Suggested Citation:"Appendix C Derivation of AEGL Values for Selected Chloroformates." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2016. Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Selected Airborne Chemicals: Volume 20. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/23634.
×
Appendix C
Derivation of AEGL Values for Selected Chloroformates
Methyl Chloroformate
Derivation of AEGL-1 Values for Methyl Chloroformate
Insufficient data were available on methyl chloroformate to derive AEGL-1 values, so no values are recommended.
Derivation of AEGL-2 Values for Methyl Chloroformate
Insufficient data were available on methyl chloroformate to derive AEGL-2 values. In the absence of relevant data, AEGL-2 values were estimated by dividing the AEGL-3 values for methyl chloroformate by 3.
| Calculations: | |
| 10-min AEGL-2: | 12 ppm ÷ 3 = 4.0 ppm |
| 30-min AEGL-2: | 8.5 ppm ÷ 3 = 2.8 ppm |
| 1-h AEGL-2: | 6.7 ppm ÷ 3 = 2.2 ppm |
| 4-h AEGL-2: | 4.2 ppm ÷ 3 = 1.4 ppm |
| 8-h AEGL-2: | 2.1 ppm ÷ 3 = 0.70 ppm |
Derivation of AEGL-3 Values for Methyl Chloroformate
| Key study: | Hoechst. 1986. Chloroformic Acid Methyl Ester. Inhalation Toxicity in the Flow Through System in Male and Female SPF Wistar Rats. 4-hour LC50. Hollander, H., Weigland, W, Mayer, D., Langer, K.H. Hoechst Pharmaceutical Research Toxicology. Report No. 86.0432. April 11, 1986. |
Suggested Citation:"Appendix C Derivation of AEGL Values for Selected Chloroformates." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2016. Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Selected Airborne Chemicals: Volume 20. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/23634.
×
| Toxicity end point: | Lethality threshold in rats (4-h BMCL05 of 42.4 ppm) |
| Time scaling: | Cn × t = k; default values of n = 3 for extrapolating to shorter durations and n = 1 for extrapolating to longer durations (NRC 2001). (42.4 ppm)3 × 4 h = 304,900 ppm-h (42.4 ppm)1 × 4 h = 170 ppm-h |
| Uncertainty factors: | 3 for interspecies differences 3 for intraspecies variability |
| Calculations: | Point of departure ÷ product of the uncertainty factors |
| 10-min AEGL-3: | C3 × 0.167 h = 304,900 ppm-h C3 = 1,825,748 ppm C = 122 ppm 122 ppm ÷ 10 = 12 ppm |
| 30-min AEGL-3: | C3 × 0.5 h = 304,900 ppm-h C3 = 609,800 ppm C = 84.8 ppm 84.8 ppm ÷ 10 = 8.5 ppm |
| 1-h AEGL-3: | C3 × 1 h = 304,900 ppm-h C3 = 304,900 ppm C = 67.3 ppm 67.3 ppm ÷ 10 = 6.7 ppm |
| 4-h AEGL-3: | 42.4 ppm ÷ 10 = 4.2 ppm |
| 8-h AEGL-3: | C1 × 8 h = 170 ppm-h C1 = 21.2 ppm C = 21.2 ppm 21 ppm ÷ 10 = 2.1 ppm |
Ethyl Chloroformate
Derivation of AEGL-1 Values for Ethyl Chloroformate
Insufficient data were available on ethyl chloroformate to derive AEGL-1 values, so no values are recommended.
Suggested Citation:"Appendix C Derivation of AEGL Values for Selected Chloroformates." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2016. Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Selected Airborne Chemicals: Volume 20. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/23634.
