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E1 APPENDIX E METHODS OF FREQUENCY WEIGHTING TABLE OF CONTENTS MAXIMUM PROFILE LEVEL ADJUSTMENT FACTOR DEVELOPMENT ................E2 ADDITIONAL HEAVY TRUCK EXAMPLES USING THE MAXIMUM PROFILE LEVEL METHOD ...............................................................................................................E9 ENERGY SUMMATION ADJUSTMENT FACTOR DEVELOPMENT ......................... E31
MAXIM The prof the main for the l between average c Figure E using the Although the louds is essenti the sourc different through 2 Northern regions: similar h the regio equal to may tend Hz, the s higher th UM PROF iles using th report as th oudspeaker the profile orrection fa 1: Correcte average of the adjustm peaker, the ally a point es are not n sources at 6 of the m California one toward eight and ar ns are some each other a to underest ource regio an the front ILE LEVEL e 3.3ft (1m e optimal co profiles me corrections ctors supply d vertical pr the 0 and 3. ent factors application t source limit ecessarily th the same h ain report f demonstrate the front at e relatively what circul nd as a res imate the co ns begin to . Above 1,2 ADJUST ) and groun rrection fac asured at a of Figure 5 the same d ofiles measu 3ft (0 and 1m appear to m o actual tru ed to a 4-by at compact eight. For e or the typic this behavi the tractor, low to the p ar, as would ult, applyin mbined con elongate, an 50 Hz, the s E2 MENT FAC d level aver tor for heav height of 3 7 of the m esired effect red for lou ) speaker c ore realistic ck data need -4in (0.1-by , and there m xample, th al truck (Ru or. For all f and one at t avement. F be expecte g the point tribution of d here the s ources at th TOR DEV age correct y truck prof .3ft (1m). ain report a that was ob dspeaker 3.3 orrection fa ally weight s further co -0.1m) activ ay be simu e contours n 38) meas requencies, he rear of t or frequency d for a poin source (loud the two reg ource level e front of th ELOPMEN ion, which iles, are sho There are s nd Figure E tained in Fi ft (1m) abo ctors the source h nsideration. e, radiating ltaneous co shown abov ured at the there are at he trailer. B bands from t source. H speaker) ad ions. Betwe s at the rear e truck dom T was identifi wn in Figur ubtle differe 1; however gure 57. ve the pavem eight profile The loudsp area. For tr ntributions e in Figure Lakeville s least two so oth regions 315 to 630 owever, the justment fa en 800 and of the truc inate and ex ed in e E1 nces , the ent, s for eaker ucks, from s 24 ite in urce have Hz, y are ctors 1,250 k are tend
in the ho source fa shows th discussed -2.7 dBA Figure E based on For truck source tru at the up (Figure E Above 8 Above 1 that the d profiles overall p these ba agreemen frequenc considere rizontal dir ctors may e profiles in the main . 2: Corrected the point so s with high cks. An exa hill Site NC 4) increasin ft (2.4m), t 1ft (3.4m), t eficiency ce in this case rofiles is no nds based o t between ies would d to apply m ection unde again under for Run 38 report, the vertical pr urce correc er source co mple is pro 5. Below t gly departs he summati he summati ntered at 8. . However, t due to th n this one the summa provide a ore in an av r the length estimate the with the summation ofiles measu tion factors ntent, the p vided in Fig he 8ft (2.4m from the ov on reverses on and over 5ft (2.6m) is in other ca ese particul or even a tion and o better matc erage sense E3 of the trac contributio loudspeaker profile is of red for a typ rofiles gene ures E3 (un ) vertical d erall level m and begins all profiles due to the ses, the di ar frequenc few cases verall profi h. In gene with some tor. For the n of these point sou fset from the ical truck ( rally follow corrected) a istance, the easured pro to approa are almost i weighting p screpancy b y bands. A would not les, as in ral, the adj variance fro se higher fr multiple reg rce correcti overall me Run 38) at t the same tr nd E4 (corre adjusted su file with inc ch the over dentical. Fig laced on the etween the s a result, a necessarily other cases ustment fa m truck-to- equencies, ions. Figur ons applied asured profi he Lakeville end as the l cted) for Ru mmation pr reasing dist all level pr ure E3 indi 315 and 40 summation rbitrarily ra produce c adjusting ctors shoul truck. point e E2 . As le by site, ower n 19 ofile ance. ofile. cates 0 Hz and ising loser other d be
