COUNTERING VIOLENT EXTREMISM THROUGH
PUBLIC HEALTH PRACTICE
Proceedings of a Workshop
Justin Snair, Anna Nicholson, and Claire Giammaria, Rapporteurs
Forum on Medical and Public Health Preparedness for
Disasters and Emergencies
Board on Health Sciences Policy
Health and Medicine Division
THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS
Washington, DC
www.nap.edu
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This project was jointly supported by contracts between the National Academy of Sciences and the American College of Emergency Physicians; American Hospital Association; American Red Cross; Association of Public Health Laboratories; Association of State and Territorial Health Officials; Child Care Aware of America; Council of State and Territorial Epidemiologists; East West Protection; Emergency Nurses Association; GlaxoSmithKline; Healthcare Ready; Infectious Diseases Society of America; Meridian Medical Technologies; National Association of Chain Drug Stores; National Association of County and City Health Officials; National Association of Emergency Medical Technicians; Robert Wood Johnson Foundation (Contract No. ID#: 73289); Seqirus; Trauma Center Association of America; U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (Contract No. 200-2011-38807); U.S. Department of Defense (Contract No. HHSP233201400020B/HHSP23337014); U.S. Department of Defense, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (Contract No. HU0001-16-1-0022); U.S. Department of Health and Human Services’ Administration for Children and Families (Contract No. HHSP233201400153P); U.S. Department of Health and Human Services’ Food and Drug Administration (Contract No. 1R13FD005495-01); U.S. Department of Health and Human Services’ National Institutes of Health: National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases; National Institute of Environmental Sciences; National Library of Medicine (Contract No. HHSN26300084); U.S. Department of Health and Human Services’ Office of the Assistant Secretary for Preparedness and Response (Contract No. HHSO100201550005A); U.S. Department of Homeland Security, Office of Health Affairs (Contract No. HSHQDC-15-C-00079); and U.S. Department of Transportation, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (Contract No. DTNH22-14-H-00468). Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect the views of any organization or agency that provided support for the project.
International Standard Book Number-13: 978-0-309-45365-3
International Standard Book Number-10: 0-309-45365-8
Digital Object Identifier: https://doi.org/10.17226/24638
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Suggested citation: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2017. Countering violent extremism through public health practice: Proceedings of a workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: https://doi.org/10.17226/24638.
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PLANNING COMMITTEE ON EXPLORING THE USE OF HEALTH
APPROACHES IN COMMUNITY-LEVEL STRATEGIES TO
COUNTERING VIOLENT EXTREMISM AND RADICALIZATION1
MATTHEW WYNIA (Chair), Director, Center for Bioethics and Humanities, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado
DAVID EISENMAN, Professor, Division of General Internal Medicine and Health Services Research; Director, Center for Public Health and Disasters, University of California, Los Angeles
JOHN L. HICK, Medical Director for Emergency Preparedness and Deputy Chief EMS Medical Director, Hennepin County Medical Center
LEESA LIN, Senior Program Manager, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health
CYNTHIA LUM, Associate Professor, Department of Criminology, Law, and Society and Director, Center for Evidence-Based Crime Policy, George Mason University
JOUMANA SILYAN-SABA, Director of the Strategies Against Violent Extremism, Los Angeles Mayor’s Office of Public Safety; adjunct assistant professor, California State University, Dominguez Hills
SUSAN SZMANIA, Senior Researcher, National Consortium for the Study of Terrorism and Responses to Terrorism (START), University of Maryland
LEANA WEN, Baltimore City Health Commissioner and Physician
Health and Medicine Division Staff
JUSTIN SNAIR, Senior Program Officer, Forum Director (from August 2016)
JACK HERRMANN, Senior Program Officer (until August 2016)
ASHLEY OTTEWELL, Research Associate (until August 2016)
CLAIRE GIAMMARIA, Associate Program Officer (from February 2017)
ALEX REPACE, Senior Program Assistant
ANDREW M. POPE, Senior Director, Board on Health Sciences Policy
Consultants
ANNA NICHOLSON, Consulting Writer
LAURA RUNNELS, Consulting Facilitator and Engagement Strategist
___________________
1 The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine’s planning committees are solely responsible for organizing the workshop, identifying topics, and choosing speakers. The responsibility for the published Proceedings of a Workshop rests with the workshop rapporteurs and the institution.
