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A I R P O R T C O O P E R A T I V E R E S E A R C H P R O G R A M ACRP REPORT 79 TRANSPORTAT ION RESEARCH BOARD WASHINGTON, D.C. 2012 www.TRB.org Research sponsored by the Federal Aviation Administration Subscriber Categories Aviationâ â¢â Designâ â¢â OperationsâandâTraffic Evaluating Airfield Capacity LeighFisher Burlingame, CA i n a s s o c i a t i o n w i t h Landrum & Brown Cincinnati, OH Cdm smith Cambridge, MA george mason university Fairfax, VA university oF CaLiFornia, BerkeLey Berkeley, CA a n d Presentation & design, inC. Algonquin, IL
AIRPORT COOPERATIVE RESEARCH PROGRAM Airports are vital national resources. They serve a key role in trans portation of people and goods and in regional, national, and inter national commerce. They are where the nationâs aviation system connects with other modes of transportation and where federal respon sibility for managing and regulating air traffic operations intersects with the role of state and local governments that own and operate most airports. Research is necessary to solve common operating problems, to adapt appropriate new technologies from other industries, and to introduce innovations into the airport industry. The Airport Coopera tive Research Program (ACRP) serves as one of the principal means by which the airport industry can develop innovative nearÂterm solutions to meet demands placed on it. The need for ACRP was identified in TRB Special Report 272: Airport Research Needs: Cooperative Solutions in 2003, based on a study spon sored by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA). The ACRP carries out applied research on problems that are shared by airport operating agencies and are not being adequately addressed by existing federal research programs. It is modeled after the successful National Coopera tive Highway Research Program and Transit Cooperative Research Pro gram. The ACRP undertakes research and other technical activities in a variety of airport subject areas, including design, construction, mainte nance, operations, safety, security, policy, planning, human resources, and administration. The ACRP provides a forum where airport opera tors can cooperatively address common operational problems. The ACRP was authorized in December 2003 as part of the Vision 100ÂCentury of Aviation Reauthorization Act. The primary participants in the ACRP are (1) an independent governing board, the ACRP Oversight Committee (AOC), appointed by the Secretary of the U.S. Department of Transportation with representation from airport operating agencies, other stakeholders, and relevant industry organizations such as the Airports Council InternationalÂNorth America (ACIÂNA), the American Associa tion of Airport Executives (AAAE), the National Association of State Aviation Officials (NASAO), Airlines for America (A4A), and the Airport Consultants Council (ACC) as vital links to the airport community; (2) the TRB as program manager and secretariat for the governing board; and (3) the FAA as program sponsor. In October 2005, the FAA executed a contract with the National Academies formally initiating the program. The ACRP benefits from the cooperation and participation of airport professionals, air carriers, shippers, state and local government officials, equipment and service suppliers, other airport users, and research orga nizations. Each of these participants has different interests and respon sibilities, and each is an integral part of this cooperative research effort. Research problem statements for the ACRP are solicited periodically but may be submitted to the TRB by anyone at any time. It is the responsibility of the AOC to formulate the research program by iden tifying the highest priority projects and defining funding levels and expected products. Once selected, each ACRP project is assigned to an expert panel, appointed by the TRB. Panels include experienced practitioners and research specialists; heavy emphasis is placed on including airport pro fessionals, the intended users of the research products. The panels pre pare project statements (requests for proposals), select contractors, and provide technical guidance and counsel throughout the life of the project. The process for developing research problem statements and selecting research agencies has been used by TRB in managing cooper ative research programs since 1962. As in other TRB activities, ACRP project panels serve voluntarily without compensation. Primary emphasis is placed on disseminating ACRP results to the intended endÂusers of the research: airport operating agencies, service providers, and suppliers. The ACRP produces a series of research reports for use by airport operators, local agencies, the FAA, and other interested parties, and industry associations may arrange for work shops, training aids, field visits, and other activities to ensure that results are implemented by airportÂindustry practitioners. ACRP