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Preventing Bullying Through Science, Policy, and Practice (2016)

Chapter: Appendix C: Bullying Prevalence Data from National Surveys

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Suggested Citation:"Appendix C: Bullying Prevalence Data from National Surveys." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2016. Preventing Bullying Through Science, Policy, and Practice. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/23482.
×
Suggested Citation:"Appendix C: Bullying Prevalence Data from National Surveys." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2016. Preventing Bullying Through Science, Policy, and Practice. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/23482.
×

TABLE C-1 School Crime Supplement to the National Crime Victimization Survey: Students Who Reported Being Bullied at School during School Year 2012-2013

Student Characteristic Students Bullied Students Not Bullied Student Was Injuredb Adult Was Notified
Total 21.5 78.5 05.8 38.9
Sex

Male

19.5 80.6 07.8 38.5

Female

23.7 76.3 04.1 39.3
Race/Ethnicityc

White, not Hispanic or Latino

23.7 76.3 05.8 40.5

Black, not Hispanic or Latino

20.3 79.7 04.6 ! 40.0

Hispanic or Latino

19.2 80.8 06.0 37.5

Asian, not Hispanic or Latino

09.2 90.8 17.6 ! ¥

All other races, not Hispanic or Latino

25.2 74.8 ¥ 36.8
School Leveld

Primary

27.6 72.4 10.5 51.8

Middle

25.0 75.0 09.1 51.2

High

19.2 80.8 02.8 ! 29.7

Other

22.4 77.6 09.2 37.9
Graded

6

27.8 72.2 10.6 58.3

7

26.4 73.6 10.5 52.3

8

21.7 78.3 06.2 ! 38.1

9

23.0 77.0 03.9 ! 35.2

10

19.5 80.5 04.0 ! 34.6

11

20.0 80.0 ¥ 25.8

12

14.1 85.9 ¥ 22.4

Key to Symbols

! Interpret data with caution. The standard error for this estimate is 30 to 50 percent of the estimate’s value

¥ Reporting standards not met. The standard error for this estimate is equal to 50 percent or more of the estimate’s value

NOTE: “Bullied” includes students being made fun of, called names, or insulted; being the subject of rumors; being threatened with harm; being pushed, shoved, tripped, or spit on; being pressured into doing things they did not want to do; being excluded from activities on purpose; and having property destroyed on purpose. “At school” includes the school building, school property, school bus, or going to and from school. Missing data are not shown for household income.

aStudents who responded “don’t know” when asked about the frequency of bullying are treated as missing in calculating frequencies.

bInjury includes bruises or swelling; cuts, scratches, or scrapes; black eye or bloody nose;

Suggested Citation:"Appendix C: Bullying Prevalence Data from National Surveys." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2016. Preventing Bullying Through Science, Policy, and Practice. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/23482.
×
Percentage Distribution of the Frequency of Bullying among Bullied Studentsa
Once or Twice in the School Year Once or Twice a Month Once or Twice a Week Almost Every Day
67.3 19.4 07.6 05.7
68.0 19.2 07.4 05.5
66.6 19.6 07.8 06.0
64.6 20.6 09.1 05.7
70.2 18.0 05.6 ! 06.2 !
73.8 17.9 04.4 04.0 !
57.3 18.3 ! ¥ ¥
66.9 15.2 ! ¥ 12.8 !
68.0 14.5 12.6 04.9 !
62.7 20.8 07.8 08.7
70.4 19.7 06.2 03.7
67.3 17.3 07.8 ! 07.5 !
62.4 22.7 06.5 ! 08.4 !
63.8 17.3 11.4 07.5
64.0 19.1 07.9 09.1
67.4 24.7 03.7 ! 04.2 !
65.6 21.5 07.8 05.0 !
75.8 12.9 08.2 03.2 !
75.2 17.4 06.1 ! ¥

teeth chipped or knocked out; broken bones or internal injuries; knocked unconscious; or other injuries. Only students who reported they were pushed, shoved, tripped, or spit on were asked if they suffered injuries as a result of the incident.