×
Derivation of AEGL-2 Values for Ethyl Chloroformate
Insufficient data were available on ethyl chloroformate to derive AEGL-2 values. In the absence of relevant data, AEGL-2 values were estimated by dividing the AEGL-3 values for ethyl chloroformate by 3.
| Calculations: | |
| 10-min AEGL-2: | 8.8 ppm ÷ 3 = 2.9 ppm |
| 30-min AEGL-2: | 6.1 ppm ÷ 3 = 2.0 ppm |
| 1-h AEGL-2: | 4.8 ppm ÷ 3 = 1.6 ppm |
| 4-h AEGL-2: | 1.2 ppm ÷ 3 = 0.40 ppm |
| 8-h AEGL-2: | 0.60 ppm ÷ 3 = 0.20 ppm |
Derivation of AEGL-3 Values for Ethyl Chloroformate
| Key study: | Vernot, E.H., J.D. MacEwen, C.C. Haun, and E.R. Kinkead. 1977. Acute toxicity and skin corrosion data for some organic and inorganic compounds and aqueous solutions. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 42:417-424. |
| Toxicity end point: | Lethality threshold; estimated LC01 (LC50 ÷ 3) from a 1-h exposure in male rats. LC50 = 145 ppm; 145 ppm ÷ 3 = 48.3 ppm (point of departure) |
| Time scaling: | Cn × t = k; default values of n = 3 for extrapolating to shorter durations and n = 1 for extrapolating to longer durations (NRC 2001). (48.3 ppm)3 × 1 h = 112,769 ppm-h (48.3 ppm)1 × 1 h = 48.3 ppm-h |
| Uncertainty factors: | 3 for interspecies differences 3 for intraspecies variability |
| Calculations: | Point of departure ÷ product of the uncertainty factors |
Suggested Citation:"Appendix C Derivation of AEGL Values for Selected Chloroformates." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2016. Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Selected Airborne Chemicals: Volume 20. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/23634.
×
| 10-min AEGL-3: | C3 × 0.167 h = 112,769 ppm-h C3 = 675,263 ppm C = 87.7 ppm 87.7 ppm ÷ 10 = 8.8 ppm |
| 30-min AEGL-3: | C3 × 0.5 h = 112,769 ppm-h C3 = 225,538 ppm C = 60.9 ppm 60.9 ppm ÷ 10 = 6.1 ppm |
| 1-h AEGL-3: | 48.3 ppm ÷ 10 = 4.8 ppm |
| 4-h AEGL-3: | C1 × 4 h = 48.3 ppm-h C1 = 12 ppm C = 12 ppm 12 ppm ÷ 10 = 1.2 ppm |
| 8-h AEGL-3: | C1 × 8 h = 48.3 ppm-h C1 = 6.0 ppm C = 6.0 ppm 6.0 ppm ÷ 10 = 0.60 ppm |
Isopropyl Chloroformate
Derivation of AEGL-1 Values for Isopropyl Chloroformate
Insufficient data were available on isopropyl chloroformate to derive AEGL-1 values, so no values are recommended.
Derivation of AEGL-2 Values for Isopropyl Chloroformate
Insufficient data were available on isopropyl chloroformate to derive AEGL-2 values. In the absence of relevant data, AEGL-2 values were estimated by dividing the AEGL-3 values for isopropyl chloroformate by 3.
| Calculations: | |
| 10-min AEGL-2: | 11 ppm ÷ 3 = 3.7 ppm |
| 30-min AEGL-2: | 11 ppm ÷ 3 = 3.7 ppm |
| 1-h AEGL-2: | 9.1 ppm ÷ 3 = 3.0 ppm |
Suggested Citation:"Appendix C Derivation of AEGL Values for Selected Chloroformates." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2016. Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Selected Airborne Chemicals: Volume 20. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/23634.
×
| 4-h AEGL-2: | 5.7 ppm ÷ 3 = 1.9 ppm |
| 8-h AEGL-2: | 3.8 ppm ÷ 3 = 1.3 ppm |
Derivation of AEGL-3 Values for Isopropyl Chloroformate
| Key study: | Collins, C.J., and B.G. Proctor. 1984. A 5-day Range-Finding Inhalation Toxicity Study of Isopropyl Chloroformate in the Albino Rat. Draft Report. Prepared by Bio-Research Laboratories, Ltd.: Quebec, Canada. Prepared for PPG Industries, Pittsburgh, PA. |
| Toxicity end point: | Concentration causing no mortality in male and female rats exposed for 6 h/day for 5 days (50 ppm) |
| Time scaling: | Cn × t = k; default values of n = 3 for extrapolating to shorter durations and n = 1 for extrapolating to longer durations (NRC 2001). (50 ppm)3 × 6 h = 750,000 ppm-h (50 ppm)1 × 6 h = 300 ppm-h |
| Uncertainty factors: | 3 for interspecies differences 3 for intraspecies variability |
| Calculations: | Point of departure ÷ product of the uncertainty factors |
| 10-min AEGL-3: | 11 ppm (set equal to 30-min AEGL-3 value, because of the uncertainty associated with extrapolating a 6-h point-of-departure to a 10-min value) |
| 30-min AEGL-3: | C3 × 0.5 h = 750,000 ppm-h C3 = 1,500,000 ppm C = 114 ppm 114 ppm ÷ 10 = 11 ppm |
| 1-h AEGL-3: | C3 × 1 h = 750,000 ppm-h C3 = 750,000 ppm C = 90.9 ppm 90.9 ppm ÷ 10 = 9.1 ppm |
Suggested Citation:"Appendix C Derivation of AEGL Values for Selected Chloroformates." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2016. Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Selected Airborne Chemicals: Volume 20. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/23634.
