Manual to Improve Rail Transit Safety at Platform/Vehicle and Platform/Guideway Interfaces (2017)

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76 1. Braunstein, A. New Jersey Transit Raritan Line. New York Subway, 2012. http://www.nycsubway.org/wiki/ New_Jersey_Transit_Raritan_Line. Accessed July 23, 2014. 2. Chan, K. Are Glass Sliding Platform Edge Doors Feasible for Skytrain Stations? Vancity Buzz, Buzz Connected Media, Inc., April, 15, 2014. http://www.vancitybuzz.com/2014/04/glass-sliding-platform-screen-doors- feasible-skytrain-stations/. Accessed July 23, 2014. 3. CTIA’s Wireless Industry Annual Survey 2013. CTIA—The Wireless Association. http://www.ctia.org/ your-wireless-life/how-wireless-works/annual-wireless-industry-survey. Accessed August 15, 2014. 4. Daamen, W., Lee, Y., and Wiggenraad, P. Boarding and Alighting Experiments: Overview of Setup and Performance and Some Preliminary Results. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, No. 2042, Transportation Research Board of the National Academies, Washington, DC, 2008, pp. 71–81. 5. Daniel, J. R., Rotter, N. G., and Nichnadowicz, V. F. Customer Behavior Relative to Gap Between Platform and Train. Final Report submitted to FHWA. New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, 2009, pp. 1–79. 6. Davis, R., and Olson, L. Streetcar Platform Design Approach. HDR Technical Memorandum, Kansas City, MO, 2014, pp. 1–8. 7. Ensuring Rail Passenger Safety. Honolulu Authority for Rapid Transportation (HART). http://myemail. constantcontact.com/News-from-the-Honolulu-Rail-Transit-Project.html?soid=1102697428056&aid= Hx5Y3V3IrQE. Accessed July 25, 2014. 8. Feasibility Study for Implementation of Platform Edge Door System. British Columbia Transit, Victoria, December 16, 1994. 9. FRA Approach to Managing Gap Safety. Passenger Rail Station Gap Management Guide. Federal Railroad Administration Office of Safety, U.S. Department of Transportation, Washington, DC, 2007. 10. Guidance Safeguards for Passengers Waiting on Platforms—Platform Screen Doors and Track Intrusion Detection System, 1–2. Taipei Rapid Transit Corporation. http://english.trtc.com.tw/fp.asp?fpage=cp&xItem= 1056659&ctNode=27510&mp=122032. Accessed July 22, 2014. 11. Horne, M. Mind the Gap. This is the Metadyne Website. http://www.metadyne. co.uk/mind_the_gap.htm. 2013. Accessed July 2, 2014. 12. Hulse, J. Intrusion Detection and Prevention Technologies Available to Rail Transit. Presented at the 2013 APTA Rail Conference, Philadelphia, PA, June 2–5. 13. Hunter-Zaworski, K. Improving Rail Transit Safety at Platform/Train, Platform/Guideway, and Platform/ Roadway Interfaces. TCRP Project A-40 Workshop and Web Conference Report, Montreal, Canada, 2014. 14. Kenny, R. Addressing the Gap: LIRR President’s Testimony. Long Island Rail Road (LIRR), February 8, 2007. http://web.mta.info/lirr/safety/GapHearing.pdf. Accessed August 10, 2014. 15. Kirse, K. TriMet’s WES Commuter Rail Use of Gauntlet Track For Level Boarding. Tri-County Metro- politan Transportation District of Oregon. http://www.apta.com/mc/rail/previous/2010/Presentations/ TriMet-WES-Commuter-Rail.pdf. Accessed July 22, 2014. 16. Modern Streetcar Vehicle Guideline. American Public Transportation Association, APTA Standards Develop- ment Program, Washington, DC, 2013. 17. Passenger risk at the platform-train interface. Rail Safety and Standards Board, London, UK, 2011. 18. Reiss, S., Lozano, R., Cannell, M., Puglisi, D., and Mitchell, L. Successful Implementation of Station Platforms between Car Barriers. In TRB 93rd Annual Meeting Compendium of Papers. Transportation Research Board of the National Academies, Washington, DC, 2014, pp. 2–8. 19. Rose, P. Between-Car Barriers Enhance Safety on Muni Metro. San Francisco Municipal Transportation Agency. http://www.sfmta.com/ko/news/press-releases/between-car-barriers-enhance-safety-muni-metro. Accessed July 24, 2014. References