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FORUM ON MEDICAL AND PUBLIC HEALTH
PREPAREDNESS FOR DISASTERS AND EMERGENCIES1
DAN HANFLING (Co-Chair), Contributing Scholar and Clinical Professor in the Department of Emergency Medicine, Johns Hopkins Center for Health Security
SUZET M. McKINNEY (Co-Chair), Executive Director, Illinois Medical District Commission
ROY L. ALSON, Associate Professor of Emergency Medicine at Wake Forest School of Medicine, American College of Emergency Physicians
STACEY J. ARNESEN, Branch Chief at the Disaster Information Management Research Center, National Institutes of Health/National Library of Medicine
PAMELA BLACKWELL, Director at the Center for Emergency Preparedness and Response for Cobb/Douglas Boards of Health, National Association of County and City Health Officials
ERIC C. BLANK, Senior Director of Public Health Programs and Systems, Association of Public Health Laboratories
KATHRYN BRINSFIELD, Assistant Secretary of Health Affairs and Chief Medical Officer, U.S. Department of Homeland Security/Office of Health Affairs (until January 2017)
BROOKE COURTNEY, Senior Regulatory Counsel of the Office of Counterterrorism and Emerging Threats, U.S. Food and Drug Administration
RICHARD DANILA, Epidemiology Program Manager and Deputy State Epidemiologist at Minnesota Department of Health, Council for State and Territorial Epidemiologists
BRUCE EVANS, Fire Chief at Upper Pine River Fire Protection District, National Association of Emergency Medical Technicians
JOHN L. HICK, Medical Director for Emergency Preparedness and Deputy Chief EMS Medical Director, Hennepin County Medical Center
CLAUDIA M. KELLY, Senior Director, Value Access and Policy, Seqirus
THOMAS KIRSCH, Director of the National Center for Disaster Medicine and Public Health (NCDMP) and Professor of Military and Emergency Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, U.S. Department of Defense
___________________
1 The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine’s forums and roundtables do not issue, review, or approve individual documents. The responsibility for the published Proceedings of a Workshop rests with the workshop rapporteurs and the institution.
MICHAEL G. KURILLA, Director, Office of Biodefense Research Affairs and Associate Director for BioDefense Product Development, National Institutes of Health/National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases
DREW E. LEWIS, Meridian Medical Technologies (since February 2017)
EMILY LORD, Executive Director, Healthcare Ready
NICOLE LURIE, Assistant Secretary for Preparedness and Response, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services/Office of the Assistant Secretary for Preparedness and Response (until January 2017)
FREDA LYON, Vice President of Emergency Services at WellStar Health System, Emergency Nurses Association
NICOLE McKOIN, Senior Business Partner, Target Corporation
AUBREY K. MILLER, Senior Medical Advisor, Captain U.S. Public Health Service, Office of the Director, National Institutes of Health/National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences
JOHN OSBORN, Operations Manager, Assistant Professor of Health Care Systems Engineering, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine
TARA O’TOOLE, Senior Fellow, IQT
ANDREW T. PAVIA, Professor, Chief Division Pediatric Infectious Diseases, University of Utah, Infectious Diseases Society of America
JENNIFER PIPA, Senior Director of Recovery Operations, American Red Cross
ALONZO PLOUGH, Vice President, Research-Evaluation-Learning and Chief Science Officer, Robert Wood Johnson Foundation
STEPHEN C. REDD, Director, Office of Public Health Preparedness and Response, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention/Office of Public Health Preparedness and Response
MARY J. RILEY, Director, Office of Human Services Emergency Preparedness Response (OHSEPR)/Captain U.S. Public Health Service, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services/Administration for Children and Families (until February 2017)
ANDREW R. ROSZAK, Senior Director of Emergency Preparedness, Child Care Aware of America (until February 2017)
SARAH E. ROSZAK, Director of Research for National Association of Chain Drug Stores (NACDS) and NACDS Foundation
ROSLYNE SCHULMAN, Senior Associate Director, American Hospital Association
RICHARD A. SERINO, Distinguished Visiting Fellow and Senior Advisor, Harvard University School of Public Health
MONCEF M. SLAOUI, Chairman, Global Vaccines, GlaxoSmithKline
DAVID J. SMITH, Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense for Health Readiness, Policy and Oversight, U.S. Department of Defense
W. CRAIG VANDERWAGEN, Co-founder and Director, East West Protection, LLC
JENNIFER WARD, President, Trauma Center Association of America
JOHN WIESMAN, Secretary of Health, Washington State Department of Health, Association for State and Territorial Health Officials