×
| 4-h AEGL-3: | C3 × 4 h = 750,000 ppm-h C3 = 187,500 ppm C = 57.2 ppm 57.2 ppm ÷ 10 = 5.7 ppm |
| 8-h AEGL-3: | C1 × 8 h = 300 ppm-h C1 = 37.5 ppm 37.5 ppm ÷ 10 = 3.8 ppm |
n-Propyl Chloroformate
Derivation of AEGL-1 Values for n-Propyl Chloroformate
Insufficient data were available on propyl chloroformate to derive AEGL-1 values, so no values are recommended.
Derivation of AEGL-2 Values for n-Propyl Chloroformate
AEGL-2 values for propyl chloroformate were set equal to AEGL-2 values for isopropyl chloroformate, because of the inadequate data on propyl chloroformate and the similar toxicity of the two chemicals.
| Calculations: | |
| 10-min AEGL-2: | 3.7 ppm |
| 30-min AEGL-2: | 3.7 ppm |
| 1-h AEGL-2: | 3.0 ppm |
| 4-h AEGL-2: | 1.9 ppm |
| 8-h AEGL-2: | 1.3 ppm |
Derivation of AEGL-3 Values for n-Propyl Chloroformate
AEGL-3 values for n-propyl chloroformate were set equal to AEGL-3 values for isopropyl chloroformate, because of the inadequate data on n-propyl chloroformate and the similar toxicity of the two chemicals.
Suggested Citation:"Appendix C Derivation of AEGL Values for Selected Chloroformates." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2016. Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Selected Airborne Chemicals: Volume 20. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/23634.
×
| Calculations: | |
| 10-min AEGL-3: | 11 ppm |
| 30-min AEGL-3: | 11 ppm |
| 1-h AEGL-3: | 9.1 ppm |
| 4-h AEGL-3: | 5.7 ppm |
| 8-h AEGL-3: | 3.8 ppm |
Allyl Chloroformate
Derivation of AEGL-1 Values for Allyl Chloroformate
Insufficient data were available on allyl chloroformate to derive AEGL-1 values, so no values are recommended.
Derivation of AEGL-2 Values for Allyl Chloroformate
Insufficient data were available on allyl chloroformate to derive AEGL-2 values. In the absence of relevant data, AEGL-2 values were estimated by dividing the AEGL-3 values for allyl chloroformate by 3.
| Calculations: | |
| 10-min AEGL-2: | 3.8 ppm ÷ 3 = 1.3 ppm |
| 30-min AEGL-2: | 2.6 ppm ÷ 3 = 0.87 ppm |
| 1-h AEGL-2: | 2.1 ppm ÷ 3 = 0.70 ppm |
| 4-h AEGL-2: | 0.53 ppm ÷ 3 = 0.18 ppm |
| 8-h AEGL-2: | 0.26 ppm ÷ 3 = 0.09 ppm |
Derivation of AEGL-3 Values for Allyl Chloroformate
| Key study: | Stillmeadow Inc. 1987. Rat Acute Inhalation Toxicity: Allyl Chloroformate. Stillmeadow, Inc. Biological Testing Laboratory: Houston, TX. Project No. 4438-86. Report Submitted to PPG |
Suggested Citation:"Appendix C Derivation of AEGL Values for Selected Chloroformates." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2016. Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Selected Airborne Chemicals: Volume 20. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/23634.
