Appendix A

Volcano Databases

Descriptions of Volcanoes and Eruption Histories:

• The Smithsonian Global Volcano Program (Volcanoes of the World) has reports, eruption history, deformation episodes, and general geologic information for Holocene active volcanoes. Satellite-based SO₂ emission data are now included. See http://volcano.si.edu/search_volcano.cfm.
• The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration has a database of significant volcanic eruptions with Volcano Explosivity Index (VEI), number of fatalities, and damage estimates, as well as a database of volcanic ash advisories. See https://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/hazard/volcano.shtml.
• LaMEVE (Large Magnitude Explosive Volcanic Eruptions) has information on Quaternary active volcanoes, including volcano type and eruptive history if known for VEI ≥4 eruptions. This database is part of VOGRIPA (Volcanic Global Risk Identification and Analysis Project). See http://www.bgs.ac.uk/vogripa/index.cfm.

Unrest Prior to Eruptions:

• WOVOdat is a database of volcanic unrest, including instrumentally and visually recorded changes in seismicity, ground deformation, gas emissions, and other parameters from observatories’ normal baselines. See http://www.wovodat.org.

Geophysical Data:

• IRIS (Incorporated Research Institutions for Seismology) provides seismic data through http://ds.iris.edu/ds/nodes/dmc, and UNAVCO provides geodetic data through https://www.unavco.org/data/data.html.
• The COMET (Centre for Observation and Modelling of Earthquakes, Volcanoes, and Techtonics) Volcano Deformation Database includes data over volcanoes from the European Space Agency’s Sentinel satellites. See http://volcanodeformation.blogs.ilrt.org.
• Volcano Deformation Database, part of the Global Volcano Model (GVM). See http://globalvolcanomodel.org/gvm-task-forces/volcano-deformation-database.

Geochemical, Gas, and Thermal Data:

• IEDA (Interdisciplinary Earth System Alliance)/EarthChem provides geochemical information, including some volcanic gas data. The data are not linked to eruption data. See http://www.earthchem.org.
• The GeoRoc (Geochemistry of Rocks of the Oceans and Continents) database contains geochemical information. See http://georoc.mpch-mainz.gwdg.de/georoc.
• The Multi-Satellite Volcanic Sulfur Dioxide L4 Long-Term Global Database V2 provides data on volcanic SO₂ emissions derived from ultraviolet satellite

• measurements since October 1978. See ftp://measures.gsfc.nasa.gov/data/s4pa/SO2/MSVOLSO2L4.2.

• MAGA (MApping GAs emissions) is a volcanic gas database focused on the Mediterranean region. See http://www.magadb.net.
• The ASTER (Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer) Volcano Archive provides thermal and optical imagery for all of the world’s volcanoes. See http://ava.jpl.nasa.gov.
• The MODVOLC algorithm provides a tool to find near-real-time thermal monitoring data from MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) sensors. See http://modis.higp.hawaii.edu/cgi-bin/modisnew.cgi.