teeth chipped or knocked out; broken bones or internal injuries; knocked unconscious; or other injuries. Only students who reported they were pushed, shoved, tripped, or spit on were asked if they suffered injuries as a result of the incident.

cRespondents who were reported as being of Hispanic or Latino origin were classified as “Hispanic or Latino” regardless of their race. “Black, not Hispanic or Latino” includes African Americans. “All other races, not Hispanic or Latino” includes Native Hawaiians or Other Pacific Islanders, American Indians or Alaska Natives, and respondents of two or more races (4% of all respondents).

dThe School Crime Supplement sample includes students ages 12–18 and, therefore, might not be representative of students in sixth grade. Comparisons between students in sixth grade and those in other grades should be made with caution.

SOURCE: Data from National Center for Education Statistics. (2015). Student Reports of Bullying and Cyber-Bullying: Results from the 2013 School Crime Supplement to the National Crime Victimization Survey (NCES 2015-056).Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Education. Available: http://nces.ed.gov/pubs2015/2015056.pdf [May 2016].

Suggested Citation:"Appendix C: Bullying Prevalence Data from National Surveys." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2016. Preventing Bullying Through Science, Policy, and Practice. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/23482.
×

TABLE C-2 School Crime Supplement to the National Crime Victimization Survey: Students Who Reported Being Bullied at School during School Year 2012-2013

Student Characteristic Among Bullied Students: Location of Bullying
In a Classroom In a Hallway or Stairwell In a Bathroom/Locker Room Cafeteria at School Outside on School Grounds School Bus Somewhere Else at School
Total 33.6 45.6 09.1 18.9 22.9 7.8 0.8
Sex

Male

31.1 45.8 11.6 17.9 22.3 08.9 ¥

Female

35.8 45.3 07.0 19.7 23.4 06.9 1.2
Race/Ethnicitya

White, not Hispanic or Latino

33.9 46.9 11.0 19.8 22.9 09.6 0.8

Black, not Hispanic or Latino

28.7 39.5 05.1 ! 19.2 18.7 06.4 ! ¥

Hispanic or Latino

35.6 44.8 07.1 15.5 26.4 02.3 ! ¥

Asian, not Hispanic or Latino

41.9 53.4 16.7 ! 32.4 ! ¥ ¥ #

All other races

31.9 48.3 ¥ 14.3 ! 25.1 17.0 ! #
School Levelb

Primary

40.1 22.9 07.4 ! 09.7 ! 46.6 08.7 ! ¥

Middle

34.4 45.0 10.0 20.0 24.6 12.7 ¥

High

31.6 49.2 08.6 19.2 17.5 04.4 1.0 !