×
| Industries, Inc.: Chicago, IL. February 19, 1987. OTS0536028. | |
| Toxicity end point: | Lethality threshold (1-h rat BMCL05 = 21 ppm) |
| Time scaling: | Cn × t = k; default values of n = 3 for extrapolating to shorter durations and n = 1 for extrapolating to longer durations (NRC 2001). (21 ppm)3 × 1 h = 9,261 ppm-h (21 ppm)1 × 1 h = 21 ppm-h |
| Uncertainty factors: | 3 for interspecies differences 3 for intraspecies variability |
| Calculations: | Point of departure ÷ product of the uncertainty factors |
| 10-min AEGL-3: | C3 × 0.167 h = 9,261 ppm-h C3 = 55,455 ppm C = 38 ppm 38 ppm ÷ 10 = 3.8 ppm |
| 30-min AEGL-3: | C3 × 0.5 h = 9,261 ppm-h C3 = 18,522 ppm C = 26.4 ppm 26.4 ppm ÷ 10 = 2.6 ppm |
| 1-h AEGL-3: | 21 ppm ÷ 10 = 2.1 ppm |
| 4-h AEGL-3: | C1 × 4 h = 21 ppm-h C1 = 5.25 ppm C = 5.25 ppm 5.25 ppm ÷ 10 = 0.53 ppm |
| 8-h AEGL-3: | C1 × 8 h = 21 ppm-h C1 = 2.63 ppm C = 2.63 ppm 2.63 ppm ÷ 10 = 0.26 ppm |
n-Butyl Chloroformate, Isobutyl
Chloroformate, and sec-Butyl Chloroformate
Data were insufficient to derive AEGL values for isobutyl or sec-butyl chloroformate. Because these two compounds are structural analogs of n-butyl
Suggested Citation:"Appendix C Derivation of AEGL Values for Selected Chloroformates." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2016. Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Selected Airborne Chemicals: Volume 20. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/23634.
×
chloroformate and because they appear to have similar toxicity, the AEGL values for n-butyl chloroformate were adopted for these chemicals. The section below shows how the values for n-butyl chloroformate were derived.
Derivation of AEGL-1 Values for n-Butyl Chloroformate
Insufficient data were available on n-butyl chloroformate to derive AEGL-1 values, so no values are recommended. No values are also recommended for isobutyl chloroformate or sec-butyl chloroformate.
Derivation of AEGL-2 Values for n-Butyl Chloroformate
Insufficient data were available on n-butyl chloroformate to derive AEGL-2 values. In the absence of relevant data, AEGL-2 values were estimated by dividing the AEGL-3 values for n-butyl chloroformate by 3. The values were also applied to isobutyl chloroformate and sec-butyl chloroformate.
| Calculations: | |
| 10-min AEGL-2: | 12 ppm ÷ 3 = 4.0 ppm |
| 30-min AEGL-2: | 8.4 ppm ÷ 3 = 2.8 ppm |
| 1-h AEGL-2: | 6.7 ppm ÷ 3 = 2.2 ppm |
| 4-h AEGL-2: | 1.7 ppm ÷ 3 = 0.57 ppm |
| 8-h AEGL-2: | 0.83 ppm ÷ 3 = 0.28 ppm |
Derivation of AEGL-3 Values for n-Butyl Chloroformate
| Key study: | BASF. 1970. BASF AG, Gewerbehygienisch-Pharmakologisches Institut. n-Butylchlorokohlensaureester-Gewerbetoxikologische Vorprufung. Unpublished Report No. XIX 352 |
| Toxicity end point: | Estimated 1-h lethality threshold in rats (66.7 ppm) 4/10 rats died after exposure at 200 ppm for 1 h; lethality threshold was estimated by taking one-third of that concentration (200 ppm ÷ 3 = 66.7 ppm). |
Suggested Citation:"Appendix C Derivation of AEGL Values for Selected Chloroformates." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2016. Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Selected Airborne Chemicals: Volume 20. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/23634.
