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2016 N A T I O N A L C O O P E R A T I V E H I G H W A Y R E S E A R C H P R O G R A M NCHRP REPORT 820 Framework for a Pavement-Maintenance Database System George White Steven Velozo Pavia SyStemS, inc. Seattle, WA David Peshkin Prashant Ram aPPlied Pavement technology, inc. Urbana, IL Subscriber Categories Maintenance and Preservation ⢠Pavements Research sponsored by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials in cooperation with the Federal Highway Administration
NATIONAL COOPERATIVE HIGHWAY RESEARCH PROGRAM Systematic, well-designed research is the most effective way to solve many problems facing highway administrators and engineers. Often, highway problems are of local interest and can best be studied by highway departments individually or in cooperation with their state universities and others. However, the accelerating growth of highway transportation results in increasingly complex problems of wide inter- est to highway authorities. These problems are best studied through a coordinated program of cooperative research. Recognizing this need, the leadership of the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) in 1962 ini- tiated an objective national highway research program using modern scientific techniquesâthe National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP). NCHRP is supported on a continuing basis by funds from participating member states of AASHTO and receives the full cooperation and support of the Federal Highway Administration, United States Department of Transportation. The Transportation Research Board (TRB) of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine was requested by AASHTO to administer the research program because of TRBâs recognized objectivity and understanding of modern research practices. TRB is uniquely suited for this purpose for many reasons: TRB maintains an extensive com- mittee structure from which authorities on any highway transportation subject may be drawn; TRB possesses avenues of communications and cooperation with federal, state, and local governmental agencies, univer- sities, and industry; TRBâs relationship to the Academies is an insurance of objectivity; and TRB maintains a full-time staff of specialists in high- way transportation matters to bring the findings of research directly to those in a position to use them. The program is developed on the basis of research needs identified by chief administrators and other staff of the highway and transporta- tion departments and by committees of AASHTO. Topics of the highest merit are selected by the AASHTO Standing Committee on Research (SCOR), and each year SCORâs recommendations are proposed to the AASHTO Board of Directors and the Academies. Research projects to address these topics are defined by NCHRP, and qualified research agencies are selected from submitted proposals. Administration and surveillance of research contracts are the responsibilities of the Acad- emies and TRB. The needs for highway research are many, and NCHRP can make significant contributions to solving highway transportation problems of mutual concern to many responsible groups. The program, however, is intended to complement, rather than to substitute for or duplicate, other highway research programs. Published reports of the NATIONAL COOPERATIVE HIGHWAY RESEARCH PROGRAM are available from Transportation Research Board Business Office 500 Fifth Street, NW Washington, DC 20001 and can be ordered through the Internet by going to http://www.national-academies.org and then searching for TRB Printed in the United States of America NCHRP REPORT 820 Project 14-31 ISSN 0077-5614 ISBN 978-0-309-44598-6 Library of Congress Control Number 2016956113 © 2016 National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. COPYRIGHT INFORMATION Authors herein are responsible for the authenticity of their materials and for obtaining written permissions from publishers or persons who own the copyright to any previously published or copyrighted material used herein. Cooperative Research Programs (CRP) grants permission to reproduce material in this publication for classroom and not-for-profit purposes. Permission is given with the understanding that none of the material will be used to imply TRB, AASHTO, FAA, FHWA, FMCSA, FRA, FTA, Office of the Assistant Secretary for Research and Technology, PHMSA, or TDC endorsement of a particular product, method, or practice. It is expected that those reproducing the material in this document for educational and not-for-profit uses will give appropriate acknowledgment of the source of any reprinted or reproduced material. For other uses of the material, request permission from CRP. NOTICE The report was reviewed by the technical panel and accepted for publication according to procedures established and overseen by the Transportation Research Board and approved by the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. The opinions and conclusions expressed or implied in this report are those of the researchers who performed the research and are not necessarily those of the Transportation Research Board; the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine; or the program sponsors. The Transportation Research Board; the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine; and the sponsors of the National Cooperative Highway Research Program do not endorse products or manufacturers. Trade or manufacturersâ names appear herein solely because they are considered essential to the object of the report.
The National Academy of Sciences was established in 1863 by an Act of Congress, signed by President Lincoln, as a private, non- governmental institution to advise the nation on issues related to science and technology. Members are elected by their peers for outstanding contributions to research. Dr. Marcia McNutt is president. The National Academy of Engineering was established in 1964 under the charter of the National Academy of Sciences to bring the practices of engineering to advising the nation. Members are elected by their peers for extraordinary contributions to engineering. Dr. C. D. Mote, Jr., is president. The National Academy of Medicine (formerly the Institute of Medicine) was established in 1970 under the charter of the National Academy of Sciences to advise the nation on medical and health issues. Members are elected by their peers for distinguished contributions to medicine and health. Dr. Victor J. Dzau is president. The three Academies work together as the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine to provide independent, objective analysis and advice to the nation and conduct other activities to solve complex problems and inform public policy decisions. The Academies also encourage education and research, recognize outstanding contributions to knowledge, and increase public understanding in matters of science, engineering, and medicine. Learn more about the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine at www.national-academies.org. The Transportation Research Board is one of seven major programs of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. The mission of the Transportation Research Board is to increase the benefits that transportation contributes to society by providing leadership in transportation innovation and progress through research and information exchange, conducted within a setting that is objective, interdisciplinary, and multimodal. The Boardâs varied committees, task forces, and panels annually engage about 7,000 engineers, scientists, and other transportation researchers and practitioners from the public and private sectors and academia, all of whom contribute their expertise in the public interest. The program is supported by state transportation departments, federal agencies including the component administrations of the U.S. Department of Transportation, and other organizations and individuals interested in the development of transportation. Learn more about the Transportation Research Board at www.TRB.org.
