Guidebook for Selecting Methods to Monitor Airport and Aircraft Deicing Materials (2017)

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57 5-day biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5)—The oxygen required for the biological degrada- tion of organic compounds in a sample by bacteria and nutrients after 5 days. Aircraft deicing fluids—Deicers and anti-icers applied to aircraft; typically, the primary deicer constituent is propylene glycol in the United States and ethylene glycol in Canada. Glycerin is the primary deicer constituent in a few products. Ammonia–nitrogen—The concentration of nitrogen contained in the compound ammonia in a water sample. Automatic diversion system—Stormwater diversion system where a monitor is used to detect pollutant concentration, and an electronic system is used to control the diversion of storm- water based on the levels of pollutant detected by the monitor. Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD)—The oxygen required for the biological degradation of a pollutant sample by bacteria and nutrients. Chemical oxygen demand (COD)—The oxygen required for the chemical reaction with organic compounds in a sample. Composite sample—A sample made up of samples collected over a period of time. Samples may be time weighted (collected at set intervals) or flow weighted (collected when a volume of water passes the sample location). Data sonde—A monitor that is temporarily placed into a stream or stormwater structure and left for an extended period of time to collect analytical data. Deicer—Either liquid or dry chemical applied to melt ice or prevent ice from forming on a surface. In this guidebook, it can refer to either aircraft or pavement deicers or anti-icers. Dissolved oxygen (DO)—Oxygen that is dissolved in a water sample. Effluent limitation—Any restriction on quantities, discharge rates, and concentrations of pol- lutants discharged from point sources into waters of the United States. Grab sample—A single sample that is collected at one point in time. Handheld monitor—Any type of monitor that is typically carried out to the sample site to perform the measurement. Load accounting—Measurement and tracking of a parameter mass load (in the United States, typically pounds) over time. Manual diversion system—Stormwater diversion system where valves in the stormwater system are manually opened or closed to divert stormwater. Definitions

58 Guidebook for Selecting Methods to Monitor Airport and Aircraft Deicing Materials Monitoring driver—Reason that monitoring may be performed. Monitoring type—Handheld, test kit, or continuous monitor. National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES)—The U.S. EPA’s program for permitting point source discharges to waters of the United States. National Pretreatment Program—A component of the NPDES program that requires indus- trial and commercial dischargers, called industrial users, to obtain permits or other control mechanisms to discharge to the POTW. Online monitor—Permanently mounted devices designed to sample flow streams and analyze the samples on a regular basis without direct involvement of facility staff. Off-site monitoring—Collecting samples and sending them to an analytical laboratory for analysis. On-site monitoring—Collecting samples and analyzing them at the airport. Parameter—A parameter may be a chemical (e.g., ammonia), a physical characteristic (e.g., temperature or flow), or the result of analytical testing (e.g., biochemical oxygen demand). Pavement deicer—Deicers applied to aircraft operations areas. The compounds are typically applied undiluted. The primary deicer constituents are sodium formate, sodium acetate, and potassium acetate. pH—A measure of the acidity or alkalinity of a sample. Total organic carbon (TOC)—The measurement of carbon dioxide produced during the con- version of all organic carbon in a sample. Refractometer—An instrument that uses a light beam to measure the refractance (light-bending property) of water. Refractance is correlated directly to density and indirectly to chemical concentrations in a water sample. Stormwater—Precipitation runoff, including rainwater and snowmelt. Stormwater monitoring—The act of obtaining a quantitative measurement of stormwater characteristics. Surcharge fee—Fee charged by a municipal treatment plant for wastewater with pollutant con- centrations that exceed the concentration of typical sanitary wastewater. Surrogate—A parameter that is measured in place of another parameter. A mathematical rela- tionship exists between the two parameters such that the surrogate parameter’s concentration can be used to estimate the desired parameter concentration. Technology-based effluent limit—Discharge limits established as part of the NPDES program based on the ability of dischargers in the same industrial category to treat discharges. Test kit monitor—Any type of monitor system for which a sample is collected and analyses are performed by airport personnel away from the sample location—typically in an on-site laboratory area. Total suspended solids—A class of solids associated with particulates (e.g., sand or silt) that can cause sedimentation in a stream or block light and that will inhibit aquatic life. Water-quality–based limit—Discharge limits established as part of the NPDES program to protect the quality of the receiving water.