×
| Time scaling: | Cn × t = k; default values of n = 3 for extrapolating to shorter durations and n = 1 for extrapolating to longer durations (NRC 2001). (66.7 ppm)3 × 1 h = 296,741 ppm-h (66.7 ppm)1 × 1 h = 66.7 ppm-h |
| Uncertainty factors: | 3 for interspecies differences 3 for intraspecies variability |
| Calculations: | Point of departure ÷ product of the uncertainty factors |
| 10-min AEGL-3: | C3 × 0.167 h = 296,741 ppm-h C3 = 1,776,892 ppm C = 121 ppm 121 ppm ÷ 10 = 12 ppm |
| 30-min AEGL-3: | C3 × 0.5 h = 296,741 ppm-h C3 = 593,482 ppm C = 84.0 ppm 84.0 ppm ÷ 10 = 8.4 ppm |
| 1-h AEGL-3: | 66.7 ppm ÷ 10 = 6.7 ppm |
| 4-h AEGL-3: | C1 × 4 h = 66.7 ppm-h C1 = 16.8 ppm C = 16.8 ppm 16.8 ppm ÷ 10 = 1.7 ppm |
| 8-h AEGL-3: | C1 × 8 h = 66.7 ppm-h C1 = 8.34 ppm C = 8.34 ppm 8.34 ppm ÷ 10 = 0.83 ppm |
AEGL-3 values for n-butyl chloroformate were also applied to isobutyl chloroformate and sec-butyl chloroformate.
Benzyl Chloroformate
Derivation of AEGL-1 Values for Benzyl Chloroformate
Insufficient data were available on benzyl chloroformate to derive AEGL-1 values, so no values are recommended.
Suggested Citation:"Appendix C Derivation of AEGL Values for Selected Chloroformates." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2016. Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Selected Airborne Chemicals: Volume 20. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/23634.
×
Derivation of AEGL-2 Values for Benzyl Chloroformate
Insufficient data were available on benzyl chloroformate to derive AEGL-2 values. In the absence of relevant data, AEGL-2 values were estimated by dividing the AEGL-3 values for benzyl chloroformate by 3.
| Calculations: | |
| 10-min AEGL-2: | 3.7 ppm ÷ 3 = 1.2 ppm |
| 30-min AEGL-2: | 3.7 ppm ÷ 3 = 1.2 ppm |
| 1-h AEGL-2: | 2.9 ppm ÷ 3 = 0.97 ppm |
| 4-h AEGL-2: | 1.9 ppm ÷ 3 = 0.63 ppm |
| 8-h AEGL-2: | 0.93 ppm ÷ 3 = 0.31 ppm |
Derivation of AEGL-3 Values for Benzyl Chloroformate
| Key study: | BASF. 1990. Study on the Acute Inhalation Toxicity LC50 of Benzyl Chloroformate as a Vapor in Rats, 4-Hour Exposure. Project No. 13I0674/887075. Unpublished report, BASF Aktiengesellschaft, Experimental Toxicology and Ecology: Ludwigshafen, Germany. February 15, 1990. |
| Toxicity end point: | Concentration causing no mortality in 4-h rat study (18.6 ppm) |
| Time scaling: | Cn × t = k; default values of n = 3 for extrapolating to shorter durations and n = 1 for extrapolating to longer durations (NRC 2001). (18.6 ppm)3 × 4 h = 25,739 ppm-h (18.6 ppm)1 × 4 h = 74.4 ppm-h |
| Uncertainty factors: | 3 for interspecies differences 3 for intraspecies variability |
| Calculations: | Point of departure ÷ product of the uncertainty factors |
Suggested Citation:"Appendix C Derivation of AEGL Values for Selected Chloroformates." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2016. Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Selected Airborne Chemicals: Volume 20. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/23634.
×
| 10-min AEGL-3: | 3.7 ppm (set equal to 30-min AEGL-3 value, because of the uncertainty associated with extrapolating a 4-h point-of-departure to a 10-min value) |
| 30-min AEGL-3: | C3 × 0.5 h = 25,739 ppm-h C3 = 51,478 ppm C = 37.2 ppm 37.2 ppm ÷ 10 = 3.7 ppm |
| 1-h AEGL-3: | C3 × 1 h = 25,739 ppm-h C3 = 25,739 ppm C = 29.5 ppm 29 ppm ÷ 10 = 2.9 ppm |
| 4-h AEGL-3: | 18.6 ppm ÷ 10 = 1.9 ppm |
| 8-h AEGL-3: | C1 × 8 h = 74.4 ppm-h C1 = 9.3 ppm C = 9.3 ppm 9.3 ppm ÷ 10 = 0.93 ppm |
Phenyl Chloroformate
Derivation of AEGL-1 Values for Phenyl Chloroformate
Insufficient data were available on phenyl chloroformate to derive AEGL-1 values, so no values are recommended.
