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54 GLOSSARY Advisory Circular Instructions from the FAA on how to comply with federal aviation laws and regulations. After-action review A review, usually internal, conducted after response and recovery from an incident are complete for the purpose of evaluating perfor- mance and fine-tuning plans and procedures for future incidents. Air operations area Any area of the airport used or intended to be used for the landing, takeoff, or surface maneuvering of aircraft. Air traffic control The process by which aircraft are safely separated in the sky as they fly and at the airports where they land and take off. Air traffic control tower A tower at an airfield from which air traffic is controlled by radio and observed physically and by radar. Aircraft Rescue and Fire Fighting Specialized fire fighters, rescuers, procedures, and equipment to deal with aircraft accidents at an airport. Airport Community Emergency Response Team A Community Emergency Response Team (see entry) that is specially trained to assist in defined functions at the airport to which it is attached. Airport emergency plan A comprehensive plan for dealing with all hazards reasonably expected to affect a given airport, required for all Part 139 airports and recom- mended for all other airports. Command and control The exercise of authority and direction by a properly designated com- mander over assigned and attached forces in the accomplishment of the mission through an arrangement of personnel, equipment, com- munications, facilities, and procedures employed by a commander in planning, directing, coordinating, and controlling forces and opera- tions in the accomplishment of goals and objectives Communication The transmission of thoughts, messages, or information. Community Emergency Response Team (CERT) A key component of Citizen Corps, the CERT program trains citi- zens to be better prepared to respond to emergency situations in their communities. When emergencies occur, CERT members can provide critical support to first responders, provide immediate assistance to victims, and organize volunteers at a disaster site. Departmental operations center The operations center that supervises normal operations, emergency operations, or both for a department of a larger organization. Drill A coordinated, supervised activity usually used to test a single spe- cific operation or function in a single agency. Emergency Any occasion or instance that warrants action to save lives and protect property, public health, and safety. Emergency management The coordination and integration of all activities necessary to build, sustain, and improve the capabilities to prepare for, respond to, recover from, or mitigate against threatened or actual disasters or emergencies, regardless of cause. Emergency operations center A protected site from which emergency officials coordinate, monitor, and direct response activities during an emergency. Exercise A planned, staged implementation of the critical incident plan to eval- uate processes that work and identify those needing improvement. Federal Aviation Regulation Rules prescribed by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) gov- erning all aviation activities in the United States, the FARs are part of Title 14 of the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR). Full-scale exercise The most complex and resource-intensive type of exercise. They involve multiple agencies, organizations, and jurisdictions and validate many facets of preparedness. FSEs often include many players operating under cooperative systems such as the Incident Command System (ICS) or Unified Command.
55 Functional exercise An exercise that is designed to validate and evaluate capabilities, multiple functions and/or sub-functions, or interdependent groups of functions. Game A simulation of operations that often involves two or more teams, usu- ally in a competitive environment, using rules, data, and procedures designed to depict an actual or hypothetical situation. General aviation airport An airport that does not meet the criteria for classification as a com- mercial service airport may be included in the NPIAS as a general aviation airport if they account for enough activity (having usually at least 10 locally based aircraft) and are at least 20 miles from the nearest NPIAS airport Hub A very busy commercial service airport. Incident An occurrence or event, natural or manmade, that requires a response to protect life or property Incident action plan An organized course of events that addresses all phases of incident control within a specified time. An IAP is necessary to affect success- ful outcomes in any situation, especially emergency operations, in a timely manner. Incident command post The physical location of the Incident Commander Incident Command System A standardized organizational structure used to command, control, and coordinate the use of resources and personnel that have responded to the scene of an emergency Incident Commander The individual responsible for all incident activities, including devel- opment of strategies and tactics and ordering and release of resources. Incident Management Team An Incident Commander and the appropriate Command and General Staff personnel assigned to an incident, the level of training and experi- ence of the IMT members, coupled with the identified formal response requirements and responsibilities of the IMT, are factors in determining âtype,â or level, of