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Suggested Citation:"Bibliography." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2016. Performance Specifications for Asphalt Mixtures. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/23564.
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Page 63
Page 64
Suggested Citation:"Bibliography." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2016. Performance Specifications for Asphalt Mixtures. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/23564.
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Page 64

Below is the uncorrected machine-read text of this chapter, intended to provide our own search engines and external engines with highly rich, chapter-representative searchable text of each book. Because it is UNCORRECTED material, please consider the following text as a useful but insufficient proxy for the authoritative book pages.

63 BiBliography Bahia, H. and R. Davies, Effect of Crumb Rubber Modifiers (CRM) on Performance-Related Properties of Asphalt Binders [Online]. Available: http://ra-foundation.org/ wp-content/uploads/2012/07/Effect-of-Crumb-Rubber- Modifiers-CRM-on-Performance-Related-Properties- of-Asphalt-Binders.pdf [accessed Mar. 27, 2015]. This research report summarizes the first phase of a study to determine the effect of crumb rubber modifiers on asphalt binders. Research was conducted on aging properties, ther- mal properties, and long-term storage properties, as well as information on classification using SHRP specifications. Brunette, B. and J. Lundy, “Use and Effects of Studded Tires on Oregon Pavements,” Transportation Research Record 1536, Transportation Research Board, National Research Council, Washington, D.C., 1996, pp. 64–72 [Online]. Available: http://preservingoregonsroads.org/wp-content/ uploads/2012/03/UseEffects.pdf [accessed Mar. 27, 2015]. This report is a follow up to a study conducted in 1974 regarding studded pavement tires and their effect on pave- ments in Oregon. Rutting information, studded tire traffic information, and additional pavement damage were ana- lyzed in an effort to better understand the effect that studded tires have and possible options to improve pavement perfor- mance in the future. Buttlar, W. and M. Harrell, “Development of End-Result and Performance-Related Specifications for Asphalt Pavement Construction in Illinois,” 1998 Transportation Conference Proceedings, 1998, pp. 195–202 [Online]. Available: http:// www.ctre.iastate.edu/pubs/crossroads/195development. pdf [accessed Feb. 20, 2015]. This report details the effort in Illinois to move toward performance-related specifications, The Illinois Depart- ment of Transportation established an incremental process to gradually move from end result specifications to PRS. The study identified that the development of relationships between the design of asphalt mixtures and the performance of asphalt mixtures is critical. These relationships were rec- ommended for monitoring over the longer term and com- pared with scientific data in order that they may be modified and improved as the PRS is perfected. To do so, a pilot study began in Illinois in 1996 and has been monitored annually for the measurement of rut depth, roughness, effective layer moduli, distress mapping, and serviceability data to develop relationships between as-designed sections of pavements and the performance of those roadway sections. Cosentino, P., Developing Specifications for Using Recycled Asphalt Pavement as Base, Subbase or General Fill Materi- als, Report BB-892, Florida Department of Transportation, Tallahassee, Mar. 2001 [Online]. Available: http://www.dot. state.fl.us/Research-Center/Completed_Proj/Summary_ SMO/FDOT_BB892.pdf [accessed Feb. 20, 2015]. This research report details a study for the Florida Depart- ment of Transportation regarding the use of recycled (or reclaimed) asphalt pavement as a fill material, which has not been a typical approach in the past. The study looked into the strength properties of RAP and the long-term storage properties at elevated temperatures. Evans, L., K. Smith, N. Gharaibeh, and M. Darter, Devel- opment and Implementation of a Performance-Related Specification for SR 9a, Florida: Final Report, FHWA- HIF-09-016, Federal Highway Administration, Washing- ton, D.C., Nov. 2008 [Online]. Available: http://www. fhwa.dot.gov/pavement/concrete/pubs/hif09016/ hif09016.pdf [accessed Feb. 20, 2015]. This document summarizes a study to evaluate a perfor- mance specification for jointed plain concrete pavement in Florida. The performance characteristics looked into were thickness, strength, and smoothness. Pay curves were also developed. Eurobitume, “Position Paper: Performance Related Specifi- cations for Bituminous Binders,” Eurobitume, Brussels, Belgium, Jan. 2012 [Online]. Available: http://www.euro bitume.eu/system/files/PRS-PositionPaper-January2012. pdf [accessed Mar. 27, 2015]. This paper provides a general outline of the industry’s sta- tus regarding bituminous binder specifications. In addition, recommendations for future research and directions that the industry needs to head regarding binder specifications are discussed. Federal Highway Administration (FHWA), Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement in Asphalt Mixtures: State of the Practice, FHWA-HRT-11-021, FHWA, Washington, D.C., April 2011 [Online]. Available: http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/ research/infrastructure/pavements/11021/002.cfm [accessed Mar. 14, 2015]. This is a report from FHWA detailing the state of the practice of using reclaimed asphalt pavements in asphalt mixtures. The report looks at seven surveys conducted between 2007 and 2009 regarding the use of RAP and compiles the data to present it in a way that summarizes RAP usage in the United States and Canada. Jacobs Engineering, London-wide Asphalt Specification: Guidance on the Selection and Recommendations for the Use of Road Surfacing Materials, London Technical Advi- sors Group and Transport for London, Sept. 2009 [Online]. Available: http://www.londoncouncils.gov.uk/London%20 Councils/LondonAsphaltSpecificationRevision.pdf [accessed Mar. 27, 2015]. Performance parameters are outlined for hot rolled asphalt mixtures in London, which only includes minor details for the Marshall Stability test.