Derivation of AEGL-2 Values for Phenyl Chloroformate
Insufficient data were available on phenyl chloroformate to derive AEGL-2 values. In the absence of relevant data, AEGL-2 values were estimated by dividing the AEGL-3 values for phenyl chloroformate by 3.
| Calculations: | |
| 10-min AEGL-2: | 0.72 ppm ÷ 3 = 0.24 ppm |
| 30-min AEGL-2: | 0.72 ppm ÷ 3 = 0.24 ppm |
| 1-h AEGL-2: | 0.57 ppm ÷ 3 = 0.19 ppm |
Suggested Citation:"Appendix C Derivation of AEGL Values for Selected Chloroformates." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2016. Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Selected Airborne Chemicals: Volume 20. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/23634.
×
| 4-h AEGL-2: | 0.36 ppm ÷ 3 = 0.12 ppm |
| 8-h AEGL-2: | 0.18 ppm ÷ 3 = 0.06 ppm |
Derivation of AEGL-3 Values for Phenyl Chloroformate
| Key studies: | BASF. 1990. Study on the Acute Inhalation Toxicity LC50 of Phenyl Chloroformate as a Vapor in Rats, 4-Hour Exposure. Project No. 13I0675/887076. Unpublished report, BASF Aktiengesellschaft, Experimental Toxicology and Ecology: Ludwigshafen, Germany. January 18, 1990. |
| Hoechst. 1989. Chloroformic Acid Phenyl Ester. Aerosol Inhalation Toxicity in Male and Female SPF Wistar Rats. 4-Hour LC50. Hofmann, T. Hoechst Pharmaceutical Research Toxicology. Report No. 89.0761. April 26, 1989. | |
| Toxicity end point: | Lethality threshold (4-h rat BMCL05 = 3.6 ppm) |
| Time scaling: | Cn × t = k; default values of n = 3 for extrapolating to shorter durations and n = 1 for extrapolating to longer durations (NRC 2001). (3.6 ppm)3 × 4 h = 186.7 ppm-h (3.6 ppm)1 × 4 h = 14.4 ppm-h |
| Uncertainty factors: | 3 for interspecies differences 3 for intraspecies variability |
| Calculations: | Point of departure ÷ product of the uncertainty factors |
| 10-min AEGL-3: | 0.72 ppm (set equal to 30-min AEGL-3 value, because of the uncertainty associated with extrapolating a 4-h point-of-departure to a 10-min value) |
| 30-min AEGL-3: | C3 × 0.5 h = 186.7 ppm-h C3 = 373.4 ppm C = 7.2 ppm 7.2 ppm ÷ 10 = 0.72 ppm |
Suggested Citation:"Appendix C Derivation of AEGL Values for Selected Chloroformates." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2016. Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Selected Airborne Chemicals: Volume 20. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/23634.
×
| 1-h AEGL-3: | C3 × 1 h = 186.7 ppm-h C3 = 186.7 ppm C = 5.7 ppm 5.7 ppm ÷ 10 = 0.57 ppm |
| 4-h AEGL-3: | 3.6 ppm ÷ 10 = 0.36 ppm |
| 8-h AEGL-3: | C1 × 8 h = 14.4 ppm-h C1 = 1.8 ppm C = 1.8 ppm 1.8 ppm ÷ 10 = 0.18 ppm |
2-Ethylhexyl Chloroformate
Derivation of AEGL-1 Values for 2-Ethylhexyl Chloroformate
Insufficient data were available on 2-ethylhexyl chloroformate to derive AEGL-1 values, so no values are recommended.
