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40 Objectives and Scope This synthesis project will review the evidence for various behavioral strategies to increase the safety-related driving behaviors of commercial motor vehicle (CMV) employees, including: (1) the effectiveness of using behavior-based safety (BBS) techniques to increase the safety-related driving behav- iors of CMV drivers; (2) the practicality of using various BBS techniques with CMV drivers and their acceptance of them; (3) the applicability and impact of self-management techniques within the context of a BBS framework; (4) innovative and cost- effective methods for institutionalizing BBS interventions in CMV driving settings; and (5) the use of on-board safety mon- itoring (OBSM) devices, such as cameras and on-board data recorders as a means of gathering detailed and objective data on CMV driver behaviors. The synthesis will conduct focus groups with fleet safety managers and other experts in CMV safety to identify BBS techniques and on-board safety monitor- ing technologies used in CMV operations. The information gleaned from these focus groups will inform a survey given to professional fleet safety managers to assess the use and per- ceived effectiveness of specific behavioral safety management practices in CMV settings. Finally, the study will report findings, including case studies and identification of needs for future research using BBS techniques in commercial transport settings. Focus Groups to Identify Behavior-Based Safety Techniques The project team will conduct two or three focus groups to identify specific behavioral safety management techniques currently used by CMV carriers. The discussions will address targeted behaviors and performance measures (including those captured by OBSM) and behavioral safety manage- ment practices used by carrier safety managers. The practices may include antecedents (e.g., signs, posters, reminders) and consequences (i.e., rewards and punishments). As BBS encom- passes a variety of different techniques, procedures, and ter- minology, these focus groups will be critical in identifying current BBS practices in CMV operations (including the terminology safety managersâ use in describing these prac- tices). The information gleaned from these focus groups will be essential to developing the planned survey of fleet safety managers. One way to structure the focus group discussions is by the four steps of BBS, such as: 1. Identify safety-critical behaviors 2. Perform observations to gather data 3. Provide feedback to encourage improvement 4. Use gathered data to identify factors promoting positive change The discussion could begin with a discussion identifying the most critical behaviors (mostly driving behaviors but poten- tially including some non-driving behaviors such as loading/ unloading), proceed to a discussion of how safety managers gather information on these behaviors (e.g., ride-alongs, sur- veillance, on-board monitoring), talk about ways to provide feedback and related contingencies, and then talk about man- agement policies and practices put into place based on this process. This structure is simple and lends itself to a non- technical discussion of specific management practices. A P P E N D I X A Statement of Work for Synthesis Report on the Impact of Behavior-Based Safety Techniques on Commercial Motor Vehicle Drivers