Other

33.2 39.6 07.1 ! 16.7 32.0 11.3 ¥
Gradeb

6

34.9 40.9 07.3 ! 11.6 36.4 17.1 #

7

32.4 43.6 12.9 20.8 26.8 10.2 ¥

8

38.0 41.2 07.7 18.0 26.1 08.7 ¥

9

29.9 42.0 09.5 23.9 19.0 05.7 ! ¥

10

40.1 52.6 09.0 19.2 20.0 07.9 ¥

11

29.5 52.2 08.2 18.8 16.6 ¥ ¥

12

30.1 47.4 06.2 ! 14.9 14.1 ¥ ¥
Suggested Citation:"Appendix C: Bullying Prevalence Data from National Surveys." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2016. Preventing Bullying Through Science, Policy, and Practice. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/23482.
×
Type of Bullying
Made Fun of, Called Names, or Insulted Spread Rumors Threatened with Harm Pushed, Shoved, Tripped, or Spit on Tried to Make Do Things They Didn’t Want to Do Exclude from Activities on Purpose Property Destroyed on Purpose
13.6 13.2 3.9 6.0 2.2 4.5 1.6
12.6 09.6 4.1 07.4 2.4 3.5 1.8
14.7 17.0 3.7 04.6 1.9 5.5 1.3
15.6 14.6 4.4 06.1 2.0 5.4 1.5
10.5 12.7 3.2 06.0 2.7 2.7 2.0
12.1 11.5 4.0 06.3 1.6 3.5 1.4
7.5 3.7 ¥ 02.0 ! 3.8 ! 2.2 ! 1.6 !
16.5 17.3 4.3 ! 08.5 4.0 ! 6.5 2.1 !
19.1 14.5 4.7 08.9 1.6 ! 7.0 1.7 !
17.4 14.6 6.0 09.8 3.1 5.7 2.4
11.3 12.0 2.6 04.0 1.8 3.3 1.1
12.5 16.0 6.0 04.5 2.3 6.8 1.0 !
21.3 16.1 5.9 11.0 3.4 6.5 3.1
17.9 15.5 6.1 11.6 3.0 6.3 2.2
14.5 12.7 3.9 6.5 2.3 5.2 1.5 !
13.7 13.8 3.6 04.9 2.6 4.3 1.2 !
12.9 12.9 4.3 03.7 1.7 4.6 1.3
11.2 12.5 3.0 03.4 1.5 2.4 1.6 !
6.4 9.7 1.0 ! 03.0 1.3 ! 2.6 0.7 !
Suggested Citation:"Appendix C: Bullying Prevalence Data from National Surveys." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2016. Preventing Bullying Through Science, Policy, and Practice. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/23482.
×

Key to Symbols

# Rounds to zero

! Interpret data with caution. The standard error for this estimate is 30 to 50 percent of the estimate’s value

¥ Reporting standards not met. The standard error for this estimate is equal to 50 percent or more of the estimate’s value

NOTE: “Bullied” includes students being made fun of, called names, or insulted; being the subject of rumors; being threatened with harm; being pushed, shoved, tripped, or spit on; being pressured into doing things they did not want to do; being excluded from activities on purpose; and having property destroyed on purpose. “At school” includes the school building, school property, school bus, or going to and from school. Missing data are not shown for household income.

Suggested Citation:"Appendix C: Bullying Prevalence Data from National Surveys." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2016. Preventing Bullying Through Science, Policy, and Practice. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/23482.
×

aRespondents who were reported as being of Hispanic or Latino origin were classified as “Hispanic or Latino” regardless of their race. “Black, not Hispanic or Latino” includes African Americans. “All other races, not Hispanic or Latino” includes Native Hawaiians or Other Pacific Islanders, American Indians or Alaska Natives, and respondents of two or more races (4 percent of all respondents).

bThe School Crime Supplement sample includes students ages 12-18 and, therefore, might not be representative of students in sixth grade. Comparisons between students in sixth grade and those in other grades should be made with caution.

SOURCE: Data from National Center for Education Statistics. (2015). Student Reports of Bullying and Cyber-Bullying: Results from the 2013 School Crime Supplement to the National Crime Victimization Survey (NCES 2015-056).Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Education. Available: http://nces.ed.gov/pubs2015/2015056.pdf [May 2016].

Suggested Citation:"Appendix C: Bullying Prevalence Data from National Surveys." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2016. Preventing Bullying Through Science, Policy, and Practice. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/23482.
×

TABLE C-3 School Crime Supplement to the National Crime Victimization Survey: Students Who Reported Being Cyberbullied Anywhere, School Year 2012-2013

Student Characteristic Students Cyberbullied Students not Cyberbullied Adult Was Notified Frequency of Cyberbullying among Cyberbullied Students (%)
Once or Twice in the School Year Once or Twice a Month Once or Twice a Week Almost Every Day
Total 06.9 93.1 23.3 73.2 15.0 07.9 3.8
Sex

Male

05.2 94.8 10.5 75.2 09.3 08.1 7.4 !