Derivation of AEGL-2 Values for 2-Ethylhexyl Chloroformate
Insufficient data were available on 2-ethylhexyl chloroformate to derive AEGL-2 values. In the absence of relevant data, AEGL-2 values were estimated by dividing the AEGL-3 values for 2-ethylhexyl chloroformate by 3.
| Calculations: | |
| 10-min AEGL-2: | 3.6 ppm ÷ 3 = 1.2 ppm |
| 30-min AEGL-2: | 3.6 ppm ÷ 3 = 1.2 ppm |
| 1-h AEGL-2: | 2.9 ppm ÷ 3 = 0.97 ppm |
| 4-h AEGL-2: | 1.8 ppm ÷ 3 = 0.60 ppm |
| 8-h AEGL-2: | 0.91 ppm ÷ 3 = 0.30 ppm |
Derivation of AEGL-3 Values for 2-Ethylhexyl Chloroformate
| Key study: | BASF. 1985. Acute Inhalation Toxicity LC50 for a 4-Hour Exposure (Rats), Vapor Test of 2-Ethylhexyl Chloroformate. Unpublished report, BASF Aktiengesellschaft, Experimental Toxicology |
Suggested Citation:"Appendix C Derivation of AEGL Values for Selected Chloroformates." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2016. Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Selected Airborne Chemicals: Volume 20. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/23634.
×
| and Ecology: Ludwigshafen, Germany. February 8, 1985. | |
| Toxicity end point: | Lethality threshold (4-h rat BMCL05 [18.1 ppm]) |
| Time scaling: | Cn × t = k; default values of n = 3 for extrapolating to shorter durations and n = 1 for extrapolating to longer durations (NRC 2001). (18.1 ppm)3 × 4 h = 23,719 ppm-h (18.1 ppm)1 × 4 h = 72.4 ppm-h |
| Uncertainty factors: | 3 for interspecies differences 3 for intraspecies variability |
| Calculations: | Point of departure ÷ product of the uncertainty factors |
| 10-min AEGL-3: | 3.6 ppm (set equal to 30-min AEGL-3 value, because of the uncertainty associated with extrapolating a 4-h point-of-departure to a 10-min value) |
| 30-min AEGL-3: | C3 × 0.5 h = 23,719 ppm-h C3 = 47,438 ppm C = 36.2 ppm 36.2 ppm ÷ 10 = 3.6 ppm |
| 1-h AEGL-3: | C3 × 1 h = 23,719 ppm-h C3 = 23,719 ppm C = 28.7 ppm 28.7 ppm ÷ 10 = 2.9 ppm |
| 4-h AEGL-3: | 18.6 ppm ÷ 10 = 1.8 ppm |
| 8-h AEGL-3: | C1 × 8 h = 72.4 ppm-h C1 = 9.1 ppm C = 9.1 ppm 9.1 ppm ÷ 10 = 0.91 ppm |
Suggested Citation:"Appendix C Derivation of AEGL Values for Selected Chloroformates." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2016. Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Selected Airborne Chemicals: Volume 20. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/23634.
×
Ethyl Chlorothioformate
Derivation of AEGL-1 Values for Ethyl Chlorothioformate
Insufficient data were available on ethyl chlorothioformate to derive AEGL-1 values, so no values are recommended.
Derivation of AEGL-2 Values for Ethyl Chlorothioformate
Insufficient data were available on ethyl chlorothioformate to derive AEGL-2 values. In the absence of relevant data, AEGL-2 values were estimated by dividing the AEGL-3 values for ethyl chlorothioformate by 3.
| Calculations: | |
| 10-min AEGL-2: | 3.0 ppm ÷ 3 = 1.0 ppm |
| 30-min AEGL-2: | 3.0 ppm ÷ 3 = 1.0 ppm |
| 1-h AEGL-2: | 2.4 ppm ÷ 3 = 0.80 ppm |
| 4-h AEGL-2: | 1.5 ppm ÷ 3 = 0.50 ppm |
| 8-h AEGL-2: | 0.75 ppm ÷ 3 = 0.25 ppm |
Derivation of AEGL-3 Values for Ethyl Chlorothioformate
| Key study: | Stauffer Chemical Company. 1983. Acute Inhalation Toxicity of Ethyl Chlorothioformate in Rats (T-10710). Environmental Health Center Inhalation Facility. Stauffer Chemical Company: Farmington, CT. OTS0538464. |
| Toxicity end point: | Estimated 4-h lethality threshold of 15 ppm in rats (LC50 = 45 ppm; 45 ppm ÷ 3) |
| Time scaling: | Cn × t = k; default values of n = 3 for extrapolating to shorter durations and n = 1 for extrapolating to longer durations (NRC 2001). (15 ppm)3 × 4 h = 13,500 ppm-h (15 ppm)1 × 4 h = 60 ppm-h |
Suggested Citation:"Appendix C Derivation of AEGL Values for Selected Chloroformates." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2016. Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Selected Airborne Chemicals: Volume 20. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/23634.
