Board Business Office 500 Fifth Street, NW Washington, DC 20001 and can be ordered through the Internet at: http://www.national-academies.org/trb/bookstore Printed in the United States of America NCFRP REPORT 25 Project NCFRP-31 ISSN 1947-5659 ISBN 978-0-309-25910-1 Library of Congress Control Number 2013938239 © 2013 National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. COPYRIGHT INFORMATION Authors herein are responsible for the authenticity of their materials and for obtaining written permissions from publishers or persons who own the copyright to any previously published or copyrighted material used herein. Cooperative Research Programs (CRP) grants permission to reproduce material in this publication for classroom and not-for-profit purposes. Permission is given with the understanding that none of the material will be used to imply TRB, AASHTO, FAA, FHWA, FMCSA, FTA, RITA, or PHMSA endorsement of a particular product, method, or practice. It is expected that those reproducing the material in this document for educational and not- for-profit uses will give appropriate acknowledgment of the source of any reprinted or reproduced material. For other uses of the material, request permission from CRP. NOTICE The project that is the subject of this report was a part of the National Cooperative Freight Research Program, conducted by the Transportation Research Board with the approval of the Governing Board of the National Research Council. The members of the technical panel selected to monitor this project and to review this report were chosen for their special competencies and with regard for appropriate balance. The report was reviewed by the technical panel and accepted for publication according to procedures established and overseen by the Transportation Research Board and approved by the Governing Board of the National Research Council. The opinions and conclusions expressed or implied in this report are those of the researchers who performed the research and are not necessarily those of the Transportation Research Board, the National Research Council, or the program sponsors. The Transportation Research Board of the National Academies, the National Research Council, and the sponsors of the National Cooperative Freight Research Program do not endorse products or manufacturers. Trade or manufacturers’ names appear herein solely because they are considered essential to the object of the report.

The National Academy of Sciences is a private, nonprofit, self-perpetuating society of distinguished scholars engaged in scientific and engineering research, dedicated to the furtherance of science and technology and to their use for the general welfare. On the authority of the charter granted to it by the Congress in 1863, the Academy has a mandate that requires it to advise the federal government on scientific and technical matters. Dr. Ralph J. Cicerone is president of the National Academy of Sciences. The National Academy of Engineering was established in 1964, under the charter of the National Academy of Sciences, as a parallel organization of outstanding engineers. It is autonomous in its administration and in the selection of its members, sharing with the National Academy of Sciences the responsibility for advising the federal government. The National Academy of Engineering also sponsors engineering programs aimed at meeting national needs, encourages education and research, and recognizes the superior achievements of engineers. Dr. Charles M. Vest is president of the National Academy of Engineering. The Institute of Medicine was established in 1970 by the National Academy of Sciences to secure the services of eminent members of appropriate professions in the examination of policy matters pertaining to the health of the public. The Institute acts under the responsibility given to the National Academy of Sciences by its congressional charter to be an adviser to the federal government and, on its own initiative, to identify issues of medical care, research, and education. Dr. Harvey V. Fineberg is president of the Institute of Medicine. The National Research Council was organized by the National Academy of Sciences in 1916 to associate the broad community of science and technology with the Academy’s purposes of furthering knowledge and advising the federal government. Functioning in accordance with general policies determined by the Academy, the Council has become the principal operating agency of both the National Academy of Sciences and the National Academy of Engineering in providing services to the government, the public, and the scientific and engineering communities. The Council is administered jointly by both Academies and the Institute of Medicine. Dr. Ralph J. Cicerone and Dr. Charles M. Vest are chair and vice chair, respectively, of the National Research Council. The Transportation Research Board is one of six major divisions of the National Research Council. The mission of the Transporta- tion Research Board is to provide leadership in transportation innovation and progress through research and information exchange, conducted within a setting that is objective, interdisciplinary, and multimodal. The Board’s varied activities annually engage about 7,000 engineers, scientists, and other transportation researchers and practitioners from the public and private sectors and academia, all of whom contribute their expertise in the public interest. The program is supported by state transportation departments, federal agencies including the component administrations of the U.S. Department of Transportation, and other organizations and individu- als interested in the development of transportation. www.TRB.org www.national-academies.org