Female

08.6 91.4 31.6 71.9 18.8 07.9 ¥
Race/Ethnicitya

White

07.6 92.4 24.4 76.9 15.2 04.6 ! 3.3 !

Black

04.5 95.5 24.5 ! 68.2 18.9 ! ¥ #

Hispanic or Latino

05.8 94.2 23.7 73.5 08.9 ! 12.5 ! ¥

Asian,

05.8 94.2 ¥ 42.9 ! 32.6 ! 24.5 ! #

All other races, not Hispanic or Latino

13.4 86.6 21.0 65.2 ¥ ¥ ¥
School Levelb

Primary

04.6 95.4 54.2 79.1 ¥ ¥ ¥

Middle

06.6 93.4 23.7 68.3 20.4 6.4 4.9 !

High

07.2 92.8 20.3 73.9 15.3 7.3 3.6

Other

07.3 92.7 19.7 84.1 ¥ ¥ ¥
Gradeb

6

05.9 94.1 17.5 82.3 ¥ ¥ ¥

7

07.0 93.0 28.0 65.5 24.9 ¥ ¥

8

06.4 93.6 30.4 70.5 17.2 ! 08.6 ! ¥

9

06.7 93.3 12.4 79.6 07.7 ! 09.2 ! ¥

10

08.6 91.4 23.9 73.8 16.7 ! 06.7 ! ¥

11

06.8 93.2 26.7 71.4 14.2! 12.3 ! ¥

12

05.9 94.1 21.0 74.6 13.3 ! ¥ ¥

Key to Symbols

# Rounds to zero

! Interpret data with caution. The standard error for this estimate is 30 to 50 percent of the estimate’s value

¥ Reporting standards not met. The standard error for this estimate is equal to 50 percent or more of the estimate’s value

NOTE: “Bullied” includes students being made fun of, called names, or insulted; being the subject of rumors; being threatened with harm; being pushed, shoved, tripped, or spit on; being pressured into doing things they did not want to do; being excluded from activities on purpose; and having property destroyed on purpose. “At school” includes the school building, school property, school bus, or going to and from school. Missing data are not shown for household income.

Suggested Citation:"Appendix C: Bullying Prevalence Data from National Surveys." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2016. Preventing Bullying Through Science, Policy, and Practice. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/23482.
×
Type of Cyberbullying (%)
Hurtful Information on Internet Purposely Shared Private Information Unwanted Contact via E-mail Unwanted Contact via Instant Message Unwanted Contact via Text Message Unwanted Contact via Online Gaming Purposeful Exclusion from an Online Community
2.8 0.9 0.9 2.1 3.2 1.5 0.9
1.2 0.4 0.2 ! 1.0 1.6 2.5 0.9
4.5 1.5 1.7 3.4 4.9 0.4 0.9
2.9 1.0 0.8 2.2 3.8 1.8 1.0
2.2 ¥ 0.8 ! 1.8 ! 1.9 ¥ ¥
2.6 1.0 ! 0.8 ! 1.9 2.6 0.9 ! 1.0
1.8 ! # ¥ ¥ ¥ 3.1 ! ¥
6.9 1.9 4.7 ! 4.9 ! 6.2 3.2 ! ¥
¥ ¥ 1.4 ! ¥ 2.7 ¥ ¥
2.4 0.8 0.9 2.6 3.2 2.0 1.0
3.2 0.9 0.8 2.1 3.2 1.3 0.9
¥ ¥ 1.6 ! ¥ 3.7 ¥ ¥
1.4 ! ¥ ¥ 1.2 ! 2.3 ! 1.5 ! ¥
2.1 1.1 ! 1.0 ! 2.3 3.8 1.8 0.8 !
3.1 0.9 ! 1.5 ! 2.3 3.2 1.7 1.5 !
2.0 ¥ ¥ 2.9 2.8 1.6 1.4
4.1 1.2 ! 1.4 2.8 4.5 1.0 ! 1.0 !
3.9 1.3 ! ¥ 1.1 ! 2.7 1.3 ¥
2.6 ¥ 1.1 ! 1.9 2.3 1.4 ! ¥