IMT. Interoperability The ability of systems, personnel, and equipment to provide and receive functionality, data, information, and/or services to and from other sys- tems, personnel, and equipment, between both public and private agen- cies, departments, and other organizations, in a manner enabling them to operate effectively together. Large hub airport An airport with at least one percent of total U.S. passenger enplanements. Law enforcement officer A government employee responsible for the prevention, investiga- tion, apprehension, or detention of individuals suspected or convicted of offenses against the criminal laws. Mass care Actions taken to protect evacuees and other disaster victims from the effects of a disaster. Medium hub airport An airport with between 0.25 percent and 1 percent of total U.S. pas- senger enplanements. Mutual aid Reciprocal assistance by emergency services under a predetermined plan. Mutual aid agreement A voluntary, non-contractual arrangement to provide emergency or disaster assistance between two or more entities. It typically does not involve payment, reimbursement, liability, or mandatory responses. National Incident Management System A systematic, proactive approach guiding government agencies at all levels, the private sector, and nongovernmental organizations to pre- pare for, prevent, respond to, recover from, and mitigate the effects of incidents, regardless of cause, size, location, or complexity, in order to reduce the loss of life and property and reduce harm to the environment. National Plan of Integrated Airport Systems (NPIAS) A national airport plan prepared by the FAA in accordance with Sec- tion 47103 of Title 49 of the United States Code, NPIAS includes as primary and commercial service airports selected general aviation airports as well as all general aviation airports designated as reliever airports by the FAA.
56 Navigation aid (Navaid) Any visual or electronic device airborne or on the surface which pro- vides point-to-point guidance information or position data to aircraft in flight. Non-hub primary airport An airport that enplanes less than 0.05 percent of all commercial pas- senger enplanements but has more than 10,000 annual enplanements. Non-primary Commercial Service airport A non-hub airport with at least 2,500 and no more than 10,000 pas- sengers a year, typically an airport with commercial passenger ser- vice subsidized by the Essential Air Service Program Notice to Airmen A notice or advisory distributed by means of telecommunication containing information concerning the establishment, conditions or change in any aeronautical facility, service, procedure, or hazard, the timely knowledge of which is essential to personnel and systems con- cerned with flight operations. Operations and maintenance All the services required to assure that the built environment will per- form the functions for which a facility was designed and constructed. Part 139 airport An airport that serves scheduled and unscheduled air carrier aircraft with more than 30 seats, serves scheduled air carrier operations in air- craft with more than nine seats but less than 31 seats, and is required by the FAA Administrator to have a certificate for operation. Primary airport Public airports receiving scheduled passenger service and having more than 10,000 annual passenger enplanements. Public address system An electronic amplification system used as a communication system in public areas. Public information officer The person responsible for communicating with the public, media, and/or coordinating with other agencies, as necessary, with incident- related information requirements. Public relations The practice of managing the dissemination of information between an individual or organization and the public. Reliever airports A high-capacity general aviation airport in a major metropolitan area, such airports must have 100 or more based aircraft or 25,000 annual itinerant operations, the FAA officially designates reliever airports. Risk analysis The systematic objective examination or reexamination of the risks and hazards that may affect a facility, program, operation, or procedure. Seminar (exercise) A discussion-based exercise to orient participants or provide an over- view of authorities, strategies, plans, policies, procedures, protocols, resources, concepts, and ideas. Small hub airport An airport with 0.05 percent to 0.25 percent of total U.S. passenger enplanements. Tabletop exercise An activity that involves key personnel discussing simulated scenarios in an informal setting. This type of exercise can be used to assess plans, policies, and procedures or to assess the systems needed to guide the prevention of, response to, and recovery from a defined incident. TTXs are typically aimed at facilitating understanding of concepts, identifying strengths and shortfalls, and generating positive changes in attitude. Participants are encouraged to discuss issues in depth and develop solutions through slow-paced problem solving as opposed to the rapid, spontaneous decision making that occurs under actual or simulated emergency conditions. Unified Command The Unified Command organization operating within NIMS consists of the Incident Commanders from the various jurisdictions or organi- zations operating together to form a single command structure. Workshop (exercise) A discussion-based exercise similar to a seminar except that partici- pant interaction is increased, and the focus is placed on achieving or building a product.