References 77 20. Santoso, D. S., and MahadthaI, S. How Safe Is the Rail Platform? A Study of Bangkok Mass Transit System (BTS). Eastern Asia Society for Transportation Studies. http://easts.info/on-line/proceedings/vol9/PDF/ P233.pdf. Accessed July 20, 2014. 21. Schutte, J., Dimter, T., and Scholz, S. A New Video Based Guideway Intrusion Detection System for Public Transportation Infrastructures. International Union of Railways, Paris, France. 2006. 22. Schwebel, D. C., Stavrinos, D., Byington, K. W., Davis, T., O’Neal, E. E., and de Jong, D. Distraction and Pedestrian Safety: How Talking on the Phone, Texting, and Listening to Music Impact Crossing the Street. Accident Analysis & Prevention, 45, 2012, pp. 266–71. doi:10.1016/j.aap.2011.07.011. 23. Stavrinos, D., Byington, K. W., and Schwebel, D. C. Distracted Walking: Cell Phones Increase Injury Risk for College Pedestrians. Journal of Safety Research, 42(2), 2011, pp. 101–7. doi:10.1016/j.jsr.2011.01.004. 24. Yamada, S., Terabe, S., and Kasai, M. Safety Performance Measures for Railway Stations. In TRB 93rd Annual Meeting Compendium of Papers, No. 14-1868, Transportation Research Board of the National Academies, Washington, DC, 2014. 25. McNeil Management Services. Independent Review: Skytrain Service Disruptions on July 17 and July 21, 2014. Accessed November 21, 2014. 26. Botha, J., Neighbor, M., and Kaur, S. An Approach for Actions to Prevent Suicides on Commuter and Metro Rail Systems in the United States. Report 12-33, Mineta Transportation Institute, San José State University, CA, 2014. 27. McElveen, L. Understanding the Complexity of Transit Safety. Metro Magazine, January 2012. 28. Devadoss, R., Amad, S., and Raman, D. Platform-Train Interface for Rail Passengers—Technology Review. Cooperative Research Centre for Rail Innovation. Brisbane, Australia, 2012. 29. Klein, Jonathan. ADA Requirements for Rail Operators. Federal Transit Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation, Washington, DC, 2010. http://www.apta.com/mc/rail/previous/2010/Presentations/ ADA-Requirements-Impacting-Rail-System-Construction-and-operations.pdf. 30. Service in an Integrated Setting to Passengers at Intercity, Commuter, and High-Speed Rail Station Platforms Constructed or Altered after February 1, 2012. CFR 49, Part 37, Subpart C, 37.42 (f). U.S. Government Publish- ing Office, February 26, 2015. Accessed March 3, 2015. 31. ADA & Level Boarding—Consolidated Questions and Answers. Office of the Secretary of Transportation, General Counsel, U.S. Department of Transportation, Washington DC, 2012. http://www.ecfr.gov/cgi-bin/ text-idx?SID=efa53a498236ca04a85f69a40135675c&node=sp49.1.37.c&rgn=div6. Accessed 3 March, 2015. 32. Side Clearances. Oregon Department of Transportation, Rail Division, Division 310, Salem. http://arcweb. sos.state.or.us/pages/rules/oars_700/oar_741/741_310.html. Accessed March 3, 2015. 33. Regulations Governing Clearances on Railroads and Street Railroads with Reference to Side and Overhead Struc- tures, Parallel Tracks, Crossings of Public Roads, Highways and Streets. California Public Utilities Commission, 1948. http://docs. cpuc.ca.gov/PUBLISHED/GENERAL_ORDER/59571.htm. Accessed 3 March, 2015. 