aRespondents who were reported as being of Hispanic or Latino origin were classified as “Hispanic or Latino” regardless of their race. “Black, not Hispanic or Latino” includes African Americans. “All other races, not Hispanic or Latino” includes Native Hawaiians or Other Pacific Islanders, American Indians or Alaska Natives, and respondents of two or more races (4% of all respondents).

bThe School Crime Supplement sample includes students ages 12–18 and, therefore, might not be representative of students in sixth grade. Comparisons between students in sixth grade and those in other grades should be made with caution.

SOURCE: Data from National Center for Education Statistics. (2015). Student Reports of Bullying and Cyber-Bullying: Results from the 2013 School Crime Supplement to the National Crime Victimization Survey (NCES 2015-056).Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Education. Available: http://nces.ed.gov/pubs2015/2015056.pdf [May 2016].

Suggested Citation:"Appendix C: Bullying Prevalence Data from National Surveys." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2016. Preventing Bullying Through Science, Policy, and Practice. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/23482.
×

TABLE C-4 Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance Data: 2012-2013 School Year

Bullied on School Propertya (%) Electronically Bullied a b (%)
Female Male Total Female Male Total
Race / Ethnicity

Whitec

27.3 16.2 21.8 25.2 08.7 16.9

Blackc

15.1 10.2 12.7 10.5 06.9 08.7

Hispanic

20.7 14.8 17.8 17.1 08.3 12.8
Grade

9

29.2 20.8 25.0 22.8 09.4 16.1

10

28.8 15.8 22.2 21.9 07.2 14.5

11

20.3 13.1 16.8 20.6 08.9 14.9

12

15.5 11.2 13.3 18.3 08.6 13.5
Total 23.7 15.6 19.6 21.0 08.5 14.8

aDuring the 12 months before the survey.

bIncluding being bullied through e-mail, chat rooms, instant messaging, Websites, or texting.

cNon-Hispanic.

SOURCE: Data from Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2014). Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance—United States. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 64(4).

Suggested Citation:"Appendix C: Bullying Prevalence Data from National Surveys." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2016. Preventing Bullying Through Science, Policy, and Practice. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/23482.
×

TABLE C-5 National Survey of Children’s Exposure to Violence II: Bullying and Cyberbullying Prevalence Rates 2012, Data from 2011

Victimization Type All Victims (%) Victim Gender (%) Victim Age (%)
Male Female 0-1 2-5 6-9 10-13 14-17
Last Year Lifetime Last Year Lifetime Last Year Lifetime Last Year Last Year Last Year Last Year Last Year
Assault by peer, nonsibling 17.9 27.8 22.8 34.1 12.8 21.3 3.7 16.4 20.6 23.5 18.4
Assault by gang or groupa 01.7 3.60 2.50 05.2 00.9 02.0 00.1 01.2 02.5 02.9
Bias attacka 01.8 02.8 2.20 03.6 01.4 02.0 00.8 01.9 02.6 01.9
Threatened assaulta 08.8 17.8 9.10 19.5 08.4 16.1 03.9 05.7 13.1 12.4
Internet/cell phone harassmentb 06.0 08.5 3.80 05.8 08.3 11.3 00.0c 00.5 04.4 13.9

Key to Symbols

† Not available

NOTE: Values in boldface are significantly different at p < .05 by Pearson χ2 test.

aAmong those 2 years or older.

bAmong those 5 years or older.

cIncludes 5-year-olds only.

SOURCE: Data from Finkelhor, D., Turner, H.A., Shattuck, A., and Hamby, S.L. (2015). Violence, Crime, and Abuse Exposure in a National Sample of Children and Youth: An Update. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention. Available: http://www.ojjdp.gov/pubs/248547.pdf [June 2016].