REPORT 79 Project 03Â17 ISSN 1935Â9802 ISBN 978Â0Â309Â25873Â9 Library of Congress Control Number 2012953197 © 2012 National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. COPYRIGHT INFORMATION Authors herein are responsible for the authenticity of their materials and for obtaining written permissions from publishers or persons who own the copyright to any previously published or copyrighted material used herein. Cooperative Research Programs (CRP) grants permission to reproduce material in this publication for classroom and notÂforÂprofit purposes. Permission is given with the understanding that none of the material will be used to imply TRB or FAA endorsement of a particular product, method, or practice. It is expected that those reproducing the material in this document for educational and notÂforÂprofit uses will give appropriate acknowledgment of the source of any reprinted or reproduced material. For other uses of the material, request permission from CRP. NOTICE The project that is the subject of this report was a part of the Airport Cooperative Research Program, conducted by the Transportation Research Board with the approval of the Governing Board of the National Research Council. The members of the technical panel selected to monitor this project and to review this report were chosen for their special competencies and with regard for appropriate balance. The report was reviewed by the technical panel and accepted for publication according to procedures established and overseen by the Transportation Research Board and approved by the Governing Board of the National Research Council. The opinions and conclusions expressed or implied in this report are those of the researchers who performed the research and are not necessarily those of the Transportation Research Board, the National Research Council, or the program sponsors. The Transportation Research Board of the National Academies, the National Research Council, and the sponsors of the Airport Cooperative Research Program do not endorse products or manufacturers. Trade or manufacturersâ names appear herein solely because they are considered essential to the object of the report. Published reports of the AIRPORT COOPERATIVE RESEARCH PROGRAM are available from: Transportation Research Board Business Office 500 Fifth Street, NW Washington, DC 20001 and can be ordered through the Internet at http://www.nationalÂacademies.org/trb/bookstore Printed in the United States of America
The National Academy of Sciences is a private, nonprofit, self-perpetuating society of distinguished scholars engaged in scientific and engineering research, dedicated to the furtherance of science and technology and to their use for the general welfare. On the authority of the charter granted to it by the Congress in 1863, the Academy has a mandate that requires it to advise the federal government on scientific and technical matters. Dr. Ralph J. Cicerone is president of the National Academy of Sciences. The National Academy of Engineering was established in 1964, under the charter of the National Academy of Sciences, as a parallel organization of outstanding engineers. It is autonomous in its administration and in the selection of its members, sharing with the National Academy of Sciences the responsibility for advising the federal government. The National Academy of Engineering also sponsors engineering programs aimed at meeting national needs, encourages education and research, and recognizes the superior achievements of engineers. Dr. Charles M. Vest is president of the National Academy of Engineering. The Institute of Medicine was established in 1970 by the National Academy of Sciences to secure the services of eminent members of appropriate professions in the examination of policy matters pertaining to the health of the public. The Institute acts under the responsibility given to the National Academy of Sciences by its congressional charter to be an adviser to the federal government and, on its own initiative, to identify issues of medical care, research, and education. Dr. Harvey V. Fineberg is president of the Institute of Medicine. The National Research Council was organized by the National Academy of Sciences in 1916 to associate the broad community of science and technology with the Academyâs purposes of furthering knowledge and advising the federal government. Functioning in accordance with general policies determined by the Academy, the Council has become the principal operating agency of both the National Academy of Sciences and the National Academy of Engineering in providing services to the government, the public, and the scientific and engineering communities. The Council is administered jointly by both Academies and the Institute of Medicine. Dr. Ralph J. Cicerone and Dr. Charles M. Vest are chair and vice chair, respectively, of the National Research Council. The Transportation Research Board is one of six major divisions of the National