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Molybdenum-99 for Medical Imaging (2016)

Chapter: Appendix E: Acronyms

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Suggested Citation:"Appendix E: Acronyms." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2016. Molybdenum-99 for Medical Imaging. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/23563.
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Appendix E

Acronyms

2D

Two-dimensional

3D

Three-dimensional

ABIM

American Board of Internal Medicine

ABMS

American Board of Medical Specialties

ABNM

American Board of Nuclear Medicine

ABR

American Board of Radiology

ACGME

Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education

ACSI

Advanced Cyclotron Systems, Inc

AECL

Atomic Energy of Canada Limited

AIPES

Association of Imaging Producers and Equipment Suppliers

AMA

American Medical Association

AMIPA

American Medical Isotopes Production Act

ANDA

Abbreviated new drug application

ANL

Argonne National Laboratory

ANSTO

Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation

ASNM

American Society of Nuclear Medicine

ATA

American Thyroid Association

AUC

Appropriate Use Criteria

B&W

Babcock & Wilcox (now BWX Technologies)

BATAN

Badan Tenaga Nuklir Nasional

Bq

Becquerel

BR-2

Belgian Reactor II

Suggested Citation:"Appendix E: Acronyms." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2016. Molybdenum-99 for Medical Imaging. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/23563.
×
CAD

Coronary artery disease

CANDU

CANada Deuterium Uranium

CBNC

Certifying Board of Nuclear Cardiology

CCaS

Coronary artery calcium scoring

CCTA

Cardiac computed tomography angiography

CEA

Commissariat à l’énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives

CEA Scan™

Carcinoembryonic antigen scan (Tradename for arcitumomab)

CERCA

Compagnie pour l’Etude et la Réalisation de CombustiblesAtomiques

Ci

Curie

CIAE

China Institute of Atomic Energy

CIIC

Canadian Isotope Innovations Corporation

CMS

Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services

CNEA

Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica

CNL

Canadian Nuclear Laboratories

CNSC

Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission

CORAR

Council of Radionculides and Radiopharmaceuticals

CPT

Current Procedural Terminology

CRCHUS

Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke

CRP

Coordinated Research Project

CT

Computed tomography

DOE

U.S. Department of Energy

DTPA

Diethylene triamine pentaacetic acid

EOP

End of processing

FDA

U.S. Food and Drug Administration

FRM-II

Forschungsreaktors München II reactor

FY

Fiscal year

GA

General Atomics

GAO

U.S. Government Accountability Office

GE

General Electric

GEHC

General Electric Health Care

GTRI

Global Threat Reduction Initiative

HANARO

High-flux Advanced Neutron Application ReactOr

HCPCS

Healthcare Common Procedural Code System

Suggested Citation:"Appendix E: Acronyms." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2016. Molybdenum-99 for Medical Imaging. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/23563.
×
HEU

Highly enriched uranium

HFIR

High Flux Isotope Reactor

HFR

High Flux Reactor

HHS

U.S. Department of Health and Human Services

HIFAR

High Flux Australian Reactor

HLG-MR

High-level Group on the Security of Supply of Medical Radioisotopes

HLW

High-level waste

IAEA

International Atomic Energy Agency

INVAP

Investigación Aplicada

IOM

Institute of Medicine

IRE

Institut National des Radioéléments

JHR

Jules Horowitz Reactor

KAERI

Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute

KJRR

Kijang Research Reactor

LEU

Low enriched uranium

LLW

Low-level waste

LMI

Lantheus Medical Imaging

MAA

Macroaggregated albumin

MAG3 (or MAG-3)

Mercaptoacetyltriglycine

MAPLE

Multipurpose Applied Physics Lattice Experiment reactor

MIPS

Medical Isotopes Production System

MIR

Modernized international reactor

MIT

Massachusetts Institute of Technology

MOX

Mixed oxide

MPI

Myocardial perfusion imaging

MRI

Magnetic resonance imaging

MTR

Materials test reactor

MURR

Missouri University Research Reactor Center

MYRRHA

Multi-purpose hYbrid Research Reactor for High-tech Applications

NASEM

National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine

NCRP

National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements

NDA

New Drug Application

Suggested Citation:"Appendix E: Acronyms." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2016. Molybdenum-99 for Medical Imaging. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/23563.
×
NEA

Nuclear Energy Agency

NECSA

Nuclear Energy Corporation of South Africa

NEI

Nuclear Energy Institute

NNSA

National Nuclear Security Administration

NRC

U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission

NRCan

Natural Resources Canada

NRG

Nuclear Research and Consultancy Group

NRU

National Research Universal Reactor

NTP

Nuclear Technology Products SOC Ltd.