64 Jensen, W. and M. Abdelrahman, Crumb Rubber in Performance-Graded Asphalt Binder, SPR-01 (05) P585, Nebraska Department of Roads, Grand Island, Nov. 2006 [Online]. Available: http://nlcs1.nlc.state.ne.us/epubs/ r6000/b016.0112-2006.pdf [accessed Feb. 22, 2015]. This report by the University of Nebraska studies the effects of adding crumb rubber to asphalt binders. Perfor- mance, stability, and workability are analyzed with vary- ing time and temperature considerations. Miller, J., A. Simpson, and D. Andrei, D., Performance-Based Specifications for HMA Pavements on Airfields, AAPTP Project 06-03, MACTEC Engineering and Consulting, Beltsville, Md., Sept. 2009 [Online]. Available: http:// www.aaptp.us/Report.Final.06-03.pdf [accessed Mar. 27, 2015]. This study outlines performance-based specifications for HMA mixtures for airfield pavements by discussing the material characteristics of HMA that play into perfor- mance, as well as the desired performance standards that should be met. In addition, the use of empirical models as compared with mechanistic-empirical models used to analyze pavement performance is discussed. New Jersey Department of Transportation (NJDOT), Accep- tance of Surface Course Rideability, Section 406.13, NJDOT, N.J., 2004 [Online]. Available: http://radio- weblogs.com/0132378/stories/2003/12/02/njdot SpecificationsSection406SuperpaveHma.html [accessed April 22, 2015]. This is a ride quality specification for HMA pavements in New Jersey, based on the International Roughness Index, which best correlates to user perception of ride quality, as opposed to the Profilograph Index or Rolling Straightedge. The key feature of this specification is that the incentive and disincentive pay adjustments for the various levels of ride quality were set based on expected pavement life (and associated cost of reconstruction) for those various levels of initial ride quality. This specification is a true perfor- mance specification, as it pertains to ride quality, in that the pay adjustments for initial measure ride quality are based on expected performance of the pavement. Ohio Department of Transportation, Introduction to Asphalt Pavement Design and Specifications, Flexible Pavements of Ohio, Columbus [Online]. Available: http://www. flexiblepavements.org/files/events/conferences/3-%20 IntroDesign.pdf [accessed Mar. 27, 2015]. This is a presentation by the Ohio DOT about the gen- eral use of flexible pavements. The function of flexible pavements, as well as design and construction goals, is discussed. Recommended Guide Specifications for Long Life Pavement Alternatives Using Existing Pavements, SHRP 2 R23 Guide Specifications, June 2013 [Online]. Available: http:// www.pavementrenewal.org/docs/GuideSpecifications.pdf [accessed Mar. 14, 2015]. This document takes a state-of-the-practice type of approach in summarizing the specifications used by various DOTs for existing pavements. Elements that could be added or elements that might provide supplemental help to organi- zations dealing with pavements are also included. In addi- tion, guide specifications not included in the AASHTO Guide Specifications are discussed, such as stone matrix asphalt, open-graded friction course, rubbilization of PCC, and saw, crack, and seat. Rosales-Herrera, V. I., J. A. Prozzi, and J. Prozzi, Mixture Design and Performance-Based Specifications for Cold Patching Mixtures, FHWA/TX-08/0-4872-2, Center for Transportation Research at the University of Texas at Austin, 2007 [Online]. Available: http://www.proline coldasphalt.com/ProLine%20Presentation.pdf [accessed Mar. 27, 2015]. This is a presentation that highlights the mixture designs and performance specifications for cold patching mix- tures sponsored by the Texas DOT. Six different materials were reviewed for use in cold patching and were tested for workability, stability, and cohesion on top of visual field inspections. Washington State Department of Transportation (WSDOT), Pavements and Studded Tire Damage, Washington State Department of Transportation State Materials Laboratory, Seattle, Mar. 2006 [Online]. Available: http://www.wsdot. wa.gov/NR/rdonlyres/098E61DC-AD06-486D-AFA2- 808207BCEE7E/0/PavementsStuddedTires.pdf [accessed Mar. 27, 2015]. This document investigated the status of studded tire dam- age to hot mix asphalt pavements in the state of Washington. A number of different types of roadways were investigated and used to demonstrate what studded tire damage looks like and how it affects the roadways and the users. The report concluded that technology is continually being developed to allow vehicles to drive over roadways and continually measure pavement damage. Weed, R. and K. Tabrizi, Conceptual Framework for Pavement Smoothness Specification, Paper No. 05-0922, CD ROM, 84th Annual Meeting of the Transportation Research Board, Washington, D.C., Jan. 2005, 26 pp. This paper presents the framework for the New Jersey IRI Ride Quality Specification for HMA pavements and high- lights the idea that pavements initially built smoother will outlast pavements with higher IRI values. It discusses the concept of relating expected pavement life to the initial percent defective pavement in terms of initial ride quality. Once the expected pavement life (based on ride quality) is known, specific dollar values can be assigned to the as- constructed ride quality based on the anticipated cost of future rehabilitation and reconstruction. The paper draws values of improvement in expected pavement life from FHWA studies that have correlated pavement life to initial smoothness.

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TRB's National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Synthesis 492: Performance Specifications for Asphalt Mixtures documents the performance tests used in conjunction with volumetric properties for mixtures. Performance tests are intended to extend service life by guiding material selection and proportions. The synthesis provides examples of engineering tools used in the development and implementation of performance specifications for asphalt mixtures, examples of the contents of performance-based specifications (PBS) currently used or in development, information on test program implementation and research efforts related to PBS for asphalt mixtures, and the reported benefits and challenges with implementing PBS.

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