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Suggested Citation:"Acronyms." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2016. Gene Drives on the Horizon: Advancing Science, Navigating Uncertainty, and Aligning Research with Public Values. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/23405.
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Acronyms

APHIS Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service
Cas9 CRISPR associated protein 9
CERCLA Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act
CRISPR Clustered regularly-interspaced short palindromic repeats
DNA deoxyribonucleic acid
EA environmental assessment
EIS environmental impact statement
EPA US Environmental Protection Agency
FDA US Food and Drug Administration
FIFRA Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act
GMM genetically modified mosquito
GMO genetically modified organism
gRNA guide ribonucleic acid
HDR homology directed repair
HEG homing endonuclease gene
HGT horizontal gene transfer
IACUC Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee
IBC Institutional Biosafety Committee
LMO living modified organism
Medea Maternal-effect dominant embryonic arrest
NEPA National Environmental Policy Act
NGS next generation sequencing
NHEJ non-homologous end joining
NIH National Institutes of Health
NRC National Research Council
NSABB National Science Advisory Board for Biodefense
OSTP Office of Science and Technology Policy
PAM protospacer adjacent motif
RAC Recombinant DNA Advisory Committee
RCRA Resource Conservation and Recovery Act
rDNA recombinant DNA
RIDL release of insects with dominant lethality
RNAi RNA interference
RRM relative risk model
SD Segregation Distorter
SIT sterile insect technique
SOP standard operating procedure
TALEN Transcription activator-like effector nuclease
TPP target product profile
TSCA Toxic Substances Control Act
USDA US Department of Agriculture
USFWS US Fish and Wildlife Service
WHO World Health Organization
ZFN zinc finger nuclease
Suggested Citation:"Acronyms." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2016. Gene Drives on the Horizon: Advancing Science, Navigating Uncertainty, and Aligning Research with Public Values. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/23405.
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Page 187
Next: Appendix A Agenda for the Workshop on the Science, Ethics, and Governance Considerations for Gene Drive Research »
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 Gene Drives on the Horizon: Advancing Science, Navigating Uncertainty, and Aligning Research with Public Values
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Research on gene drive systems is rapidly advancing. Many proposed applications of gene drive research aim to solve environmental and public health challenges, including the reduction of poverty and the burden of vector-borne diseases, such as malaria and dengue, which disproportionately impact low and middle income countries. However, due to their intrinsic qualities of rapid spread and irreversibility, gene drive systems raise many questions with respect to their safety relative to public and environmental health. Because gene drive systems are designed to alter the environments we share in ways that will be hard to anticipate and impossible to completely roll back, questions about the ethics surrounding use of this research are complex and will require very careful exploration.

Gene Drives on the Horizon outlines the state of knowledge relative to the science, ethics, public engagement, and risk assessment as they pertain to research directions of gene drive systems and governance of the research process. This report offers principles for responsible practices of gene drive research and related applications for use by investigators, their institutions, the research funders, and regulators.

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