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C o n f e r e n C e P r o C e e d i n g s 4 7 Research on the Transmission of Disease in Airports and on Aircraft Summary of a Symposium CHRISTINE L. GERENCHER, Transportation Research Board Rapporteur September 17â18, 2009 The Keck Center of the National Academies Washington, D.C. Sponsored by Airport Cooperative Research Program Transportation Research Board Washington, D.C. 2010 www.TRB.org
Transportation Research Board Conference Proceedings 47 ISSN 1073- 1652 ISBN 978-0-309-14295-3 Subscriber Category V aviation Transportation Research Board (TRB) publications are available by ordering individual publications directly from the TRB Business Office, through the Internet at www.TRB.org or national-academies.org/trb, or by annual subscription through organizational or indi- vidual affiliation with TRB. Affiliates and library subscribers are eligible for substantial discounts. For further information, contact the TRB Business Office, 500 Fifth Street, NW, Washington, DC 20001 (telephone 202-334-3213; fax 202-334-2519; or e-mail TRBsales@ nas.edu). Printed in the United States of America. NOTICE: The project that is the subject of this report was approved by the Governing Board of the National Research Council, whose members are drawn from the councils of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine. The members of the committee responsible for the project were chosen for their special competencies and with regard for appropriate balance. This report has been reviewed by a group other than the authors according to the procedures approved by a Report Review Committee consisting of members of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine. This project was sponsored by the Airport Cooperative Research Program and the Transportation Research Board. Committee on Research on the Transmission of Disease in Airports and on Aircraft: A Symposium Katherine Andrus, Air Transport Association, Chair Alan Black, DallasâFt. Worth International Airport Anthony D. B. Evans, International Civil Aviation Organization Mark Gendreau, Lahey Clinic Medical Center and Tufts University School of Medicine Marc Lipsitch, Harvard School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology John C. Neatherlin, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Chris Seher, Department of Homeland Security John âJackâ Spengler, Harvard School of Public Health Jennifer Topmiller, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health Jeanne C. Yu, Boeing Commercial Airplanes Symposium Planning Committee Liaison Jean Watson, Federal Aviation Administration TRB Staff Mark Norman, Director, Technical Activities Christine Gerencher, Senior Program Officer for Aviation and Environment Freda Morgan, Senior Program Associate TRB Publications Office Cay Butler, Editor Javy Awan, Production Editor Jennifer J. Weeks, Manuscript Preparation Juanita Green, Production Manager Cover design by Beth Schlenoff, Beth Schlenoff Design Typesetting by Carol Levie, Grammarians
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Contents PREFACE ................................................................................................................................................ 1 OVERVIEW ............................................................................................................................................. 3 Christine L. Gerencher Session 1 UNDERSTANDING HOW DISEASE IS TRANSMITTED VIA AIR TRAVEL The Aircraft Cabin Environment .............................................................................................................5 Jeanne Yu (Presenter) Human Movement Patterns and the Spread of Infectious Diseases ...........................................................7 Ben S. Cooper (Presenter) Session 2 PRACTICAL CASE-RESPONSE APPROACHES TO INVESTIGATING THE SPREAD OF DISEASE IN AIRPORTS AND ON AIRCRAFT Norovirus Transmission on Aircraft .......................................................................................................12 Dan Fishbein (Presenter), Hannah L. Kirking, Jennifer Cortes, Sherry Burrer, Aron Hall, Nicole J. Cohen, Harvey Lipman, Curi Kim, and Elizabeth R. Daly Swine Flu A/H1N1 Transmission via the Aviation Sector ......................................................................12 Itamar Grotto (Presenter), Shepherd Roee Singer, and Emilia Anis Session 3 THEORETICAL MODELING APPROACHES TO INVESTIGATING THE SPREAD OF DISEASE IN AIRPORTS AND ON AIRCRAFT Summarizing Exposure Patterns on Commercial Aircraft .......................................................................15 James S. Bennett (Presenter), Jennifer L. Topmiller, Yuanhui Zhang, and Watts L. Dietrich
Advance Models for Predicting Contaminants and Infectious Disease Virus Transport in the Airliner Cabin Environment (Part 1) .................................................................................................21 Qingyan (Yan) Chen (Presenter), Sagnik Mazumdar, Michael W. Plesniak, Stephane Poussou, Paul E. Sojka, Tengfei Zhang, and Zhao Zhang Advance Models for Predicting Contaminants and Infectious Disease Virus Transport in the Airliner Cabin Environment (Part 2) .................................................................................................28 Byron Jones (Presenter) Characterizing the Risk of Tuberculosis Infection in Commercial Aircraft by Using Quantitative Microbial Risk Assessment .................................................................................................35 Joan B. Rose (Presenter) and Mark H. Weir Session 4 EXPERIMENTAL âBENCH SCIENCEâ APPROACHES TO INVESTIGATING THE SPREAD OF DISEASE IN AIRPORTS AND ON AIRCRAFT Interventions for Preventing the Transmission of Influenza Virus ...........................................................39 James J. McDevitt and Donald K. Milton The Role of Fomites in the Transmission of Pathogens in Airports and on Aircraft ...............................41 Charles P. Gerba Session 5 POLICIES AND PLANNING TO MINIMIZE THE SPREAD OF DISEASE Transmission Patterns of Mosquito-Borne Infectious Diseases During Air Travel: Passengers, Pathogens, and Public Health Implications ...........................................................................43 James H. Diaz (Presenter) Airline Policies and Procedures to Minimize the Spread of Diseases .......................................................48 Rose M. Ong (Presenter) The Practical Application of World Health Organization Travel Recommendations: Some Observations .................................................................................................................................49 Anthony D. B. Evans (Presenter) Session 6 DISCUSSION OF TOPICS FOR FUTURE RESEARCH ....................................................................... 51 Appendix A SYMPOSIUM AGENDA ........................................................................................................................54 Appendix B REFERENCE MATERIALS .................................................................................................................. 56