C O O P E R A T I V E R E S E A R C H P R O G R A M S CRP STAFF FOR NCFRP REPORT 25 Christopher W. Jenks, Director, Cooperative Research Programs Crawford F. Jencks, Deputy Director, Cooperative Research Programs Joseph D. Navarrete, Senior Program Officer Terri Baker, Senior Program Assistant Eileen P. Delaney, Director of Publications Margaret B. Hagood, Editor NCFRP PROJECT 31 PANEL Monica M.H. Blaney, Transport Canada, Ottawa, ON (Chair) Mark J. Carr, Channel Design Group, Edwardsville, IL Ezra Finkin, Diesel Technology Forum, Frederick, MD Rakesh Shalia, FedEx Services, Memphis, TN Qian Wang, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY Richard Y. Woo, Maryland State Highway Administration, Baltimore, MD Crystal Jones, FHWA Liaison Thomas Palmerlee, TRB Liaison

NCFRP Report 25: Freight Data Sharing Guidebook provides a series of guidelines for sharing freight data, primarily between public and private freight stakeholders. The guide- book identifies barriers and motivators to successful data sharing, offers guidelines for freight data sharing, and provides two successful case study examples. The guidebook also provides example data sharing agreements. Public sector freight planners depend on freight data to help identify freight transpor- tation planning needs. Traditionally, their efforts relied on limited data sources such as vehicle counts, in/out gate information from ports, and weigh-in-motion data. The 21st Century brought a significant increase in the amount of freight data produced through the introduction of new logistics technologies and sensors and from the increased integra- tion of supply chains. This robust data would significantly improve freight transportation planning efforts, but because of private sector proprietary concerns, much of this detailed freight data has not been made available to the public sector. This research, led by Cambridge Systematics under NCFRP Project 31, began with a review of past and current practice relative to data sharing, including a detailed examina- tion of selected data sharing efforts both inside and outside the United States. The research process also included a workshop that brought together private industry, the public sector, and academic researchers to review and confirm barriers and motivators and identify best practices to overcome these barriers. Based upon this research, the team developed the guidebook. The guidebook is organized into four chapters, with the first chapter providing an intro- duction and overview. Chapter 2 describes the legal, resource, competition, institutional, and coordination barriers that discourage data sharing and presents motivators for over- coming these barriers. Chapter 3 provides guidelines for sharing freight data and addresses nonrestricted data, privacy concerns, data scrubbing, restricting access, facilitating stake- holder engagement, communicating the benefits of data sharing, and funding data shar- ing. Chapter 4 provides two case study examples where the guidelines were successfully applied. The guidebook also features helpful appendices that include sample nondisclo- sure agreements. F O R E W O R D By Joseph D. Navarrete Staff Officer Transportation Research Board

Note: Many of the photographs, figures, and tables in this report have been converted from color to grayscale for printing. The electronic version of the report (posted on the Web at www.trb.org) retains the color versions. 1 Summary 2 Chapter 1 Introduction 2 1.1 Research Need 3 1.2 Research Objectives 4 1.3 The Data Sharing Guidebook 6 Chapter 2 Barriers and Motivators for Freight Data Sharing 6 2.1 Barriers and Challenges to Freight Data Sharing 6 2.2 Motivators for Freight Data Sharing 13 Chapter 3 Freight Data Sharing Guidelines 13 3.1 Guidelines Related to Nonrestricted Data 18 3.2 Guidelines to Address Privacy Concerns 27 3.3 Guidelines for Scrubbing or Restricting Access to Freight Data 30 3.4 Guidelines for Stakeholder Engagement 34 3.5 Guidelines for Articulating Benefits of Sharing 43 3.6 Guidelines for Funding for Data Sharing and Projects 48 Chapter 4 Application of the Freight Data Sharing Guidelines 48 4.1 Washington State Freight Performance Measure Project 49 4.2 Cross-Town Improvement Project (C-TIP) A-1 Appendix A NCFRP 31 Freight Data Sharing Projects B-1 Appendix B Mutual Nondisclosure Agreement C-1 Appendix C Nondisclosure Agreement C O N T E N T S

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TRB’s National Cooperative Freight Research Program (NCFRP) Report 25: Freight Data Sharing Guidebook provides a series of guidelines for sharing freight data, primarily between public and private freight stakeholders.

The report identifies barriers and motivators to successful data sharing, offers guidelines for freight data sharing, and provides two successful case study examples.

The report also provides examples of data sharing agreements.

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