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| Uncertainty factors: | 3 for interspecies differences 3 for intraspecies variability |
| Calculations: | Point of departure ÷ product of the uncertainty factors |
| 10-min AEGL-3: | 3.0 ppm (set equal to 30-min AEGL-3 value, because of the uncertainty associated with extrapolating a 4-h point-of-departure to a 10-min value) |
| 30-min AEGL-3: | C3 × 0.5 h = 13,500 ppm-h C3 = 27,000 ppm C = 30 ppm 30 ppm ÷ 10 = 3.0 ppm |
| 1-h AEGL-3: | C3 × 1 h = 13,500 ppm-h C3 = 13,500 ppm C = 23.8 ppm 23.8 ppm ÷ 10 = 2.4 ppm |
| 4-h AEGL-3: | 15 ppm ÷ 10 = 1.5 ppm |
| 8-h AEGL-3: | C1 × 8 h = 60 ppm-h C1 = 7.5 ppm C = 7.5 ppm 7.5 ÷ 10 = 0.75 ppm |
Suggested Citation:"Appendix C Derivation of AEGL Values for Selected Chloroformates." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2016. Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Selected Airborne Chemicals: Volume 20. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/23634.
×
Suggested Citation:"Appendix C Derivation of AEGL Values for Selected Chloroformates." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2016. Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Selected Airborne Chemicals: Volume 20. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/23634.
×
Suggested Citation:"Appendix C Derivation of AEGL Values for Selected Chloroformates." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2016. Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Selected Airborne Chemicals: Volume 20. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/23634.
×
Suggested Citation:"Appendix C Derivation of AEGL Values for Selected Chloroformates." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2016. Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Selected Airborne Chemicals: Volume 20. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/23634.
×
Suggested Citation:"Appendix C Derivation of AEGL Values for Selected Chloroformates." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2016. Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Selected Airborne Chemicals: Volume 20. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/23634.
×
Suggested Citation:"Appendix C Derivation of AEGL Values for Selected Chloroformates." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2016. Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Selected Airborne Chemicals: Volume 20. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/23634.
×
Suggested Citation:"Appendix C Derivation of AEGL Values for Selected Chloroformates." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2016. Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Selected Airborne Chemicals: Volume 20. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/23634.
×
Suggested Citation:"Appendix C Derivation of AEGL Values for Selected Chloroformates." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2016. Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Selected Airborne Chemicals: Volume 20. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/23634.
×
Suggested Citation:"Appendix C Derivation of AEGL Values for Selected Chloroformates." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2016. Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Selected Airborne Chemicals: Volume 20. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/23634.
×
Suggested Citation:"Appendix C Derivation of AEGL Values for Selected Chloroformates." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2016. Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Selected Airborne Chemicals: Volume 20. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/23634.
×
Suggested Citation:"Appendix C Derivation of AEGL Values for Selected Chloroformates." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2016. Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Selected Airborne Chemicals: Volume 20. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/23634.
×
Suggested Citation:"Appendix C Derivation of AEGL Values for Selected Chloroformates." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2016. Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Selected Airborne Chemicals: Volume 20. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/23634.
×
Suggested Citation:"Appendix C Derivation of AEGL Values for Selected Chloroformates." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2016. Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Selected Airborne Chemicals: Volume 20. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/23634.
×
Suggested Citation:"Appendix C Derivation of AEGL Values for Selected Chloroformates." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2016. Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Selected Airborne Chemicals: Volume 20. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/23634.
×
Suggested Citation:"Appendix C Derivation of AEGL Values for Selected Chloroformates." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2016. Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Selected Airborne Chemicals: Volume 20. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/23634.
×
Suggested Citation:"Appendix C Derivation of AEGL Values for Selected Chloroformates." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2016. Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Selected Airborne Chemicals: Volume 20. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/23634.
×
Suggested Citation:"Appendix C Derivation of AEGL Values for Selected Chloroformates." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2016. Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Selected Airborne Chemicals: Volume 20. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/23634.
×