Suggested Citation:"Appendix C: Bullying Prevalence Data from National Surveys." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2016. Preventing Bullying Through Science, Policy, and Practice. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/23482.
×

TABLE C-6 Health Behavior in School-Age Children: Bullying and Cyberbullying Frequency for Children Who Are Bullied, 2009-2010 School Year

Question Asked Frequency (%) a
Zero Times Once or Twice 2 or 3 Times per Month Once a Week Several Times a Week
Bullied at school 69.1 16.0 4.1 2.6 4.0
Called names/teased 64.4 16.9 3.3 3.2 5.5
Left out of things 69.8 13.3 3.1 2.9 3.7
Hit/kicked/pushed 79.1 07.3 2.0 1.8 2.2
Others lied about me 65.4 15.8 4.4 2.7 4.6
Bullied for race/color 80.4 05.9 1.8 1.6 2.7
Bullied for religion 83.5 04.3 1.4 1.0 1.9
Made sexual jokes to me 72.4 10.2 3.2 2.7 4.0
Bullied using a computer/e-mail 85.2 03.5 1.5 0.9 1.2
Bullied using a computer/e-mail, outside of school 85.2 03.7 1.4 0.8 1.4
Bullied using a cell phone 85.2 03.4 1.2 0.9 1.2
Bullied using a cell phone, outside of school 85.5 03.2 1.3 0.9 1.3

NOTE: Being bullied is defined as when another student, or a group of students, say or do nasty or unpleasant things to him or her. It is also bullying when a student is teased repeatedly in a way he or she does not like or when they are deliberately left out of things. But it is NOT BULLYING when two students of about the same strength or power argue or fight. It is also not bullying when a student is teased in a friendly and playful way.

aDuring the 12 months before the survey.

SOURCE: Data from Iannotti, R.J. (2010). Health Behavior in School-Aged Children (HBSC), 2009-2010 (ICPSR 34791). U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development. Available: http://www.icpsr.umich.edu/icpsrweb/NAHDAP/studies/34792 [May 2016].

Suggested Citation:"Appendix C: Bullying Prevalence Data from National Surveys." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2016. Preventing Bullying Through Science, Policy, and Practice. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/23482.
×

TABLE C-7 Health Behavior in School-Age Children: Bullying and Cyberbullying Frequency for Children Who Bully, 2009-2010 School Year

Question Asked Frequency (%)
Zero Times Once or Twice 2 or 3 Times/Month Once a Week Several Times a Week
Bullied another student 68.2 19.1 3.6 1.7 1.9
Called another student names/teased 70.0 15.7 2.4 1.6 2.3
Left another student out of things 76.5 10.3 1.9 1.2 1.7
Hit/kicked/pushed another student 80.7 06.3 1.5 1.3 1.6
Others lied about another student 82.8 05.2 1.3 1.0 1.2
Bullied another student for race/color 84.4 03.8 1.2 0.8 1.3
Bullied another student for religion 85.8 02.8 1.0 0.8 1.2
Made sexual jokes to another student 82.3 05.0 1.5 1.1 1.5
Bullied another student using a computer/e-mail 86.3 02.4 0.8 0.7 1.2
Bullied another student using a computer/e-mail, outside of school 86.0 02.7 0.9 0.7 1.1
Bullied another student using a cell phone 85.9 02.8 0.9 0.8 1.0
Bullied another student using a cell phone, outside of school 86.0 02.7 0.9 0.5 1.2

NOTE: Being bullied is defined as when another student, or a group of students, say or do nasty or unpleasant things to him or her. It is also bullying when a student is teased repeatedly in a way he or she does not like or when they are deliberately left out of things. But it is NOT BULLYING when two students of about the same strength or power argue or fight. It is also not bullying when a student is teased in a friendly and playful way.