34. A.A.R. Equipment Diagrams for Interchange Service. The Great Northern Empire—Then and Now, 2003. http://www.greatnorthernempire.net/index2.htm? GNE_AAR ipmentDiagrams.htm. Accessed March 2, 2015. 35. BiLevel Coaches. Regional Trains—Bombardier Transportation. http://www.bombardier.com/en/ transportation/products-services/rail-vehicles/commuter-and-regional-trains/double-deck-coaches.html. Accessed March 2, 2015. 36. Transportation Services for Individuals with Disabilities. 49 CFR, Subtitle A, Part 37, Subpart C, 37.42 (f). ECFR, Code of Federal Regulations. Government Publishing Office, http://www.ecfr.gov/cgi-bin/text-idx?SID=efa5 3a498236ca04a85f69a40135675c&node=sp49.1.37.c&rgn=div6. Accessed January 25, 2015. 37. ADA & Level Boarding—Consolidated Questions and Answers. Federal Transit Administration, U.S. Depart- ment of Transportation, Washington, DC. https://www.fra.dot.gov/eLib/Details/L03698. Accessed June 16, 2015. 38. Association of American Railroads. Equipment Diagram for Limited Interchange Service, Plate C. Stan- dard S-2028-91, Manual of Standards and Recommended Practices, Section C, Part I (latest revision), Washington, DC. 39. Association of American Railroads. Equipment Diagram for Unrestricted Interchange Service, Plate B. Standard S-2026-91, Manual of Standards and Recommended Practices, Section C, Part I (latest revision), Washington, DC. 40. LA Metro Site Visit Interview. Personal interview. March 18, 2015. 41. Public Hearing Regarding Equivalent Facilitation for Modification of Detectable-Warning Tactile Strip to Accommodate Bridge Plate on Low-Floor Vehicles. San Diego Metropolitan Transit System, July 14, 2011. Accessed Jan. 10, 2015. 42. San Diego Metropolitan Transit System Site Visit Interview. Personal interview. March 20, 2015. 43. NCTD Site Visit Interview. Personal interview. March 21, 2015. 44. Cabrera, A. Car-to-Platform Clearances. New York City Transit, PowerPoint Presentation, April 27, 2015.

78 Manual to Improve Rail Transit Safety at Platform/Vehicle and Platform/Guideway Interfaces 45. National Transit Database. Federal Transit Administration, Office of Budget and Policy, U.S. Department of Transportation, Washington, DC, February 2015. http://www.ntdprogram.gov/ntdprogram/Glossaries/pdf/ Glossary2014.pdf. Accessed June 25, 2015. 46. Office of Safety and Security. 2009 Rail Safety Statistics Report, Prepared by the State Safety Oversight Program, Federal Transit Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation, Washington, DC. 47. Japanese Railway Station Installs Cameras to Detect Drunken Passengers. Japan Travel News, August 14, 2015. https://www.insidejapantours.co/japan-news/3702/japanese-railway-station-installs-cameras-to- detect-drunken-passengers/. Photo Credits 48. https://www.google.ca/#q=new+york+subway+pics 49. https://kpbs.media.clients.ellingtoncms.com/img/photos/2013/03/08/nctd.jpg 50. http://subwaynut.com/california/sprinter/escondido_avenue-vista/escondido_avenue-vista6.jpg (Robert McConnell) 51. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Meguro_station_Platform_screen_doors.JPG (Toshinori Baba) 52. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:MTR_HFC_(6).JPG (Hokachung) Additional Photo Credits Uwe Rutenberg—Figures: 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 4.6, 6.2, 6.5, 6.8, 6.9, 6.10, 6.15, 6.16, 6.17, 6.18, 6.23, 6.28, 7.1, 7.3, 7.5, 7.6, 7.7, 7.8, and 8.1 Dylan Anderson—Figures: 2.4, 4.2, 4.4, 4.7, 6.3, 6.11, 6.12, 6.14, 6.25, 6.26, 6.27, 6.29, 7.2, 7.4, and 7.9 K. M. Hunter-Zaworski—Figures: 6.6 and 6.7