OECD

Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development

OPAL

Open-Pool Australian Lightwater Reactor

ORC

Outage reserve capacity

ORNL

Oak Ridge National Laboratory

OSTP

(The White House) Office of Science and Technology Policy

PET

Positron emission tomography

PIPE

Prairie Isotope Production Enterprise

PNNL

Pacific Northwest National Laboratory

RAS

Russian Academy of Sciences

RIAR

Scientific Research Institute of Atomic Reactors

RMB

Brazilian Multipurpose Research Reactor

SAFARI-1

South Africa Fundamental Atomic Research Installation 1 reactor

sANDA

Supplemental ANDA

SCK•CEN

Dutch: Studiecentrum voor Kernenergie; French: Centre d’Étude de l’énergie Nucléaire; English: Belgian Nuclear Research Center

SGE

Selective gas extraction

SHINE

Subcritical Hybrid Intense Neutron Emitter

sNDA

Supplemental NDA

SNMMI

Society of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging

SPECT

Single-photon emission computed tomography

SRA

Southern Radioisotopes Alliance Inc.

TIG

Tungsten inert gas

TRIGA

Training, Research, Isotopes, General Atomics

TRIUMF

A consortium of Canadian universities, formerly Tri-University Meson Facility

TRM

Target Residual Material

Suggested Citation:"Appendix E: Acronyms." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2016. Molybdenum-99 for Medical Imaging. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/23563.
×
UPPI

United Pharmacy Partners LLC

WBC

White blood cell

WNN

World Nuclear News

Suggested Citation:"Appendix E: Acronyms." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2016. Molybdenum-99 for Medical Imaging. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/23563.
×

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Suggested Citation:"Appendix E: Acronyms." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2016. Molybdenum-99 for Medical Imaging. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/23563.
×
Page 241
Suggested Citation:"Appendix E: Acronyms." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2016. Molybdenum-99 for Medical Imaging. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/23563.
×
Page 242
Suggested Citation:"Appendix E: Acronyms." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2016. Molybdenum-99 for Medical Imaging. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/23563.
×
Page 243
Suggested Citation:"Appendix E: Acronyms." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2016. Molybdenum-99 for Medical Imaging. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/23563.
×
Page 244
Suggested Citation:"Appendix E: Acronyms." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2016. Molybdenum-99 for Medical Imaging. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/23563.
×
Page 245
Suggested Citation:"Appendix E: Acronyms." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2016. Molybdenum-99 for Medical Imaging. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/23563.
×
Page 246
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The decay product of the medical isotope molybdenum-99 (Mo-99), technetium-99m (Tc-99m), and associated medical isotopes iodine-131 (I-131) and xenon-133 (Xe-133) are used worldwide for medical diagnostic imaging or therapy. The United States consumes about half of the world’s supply of Mo-99, but there has been no domestic (i.e., U.S.-based) production of this isotope since the late 1980s. The United States imports Mo-99 for domestic use from Australia, Canada, Europe, and South Africa.

Mo-99 and Tc-99m cannot be stockpiled for use because of their short half-lives. Consequently, they must be routinely produced and delivered to medical imaging centers. Almost all Mo-99 for medical use is produced by irradiating highly enriched uranium (HEU) targets in research reactors, several of which are over 50 years old and are approaching the end of their operating lives. Unanticipated and extended shutdowns of some of these old reactors have resulted in severe Mo-99 supply shortages in the United States and other countries. Some of these shortages have disrupted the delivery of medical care. Molybdenum-99 for Medical Imaging examines the production and utilization of Mo-99 and associated medical isotopes, and provides recommendations for medical use.

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