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55 A P P E N D I X B Calculations of Changes in UPFC Associated with the Primary/Standard Law Upgrades State Year # Use d No t Use d Total Killed Overall Effect111 # Saved # Involve d UPFC (%) Chang e (Points) CA 1992 969 1916 2885 0.52 1050 3935 51.3 1994 1351 1518 2869 0.52 1463 4332 65.0 13.6 LA 1994 159 502 661 0.53 180 841 40.3 1996 251 443 694 0.53 283 977 54.7 14.4 GA 1995 335 884 1219 0.52 363 1582 44.1 1997 409 866 1275 0.52 443 1718 49.6 5.4 OK 1996 146 509 655 0.52 158 813 37.4 1998 188 467 655 0.52 204 859 45.6 8.2 DC 1996 9 26 35 0.47 8 43 41.0 1998 9 23 32 0.47 8 40 42.3 1.3 MD 1996 233 204 437 0.50 233 670 69.6 1998 238 214 452 0.50 238 690 68.9 -0.7 IN 1997 239 532 771 0.51 249 1020 47.9 1999 336 484 820 0.51 350 1170 58.6 10.8 Ave. 0.51 7.6 A B C D E F G H 111Overall effect calculated for each state based on the procedures shown in Appendix A. Table 1. Changes associated with first group of seven upgrades. Notes: A (# restrained deaths) and B (# unrestrained deaths) were calculated by dividing known restrained (and known unrestrained) occupants killed by the number of victims where restraint was known, then multiplying that percentage by the total number killed (C). D (effect) was calculated for each state according to the procedure in Appendix A. E (# Saved) was calculated by the formula: Lives Saved = (A x E)/(1 â E). F (# Involved) = A + B + E; H (UPFC) = (A + E)/F.
56 State Year # Use d No t Use d Total Killed Overall Effect112 # Saved # Involve d UPFC (%) Chang e (Points) AL 1998 272 640 912 0.51 287 1199 46.6 2000 305 545 850 0.51 321 1171 53.4 6.8 MI 1999 479 593 1062 0.51 496 1558 62.5 2001 538 471 1009 0.51 558 1567 69.9 7.4 NJ 1999 181 316 497 0.49 175 672 53.0 2001 206 293 499 0.49 199 698 58.0 5.0 WA 2001 225 278 503 0.50 226 729 61.9 2003 259 186 445 0.50 260 705 73.7 11.8 DE 2002 33 62 95 0.49 32 127 51.2 2004 59 48 107 0.49 57 164 70.8 19.6 IL 2002 396 675 1071 0.50 397 1468 54.0 2004 468 516 984 0.50 470 1454 64.5 10.5 TN 2003 334 632 966 0.51 352 1318 52.1 2005 394 616 1010 0.51 415 1425 56.7 4.6 Ave. 0.50 9.3 A B C D E F G H Table 2. Changes associated with the second group of seven upgrades. 112Overall effect calculated for each state based on the procedures shown in Appendix A. Notes: A (# restrained deaths) and B (# unrestrained deaths) were calculated by dividing known restrained (and known unrestrained) occupants killed by the number of victims where restraint was known, then multiplying that percentage by the total number killed (C). D (effect) was calculated for each state according to the procedure in Appendix A. E (# Saved) was calculated by the formula: Lives Saved = (A x E)/(1 â E). F (# Involved) = A + B + E; H (UPFC) = (A + E)/F.