Fig Figure E point sou ure E3: Un 4: Correcte rce with a - corrected ve d vertical pr 2.7 dB adjus rtical profi ofiles meas tment E4 les measured ured for Run for Run 19 19 at the u at the uphi phill NC5 s ll NC5 site ite, based on the
Probably summatio micropho levels me of the lan adjusted the corre while th differenc levels ar differenc maximum Figure E compared more imp n is match ne location asured by th e of vehicl maximum l cted profile e unadjuste es between e shown in es shown in comes clo 5: Unadjus to measure ortant than ing the freq . This is don e Larson D e travel. Fig evels for ea values in F d profile s the RTA lev Figure E6 Figure E6 w sest to this i ted and adj d one-third matching uency cont e by compa avis Real T ure E5 for ch frequenc igure E5 is hows devia els and tho . If the RT ould be co deal. usted maxim octave band E5 the overall ribution to ring the ma ime Analyze Run 133 at y band and similar to t tion in the se of the un A and pro nstant with um profile pass-by lev A-weighte the overall ximum from r (RTA) 25 Site 505 SB the RTA re he shape of low and adjusted an file maxim frequency. O levels for els d profiles level meas the profil ft (7.6m) fro 2 shows th sults. As in the RTA p high freque d adjusted m ums matche f the data each one-th and the pr ured at a s es to the pa m the cente e unadjusted dicated, sha ass-by spec ncy bands. aximum pr d perfectly sets, the adj ird octave ofile ingle ss-by rline and pe of trum, The ofile , the usted band
Figure E maximum Similar d The aver in Figure at each f show co constant For the a dB. This results in 6: Differen profile leve ifferences w age differen E7. The ru requency ba nsistent tren downward s djusted data indicates th to better agr ces between ls for each ere calculat ces for the n-to-run var nd ranged f ds with fr lope with fr , there is ve at the adjus eement with the measu one-third oc ed for the ad unadjusted a iation betwe rom about equency. F equency go ry little slop tments appl the pass-by E6 red pass-by tave band fr ditional 19 nd adjusted en the both 6.6 to 18.8 or the unad ing from 12 e, and the a ied to the d frequency data and t equency sites, for wh , compared the unadjus dB. Despite justed data .0 dB at 31 verage fairly ifferent freq content. he unadjus ich RTA da to the RTA ted and adj this variati , the differ 5 Hz to 2.3 constantly uency band ted and adj ta was avail data, are sh usted differe on, the ave ence has n dB at 4,000 hovers arou s align the usted able. own nces rages early Hz. nd 8 array
Figure E unadjuste sites Once the cases, all summatio which is dBA. For the next of these Carolina trucks. In about 5ft results ar trucks in dB. This correspon individua 7: Averag d and adjus frequency of the prof n profile w shown in Fi each indiv section of th offsets is ty . These pass these two (1.5m), un e very atyp cluded, the a final avera ding freque l or groups e sound lev ted maximu weighting iles for all f ith the overa gure 69 of t idual truck i is Appendix pically abou -bys (NC16 cases, the 3 like any of ical of the m verage offs ge adjustme ncy band w of the one-th el differen m profile le factors were requencies ll measured he main rep ncluded in , the amoun t 1 dB, exc 61 and NC 15 Hz band the other pr ost of the et, which is nt factor sh hen the rel ird octave b E7 ce between vels for seve applied to were shifted profile. For ort, the adju the addition t of offset v ept for two 16 24) were dominated t ofiles even measured tr shown by th ould be sub ationships b and profiles the measu ral heavy tr the profile by some a the typical stment fact al cases con aried. As sh trucks mea as much as he overall l after the w ucks at any e blue line tracted from etween over . red pass-b uck runs on s for specif mount in or vehicle Run or was deter sidered, wh own in Figu sured at Site 1.6 dB high evel profile eighting wa of the sites in Figure E the profil all profiles y data and all measure ic truck pa der to matc 38 at Lake mined to be ich are show re E8, the r NC16 in N er than the at heights a s applied. T . With these 8, would be e levels for are compar the ment ss-by h the ville, -2.7 n in ange orth other bove hese two 3.05 each ed to
