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17 3.4 Annual EU of Ground Support Equipment (GSE) The annual Energy Use (EU) of Alternative Systems is calculated using: 1 ) .Ground Support Equipment active Standby standbyEU (GSx TIM EU x TIM x 365 x3 412 N k= = +â Where: EUGround Support Equipment = Annual energy use of the ground support equipment (kBtu/yr), GS = Ground Support power (kW), TIMactive = Time in mode, active (hr/day), EUStandby = Electric power in standby mode (kW), TIMstandby= Time in mode, standby (hr/day), k=1,2,â¦,N, representing N types of ground support equipment. 3.5 Annual EU of External Lighting and Parking Lighting The total annual Energy Use (EU) of Exterior Lighting is calculated using: EUexterior lighting = EUexposed lighting + EUcovered lighting Where: EUexposed lighting (kBtu) = (LPD/1000) x A (ft2) x 12 (hr/day) x 365 (day/yr) x 3.412 (kBtu/kWh) EUcovered lighting (kBtu) = (LPD/1000) x A (ft2) x 24 (hr/day) x 365 (day/yr) x3.412(kBtu/kWh) Where: LPD = Lighting Power Density (W/ft2), A= Area illuminated (ft2). 4. Estimation of ATBâs Measured Annual EU based on Utility Information The utility bills are used to calculate the (measured) Energy Use (EU) of an individual Airport Terminal Building (ATB). The utility bills usually consist of electricity consumption (kWh) and gas consumption (MCF or therms) data. The utility bills should include all of the energy consumption of an ATB, such as lighting, equipment, heating, and cooling. The total EU is then estimated by: EUTotal = EUATB Electricity +EUATB Natural Gas Where EUATB Electricity, is the EU that corresponds to the total electricity use in the ATB, EUATB Natural Gas, is the EU that corresponds to the total natural gas use in the ATB However, there are certain cases where the utility information includes the heating and cooling energy consumption (i.e., chilled water and heating hot water). This often occurs at a large airport, when a thermal
18 plant provides Chilled Water (CHW) and Heating Hot Water (HHW) for cooling and heating to multiple ATBs that are metered. In these cases, the total EUI for an ATB becomes: EUTotal = EUCHW + EUHHW + EUATB Electricity-non CHW +EUATB Natural Gas-non HHW Where EUCHW, is the EU that corresponds to the chilled water use in the ATB, EUHHW, is the EU that corresponds to the heating hot water use in the ATB, EUATB Electricity-non CHW, is the EU that corresponds to the electricity use in the ATB for lighting and equipment, EUATB Natural Gas-non HHW, is the EU that corresponds to the natural gas use in the ATB that is not for heating. For these cases, it is necessary to adjust the heating and cooling energy portion of the utility information in order to estimate the electricity or natural gas that would be required to generate the CHW and HHW. To accomplish this, the recommended thermal plant efficiencies are 1.0 kW/ton for the CHW production (Ostendorp 2010), and 80% for the HHW generation (Durkin 2006). In such cases the metered CHW and HHW consumption data are adjusted by the above factors to calculate the ATBâs EUI. The equations to calculate the corresponding Energy Use (EU) for CHW and HHW are as follows. EUCHW (kBtu/yr) = 3.412 (kBtu/kWh) x CHW (kBtu/yr) x 1.0 (kW/ton) x 1 (ton) / 12 (kBtu/h) EUHHW (kBtu/yr) = HHW (kBtu/yr) / 80 (%)
