Appendix A
Acronyms and Abbreviations
αTOC |
α-tocopherol |
µg |
microgram or micrograms |
AAP |
American Academy of Pediatrics |
ACC |
American College of Cardiology |
ADA |
American Diabetes Association |
AHA |
American Heart Association |
AHRQ |
Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality |
AI |
Adequate Intake |
AMDR |
acceptable macronutrient distribution range |
AND |
Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics |
ARA |
arachidonic acid |
ARS |
Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture |
BF |
breastfeeding/breastfed |
BLS |
U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics |
BLUP |
best linear unbiased predictor |
BMI |
body mass index |
c |
cup or cups |
CACFP |
Child and Adult Care Food Program |
CCRP |
California Cancer Research Program |
CDC |
U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention |
CDHS |
California Department of Health Services |
C.F.R. |
Code of Federal Regulations |
CG |
comparison group |
CNPP |
Center for Nutrition Policy and Promotion, U.S. Department of Agriculture |
COU |
calorie for other uses |
CPI |
Consumer Price Index |
CPS |
Current Population Survey |
CVD |
cardiovascular disease |
CVV |
cash value voucher |
d |
day or days |
DASH |
Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension |
DE |
design effect |
DFE |
dietary folate equivalent |
DGA |
Dietary Guidelines for Americans |
DGAC |
Dietary Guidelines Advisory Committee |
DGV |
dark green vegetables |
DHA |
docosahexaenoic acid |
DRI |
Dietary Reference Intake |
EAR |
Estimated Average Requirement |
EBT |
electronic benefit transfer |
ECLS-B |
Early Childhood Longitudinal Study-Birth Cohort |
EER |
Estimated Energy Requirement |
EFNEP |
Expanded Food and Nutrition Education Program |
EPA |
eicosapentaenoic acid |
EPA |
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency |
eq |
equivalent |
ERS |
Economic Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture |
FAFH |
food away from home |
FAH |
food at home |
FDA |
U.S. Food and Drug Administration |
FE |
fixed effect |
FF |
formula fed |
FITS |
Feeding Infants and Toddlers Study |
fl oz |
fluid ounce or ounces |
FNB |
full nutrition benefit |
FNS |
Food and Nutrition Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture |
FoodAPS |
National Household Food Acquisition and Purchasing Survey |
FP |
food package |
FPED |
Food Patterns Equivalent Database |
FPID |
Food Patterns Ingredients Database |
FY |
fiscal year |
g |
gram or grams |
GAO |
U.S. Government Accountability Office |
GDM |
gestational diabetes mellitus |
GI |
glycemic index |
HBW |
high birth weight |
HCP |
health care provider |
HEI |
Healthy Eating Index |
HHS |
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services |
HMD |
Health and Medicine Division, The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine |
IFPS II |
Infant Feeding Practices Study II |
IOM |
Institute of Medicine |
IRI |
Information Resources, Inc. |
ISU |
Iowa State University |
ITO |
Indian Tribal Organization |
IU |
international unit |
IV |
instrumental variable |
kcal |
kilocalorie or kilocalories |
kg |
kilogram or kilograms |
KQ |
key question |
lb |
pound or pounds |
LBW |
low birth weight |
LGA |
large-for-gestational age |
LVL |
local vendor liaison |
mg |
milligram or milligrams |
MIS |
Management Information System |
MMA |
maximum monthly allowance |
mo |
month or months |
MUFA |
monounsaturated fatty acid |
MULO |
Total Multi-Outlet |
N |
sample size |
NA |
not applicable |
NASS |
National Agricultural Statistical Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture |
NATFAN |
National Food and Nutrition Survey |
NBDQ |
Nutrient-Based Diet Quality |
NCGS |
non-celiac gluten sensitivity |
NCI |
National Cancer Institute, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services |
NDB |
National Nutrient Database for Standard Reference |
NHANES |
National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey |
NHIS |
National Health Interview Survey |
NIH |
National Institutes of Health |
NIS |
National Immunization Survey |
NPNL |
nonpregnant, nonlactating |
NR |
no recommendation or not redeemed |
NSA |
nutrition services and administrative |
NSLP |
National School Lunch Program |
NSWP |
National Survey of WIC Participants |
NUPC |
national Universal Product Code database |
nutr |
nutrients |
oz |
ounce or ounces |
P |
pregnant |
PC |
peer counselor |
PC-SIDE |
PC Software for Intake Distribution Estimation |
PedNSS |
Pediatric Nutrition Surveillance System |
PIH |
pregnancy-induced hypertension |
PIM |
perceived insufficient milk |
PIR |
poverty-to-income ratio |
PNSS |
Pregnancy Nutrition Surveillance System |
PP |
postpartum |
PRAMS |
Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System |
PUFA |
polyunsaturated fatty acid |
qt |
quart or quarts |
RACC |
reference amount customarily consumed |
RAE |
retinol activity equivalent |
RD |
regression discontinuity |
RDA |
Recommended Dietary Allowance |
Red-Or |
red and orange vegetables |
RIA |
regulatory impact analysis |
RTE |
ready-to-eat |
RTF |
ready-to-feed |
RWJF |
Robert Wood Johnson Foundation |
SAS |
Statistical Analysis System |
SE |
standard error |
SFA |
saturated fatty acid |
SGA |
small-for-gestational age |
SNAP |
Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program |
SNAP-Ed |
Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program-Education |
SPADE |
Statistical Program for Age-adjusted Dietary Assessment |
SSI |
Supplemental Security Income |
TANF |
Temporary Assistance for Needy Families |
tbsp |
tablespoon or tablespoons |
tsp |
teaspoon or teaspoons |
UI |
unemployment insurance |
UL |
Tolerable Upper Intake Level |
UPC |
Universal Product Code |
USDA |
U.S. Department of Agriculture |
USDA-CNP |
U.S. Department of Agriculture, Food and Nutrition Service, Child Nutrition Programs |
USDA-FNS |
U.S. Department of Agriculture, Food and Nutrition Service |
veg/fr |
vegetables and fruits |
WG |
whole grain or whole grain-rich |
WHO |
World Health Organization |
WIC |
Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children |
WIC-AI |
WIC availability index |
wk |
week or weeks |
WP |
white potatoes |
WWEIA |
What We Eat in America (NHANES) |
y |
year or years |