C O O P E R A T I V E R E S E A R C H P R O G R A M S AUTHOR ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Contributions were made by several departments of transportation including Kansas, Michigan, and Washington. These departments of transportation provided data on their pavement-maintenance activi- ties, pavement condition, and pavement inventory. CRP STAFF FOR NCHRP REPORT 820 Christopher J. Hedges, Director, Cooperative Research Programs Amir N. Hanna, Senior Program Officer Natasha R. Donawa, Senior Program Assistant Eileen P. Delaney, Director of Publications Sreyashi Roy, Editor NCHRP PROJECT 14-31 PANEL Field of MaintenanceâArea of Maintenance of Way and Structures Anita K. Bush, Nevada DOT, Carson City, NV (Chair) Roger C. Olson, Bloomington, MN (formerly with Minnesota DOT) Edgardo D. Block, Connecticut DOT, Newington, CT DingXin Cheng, California State University, Chico, CA James C. âJayâ Norris, Tennessee DOT, Nashville, TN LaDonna R. Rowden, Illinois DOT, Springfield, IL Morgan Kessler, FHWA Liaison James W. Bryant, Jr., TRB Liaison
This report presents a framework for a pavement-maintenance database (PMDb). The framework provides a uniform format for collecting, reporting, and storing information on pavement-maintenance actions. Use of this framework will promote compatibility of the maintenance data reported by different agencies and will provide an effective means for using these data in cost-benefit analysis, evaluating the effects of maintenance on pavement performance, selecting the maintenance actions needed, and making other related decisions. The material contained in the report should be of immediate interest to state maintenance engineers and others concerned with the maintenance and management of pavements. A variety of maintenance actions are performed by highway agencies to preserve highway pavements. Although similar maintenance actions are applied, practices for reporting main- tenance methods, rates, and basis of measurements, costs, performance, and other related factors differ among these agencies. There is no widely accepted system for uniformly record- ing data pertaining to maintenance actions. Without such a system, the reported data cannot be easily interpreted and used outside of individual agencies. This research was needed to develop a framework for a database system for the collection, storage, and retrieval of related data. This database framework, together with clear definitions of maintenance terms, will ensure proper interpretation and use of data by highway agencies. Under NCHRP Project 14-31, âDeveloping a Pavement-Maintenance Database System,â Pavis Systems, Inc., worked with the objective of developing a framework for a database system of pavement-maintenance actions, materials, and methods, and their effectiveness. The database system would accommodate asphalt, concrete, and composite pavements, and provide a means for establishing a record of actions that includes uniform descriptions of maintenance activities, basis of measurements, costs, pavement conditions, and other rel- evant data for use in cost-benefit analysis, evaluating the effects of maintenance on pavement performance, selecting the maintenance actions needed, and making other related decisions. The research reviewed current practices relevant to pavement-maintenance actions, main- tenance management systems, and pavement management systems; identified and defined relevant terms and data elements; and developed a pavement-maintenance database (PMDb) framework for the collection, storage, and reporting of information on the contexts, actions, and outcomes of pavement maintenance. The data system was developed as a set of tables presenting pavement inventory data and pavement-condition data. Within the dataset, the outcomes of maintenance actions, reflected by changes in pavement conditions, can be evaluated and studied to assess the effectiveness or costs of alternative maintenance applications or evaluate and develop cost and performance models. Also, to illustrate use of the framework, data were collected from several state departments of transportation and F O R E W O R D By Amir N. Hanna Staff Officer Transportation Research Board
supplemented with data from a random data generator and other sources. These data were entered into the PMDb framework; relevant data were extracted and used in the analy- sis of scenarios involving the application of different maintenance treatments of asphalt and concrete pavements. In addition, to promote consistency in the terminology related to pavement-maintenance actions, a glossary of related terms is presented. The report is accompanied by CRP-CD-179: Pavement-Maintenance Database (PMDb) for NCHRP Report 820, Volume 1: Framework and Volume 2: Sample Data. Volume 1 con- tains the database framework and Volume 2 contains sample data collected from highway agencies to illustrate the use of PMDb.
1 Summary 3 Chapter 1 Introduction 3 Problem Statement 3 Research Objective 4 Organization of the Report 5 Chapter 2 Background on Pavement-Maintenance Practices 5 Scope of Pavement Maintenance 6 Pavement-Maintenance Terms 10 Pavement-Maintenance Data 14 Pavement-Condition Terms 15 Pavement-Condition Data 16 Summary of Pavement Maintenance 17 Chapter 3 Pavement-Maintenance Database System 17 Pavement-Maintenance Data Elements and Terms 19 Pavement-Maintenance Data Definitions 33 Pavement-Condition Data Elements 43 Chapter 4 Pavement-Maintenance Database Software Application 43 Functional Elements 44 System Components 52 Security and Access Control 53 Browser Application 60 Chapter 5 Pavement-Maintenance Database Workflow and Applications 60 Workflow Description 70 Applications and Case Studies 77 Chapter 6 Recommendations for Research 79 References 81 Glossary 87 Appendix A Participant Responses to Electronic Survey 96 Appendix B Interview Summaries by State C O N T E N T S
98 Appendix C Pavement-Maintenance Database System Requirements 103 Appendix D Pavement-Maintenance Database Virtual Machine Installation Procedure 107 Appendix E Loading Sample Data into the Pavement-Maintenance Database Note: Photographs, figures, and tables in this report may have been converted from color to grayscale for printing. The electronic version of the report (posted on the web at www.trb.org) retains the color versions.