SOURCE: Data from Iannotti, R.J. (2010). Health Behavior in School-Aged Children (HBSC), 2009-2010 (ICPSR 34791). U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development. Available: http://www.icpsr.umich.edu/icpsrweb/NAHDAP/studies/34792 [May 2016]

Suggested Citation:"Appendix C: Bullying Prevalence Data from National Surveys." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2016. Preventing Bullying Through Science, Policy, and Practice. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/23482.
×

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Suggested Citation:"Appendix C: Bullying Prevalence Data from National Surveys." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2016. Preventing Bullying Through Science, Policy, and Practice. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/23482.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix C: Bullying Prevalence Data from National Surveys." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2016. Preventing Bullying Through Science, Policy, and Practice. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/23482.
×
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix C: Bullying Prevalence Data from National Surveys." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2016. Preventing Bullying Through Science, Policy, and Practice. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/23482.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix C: Bullying Prevalence Data from National Surveys." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2016. Preventing Bullying Through Science, Policy, and Practice. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/23482.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix C: Bullying Prevalence Data from National Surveys." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2016. Preventing Bullying Through Science, Policy, and Practice. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/23482.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix C: Bullying Prevalence Data from National Surveys." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2016. Preventing Bullying Through Science, Policy, and Practice. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/23482.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix C: Bullying Prevalence Data from National Surveys." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2016. Preventing Bullying Through Science, Policy, and Practice. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/23482.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix C: Bullying Prevalence Data from National Surveys." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2016. Preventing Bullying Through Science, Policy, and Practice. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/23482.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix C: Bullying Prevalence Data from National Surveys." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2016. Preventing Bullying Through Science, Policy, and Practice. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/23482.
×
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix C: Bullying Prevalence Data from National Surveys." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2016. Preventing Bullying Through Science, Policy, and Practice. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/23482.
×
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix C: Bullying Prevalence Data from National Surveys." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2016. Preventing Bullying Through Science, Policy, and Practice. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/23482.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix C: Bullying Prevalence Data from National Surveys." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2016. Preventing Bullying Through Science, Policy, and Practice. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/23482.
×
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix C: Bullying Prevalence Data from National Surveys." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2016. Preventing Bullying Through Science, Policy, and Practice. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/23482.
×
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix C: Bullying Prevalence Data from National Surveys." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2016. Preventing Bullying Through Science, Policy, and Practice. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/23482.
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Bullying has long been tolerated as a rite of passage among children and adolescents. There is an implication that individuals who are bullied must have "asked for" this type of treatment, or deserved it. Sometimes, even the child who is bullied begins to internalize this idea. For many years, there has been a general acceptance and collective shrug when it comes to a child or adolescent with greater social capital or power pushing around a child perceived as subordinate. But bullying is not developmentally appropriate; it should not be considered a normal part of the typical social grouping that occurs throughout a child's life.

Although bullying behavior endures through generations, the milieu is changing. Historically, bulling has occurred at school, the physical setting in which most of childhood is centered and the primary source for peer group formation. In recent years, however, the physical setting is not the only place bullying is occurring. Technology allows for an entirely new type of digital electronic aggression, cyberbullying, which takes place through chat rooms, instant messaging, social media, and other forms of digital electronic communication.

Composition of peer groups, shifting demographics, changing societal norms, and modern technology are contextual factors that must be considered to understand and effectively react to bullying in the United States. Youth are embedded in multiple contexts and each of these contexts interacts with individual characteristics of youth in ways that either exacerbate or attenuate the association between these individual characteristics and bullying perpetration or victimization. Recognizing that bullying behavior is a major public health problem that demands the concerted and coordinated time and attention of parents, educators and school administrators, health care providers, policy makers, families, and others concerned with the care of children, this report evaluates the state of the science on biological and psychosocial consequences of peer victimization and the risk and protective factors that either increase or decrease peer victimization behavior and consequences.

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