GAMUNU WIJETUNGE, EMS Specialist, Office of Emergency Medical Services, U.S. Department of Transportation/National Highway Traffic Safety Administration
MATTHEW K. WYNIA, Director, Center for Bioethics and Humanities, University of Colorado Denver
Health and Medicine Division Staff
JUSTIN SNAIR, Senior Program Officer, Forum Director (from August 2016)
JACK HERRMANN, Senior Program Officer (until August 2016)
CLAIRE GIAMMARIA, Associate Program Officer (from February 2017)
ALEXA EDMIER, Research Assistant
ALEX REPACE, Senior Program Assistant
ANDREW M. POPE, Senior Director, Board on Health Sciences Policy
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Reviewers
This Proceedings of a Workshop was reviewed in draft form by individuals chosen for their diverse perspectives and technical expertise. The purpose of this independent review is to provide candid and critical comments that will assist the institution in making its published Proceedings of a Workshop as sound as possible and to ensure that the Proceedings of a Workshop meets institutional standards for objectivity, evidence, and responsiveness to the study charge. The review comments and draft manuscript remain confidential to protect the integrity of the process. We wish to thank the following individuals for their review of this Proceedings of a Workshop:
MICHAEL GERMAN, New York University Law School
JOHN OSBORN, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine
JOUMANA SILYAN-SABA, Los Angeles Mayor’s Office of Public Safety
THOMAS SIMON, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
REBECCA SKELLETT, Institute for Strategic Dialogue
MATTHEW K. WYNIA, University of Colorado
Although the reviewers listed above have provided many constructive comments and suggestions, they did not see the final draft of the Proceedings of a Workshop before its release. The review of this Proceedings of a Workshop was overseen by BRUCE ALTEVOGT, Pfizer Inc. He was
responsible for making certain that an independent examination of this Proceedings of a Workshop was carried out in accordance with institutional procedures and that all review comments were carefully considered. Responsibility for the final content of this Proceedings of a Workshop rests entirely with the rapporteurs and the institution.
Contents
Topics Highlighted During Presentations and Discussions
2 UNDERSTANDING VIOLENT EXTREMISM
Radicalization and Violent Extremism: Characteristics and Empirical Data
The Hypothesized Root Causes of Violent Extremism
3 CONTEMPORARY APPROACHES TO COUNTERING VIOLENT EXTREMISM
Comparative Evaluation of First- and Second-Wave CVE Programs
Approaches to Countering Radicalization: International and Domestic Perspectives
4 THE CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES OF COUNTERING VIOLENT EXTREMISM
The Unintended Consequences of Working in a Precriminal Space
Strengthening Resilience at the Individual and Community Levels
5 APPLYING PUBLIC HEALTH MODELS AND APPROACHES TO COUNTERING VIOLENT EXTREMISM
The Public Health Approach to Addressing Threats
Public Health Models for Evaluating CVE Programs
The Role of Health Professionals in CVE: Legal and Ethical Issues
Acronyms and Abbreviations
APA | American Psychological Association |
BRAVE | Building Resilience Against Violent Extremism |
CAMP | Case Assessment Management Program |
CDC | U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention |
CRSS | Crisis Response Support Section |
CVE | countering violent extremism |
DHS | U.S. Department of Homeland Security |
DMH | U.S. Department of Mental Health |
DOJ | U.S. Department of Justice |
EADR | Empirical Assessment of Domestic Radicalization |
EMS | emergency medical services |
EPREP | Emergency Preparedness Research, Evaluation, and Practice |
FBI | Federal Bureau of Investigation |
FEMA | Federal Emergency Management Agency |
HHS | U.S. Department of Health and Human Services |
HIPAA | Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act |
ICCPR | International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights |
ISIL | Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant |
JRIC | Joint Regional Intelligence Center |
JTTF | Joint Terrorism Task Force |
LAPD | Los Angeles Police Department |
MCD | Major Crimes Division |
MEU | Mental Evaluation Unit |
NGO | nongovernmental organization |
NIJ | National Institute of Justice |
PEACE | Promoting Engagement, Acceptance, and Community Empowerment |
RENEW | Recognizing Extremist Network Early Warnings |
RFP | request for proposal |
ROC | receiver operating characteristic |
SAMHSA | Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration |
SAR | suspicious activity report |
SMART | System-wide Mental Assessment Response Team |
START | Study of Terrorism and Responses to Terrorism |
USAID | U.S. Agency for International Development |
WORDE | World Organization for Resource Development and Education |