Research Council. The mission of the Transporta- tion Research Board is to provide leadership in transportation innovation and progress through research and information exchange, conducted within a setting that is objective, interdisciplinary, and multimodal. The Boardâs varied activities annually engage about 7,000 engineers, scientists, and other transportation researchers and practitioners from the public and private sectors and academia, all of whom contribute their expertise in the public interest. The program is supported by state transportation departments, federal agencies including the component administrations of the U.S. Department of Transportation, and other organizations and individu- als interested in the development of transportation. www.TRB.org www.national-academies.org
C O O P E R A T I V E R E S E A R C H P R O G R A M S AUTHOR ACKNOWLEDGMENTS CRP STAFF FOR ACRP REPORT 79 Christopher W. Jenks, Director, Cooperative Research Programs Crawford F. Jencks, Deputy Director, Cooperative Research Programs Michael R. Salamone, ACRP Manager Theresia H. Schatz, Senior Program Officer Terri Baker, Senior Program Assistant Eileen P. Delaney, Director of Publications Sharon C. Lamberton, Assistant Editor ACRP PROJECT 03-17 PANEL Field of Policy and Planning Frederick R. Busch, Denver International Airport, Denver, CO (Chair) Gregory Howard Albjerg, HNTB Corporation, Minneapolis, MN Monica S. Alcabin, Boeing Company, Seattle, WA David A. Byers, University of NebraskaâOmaha, Omaha, NE Nancy S. Dorighi, NASA Ames, Fremont, CA Bruce K. Loev, URS Corporation, Phoenix, AZ Scott W. Marsh, Port Authority of New York and New Jersey, New York, NY Aimee A. McCormick, FAA Liaison Christopher Oswald, Airports Council InternationalâNorth America Liaison Tim R. Schindler, U.S. Government Accountability Office Liaison Richard A. Cunard, TRB Liaison
ACRP Report 79: Evaluating Airfield Capacity provides a guidebook and accompanying CDÂROM to assist airport planners with airfield and airspace capacity evaluation at a wide range of airports. The guidebook describes available methods for evaluating existing and future airfield capacity; provides guidance on selecting an appropriate capacity analysis method; provides best practices in assessing airfield capacity and applying the modeling techniques; and outlines specifications for new models, tools, and enhancements. The guidebook includes relevant background information on airfield components and opera tions, descriptions of existing modeling tools, explanations of new modeling tools created as part of this research, and a decisionÂsupport tool to help select a capacity evaluation technique. The accompanying CDÂROM provides prototype capacity spreadsheet models that are designed to be a preliminary planning tool, similar to the Airfield Capacity Model (ACM) but with more flexibility to change input assumptions to represent siteÂspecific conditions from the most simple to moderate airfield configurations. Airfield capacity assessment is a critical evaluation component of most airport planning projects; therefore, it is important that appropriate guidance be available to the aviation industry for estimating airfield capacity. While airport sponsors often employ more sophis ticated methods for evaluating capacity, the FAAâs Advisory Circular 150/5060Â5, Airport Capacity and Delay (the AC), is the current formal FAA guidance on this topic. To use the AC, airport planners must choose one or more lookup tables or nomographs that, singly or collectively, most closely match the airportâs runway layout. There are also complex, higher fidelity simulation models, such as SIMMOD and TAAM, which can be resource and data intensive. With the many current and evolving factors and limitations that influence airfield capacity at a given airport, there was a need to enhance existing capacityÂmodeling tools and techniques to provide the accuracy appropriate to support timely and costÂeffective project funding decisions. This research was developed under ACRP Project 03Â17, âEvaluating Airfield Capacity,â by a team of recognized experts in airport planning, air traffic control, airfield operations, and airfield and airspace capacity. LeighFisher led the research effort in association with Landrum & Brown; CDM Smith; George Mason University; University of California, Berkeley; and Presentation & Design, Inc. Appendix A to this guidebook provides a Userâs Guide for the Prototype Airfield Capac ity Spreadsheet Model, and Appendix B provides essential references and data sources. The Prototype Airfield Capacity Spreadsheet Model is contained on the accompanying CDÂROM. F O R E W O R D ByâTheresiaâH.âSchatz StaffâOfficer TransportationâResearchâBoard
A separate final report, which provides background to the research conducted in support of the guidebook, has been posted on the ACRP Project 03Â17 web page at http://apps. trb.org/cmsfeed/TRBNetProjectDisplay.asp?ProjectID=2579.