Figure E with the s for 21 tru Applying summing directly matched. about 1ft profile, t than thos under the pressure the energ example mean tha with a ran 8: Offsets r ummation p ck pass-by the frequen them to p measured, u This can be (0.3m) and he summatio e below 5.5 summation levels of ea y in the me cases of Fig t the energy ge of about equired to m rofile maxi events cy weightin roduce an o nadjusted seen in the 5.5ft (1.7m n profile is ft (1.7m). T profile and ch profile o asured and ure E8. Th for the me 1 dB. atch the m mum produc g to the in verall leve overall prof profiles of ). Once the greater than o quantify measured p n an energy adjusted ov ese differen asured prof E8 easured ov ed from the dividual one l profile, ty ile even th Figure 60 o summation the measu how much rofile can b (pressure-s erall profil ces are sho ile is greate erall A-weig adjusted on -third octav pically pro ough the p f the main profile go red; howeve is âlostâ by e determine quared) bas es were cal wn in Figur r. On avera hted profile e-third octa e band prof duces lower rofile maxi report betw es higher th r, the noise the adjustm d by summi is. The diff culated on t e E9, wher ge, the diffe maximum ve band pr iles and the levels than mum level een elevatio an the mea levels are l ent, the en ng the indiv erences bet his basis fo e positive v rence is 0.7 level ofiles n re- the s are ns of sured ower ergy idual ween r the alues dB,
Figure E levels an profiles f ADDITI LEVEL The follo the maxim 9: Differenc d the levels or 21 truck p ONAL HE METHOD wing examp um profile e between th of the summ ass-by even AVY TRU les show th level metho e energy su ation profil ts CK EXAM e uncorrecte d, which wa E9 mmation of e produced f PLES U d and corre s described the measure rom the adj SING THE cted one-thi in the main d overall A usted one-t MAXIM rd octave ba report. -weighted p hird octave UM PROF nd profiles u rofile band ILE sing
Figure E source w Figure E1 11: Correct ith a -3 dB a 0: Uncorrec ed vertical p djustment ted vertical rofiles mea E10 profiles mea sured for R sured for R un 115 at 5 un 115 at 50 05 SB2, ba 5 SB2 sed on the point
Figure E source w Figure E12 13: Correct ith a -3.4 dB : Uncorrec ed vertical p adjustment ted vertical rofiles mea E11 profiles mea sured for R sured for R un 119 at 5 un 119 at 50 05 SB2, ba 5 SB2 sed on the point
Figure E source w Figure E1 15: Correct ith a -3.7 dB 4: Uncorrec ed vertical p adjustment ted vertical rofiles mea E12 profiles mea sured for R sured for R un 128 at 5 un 128 at 50 05 SB2, ba 5 SB2 sed on the point
Figure E source w Figure E1 17: Correct ith a -2.7 dB 6: Uncorrec ed vertical p adjustment ted vertical rofiles mea E13 profiles mea sured for R sured for R un 131 at 5 un 131 at 50 05 SB2, ba 5 SB2 sed on the point
Figure E source w Figure E1 19: Correct ith a -2.8 dB 8: Uncorrec ed vertical p adjustment ted vertical rofiles mea E14 profiles mea sured for R sured for R un 133 at 5 un 133 at 50 05 SB2, ba 5 SB2 sed on the point
Figure E source w Figure E2 21: Correct ith a -3.3 dB 0: Uncorrec ed vertical adjustment ted vertical profiles me E15 profiles me asured for R asured for R un 62 at 5 un 62 at 50 05 NB1, ba 5 NB1 sed on the point
Figure E source w Figure E2 23: Correct ith a -3.5 dB 2: Uncorrec ed vertical adjustment ted vertical profiles me E16 profiles me asured for R asured for R un 65 at 5 un 65 at 50 05 NB1, ba 5 NB1 sed on the point
Figure E source w Figure E2 25: Correct ith a -2.95 d 4: Uncorrec ed vertical B adjustmen ted vertical profiles me t E17 profiles me asured for R asured for R un 79 at 5 un 79 at 50 05 NB1, ba 5 NB1 sed on the point
Figure E with a -2 Figure E 27: Correct .6 dB adjust 26: Uncorr ed vertical p ment ected vertic rofiles mea E18 al profiles m sured for Ru easured for n 21 at NC Run 21 at N 1, based on C1 the point source
Figure E with a -2 Figure E 29: Correct .6 dB adjust 28: Uncorr ed vertical p ment ected vertic rofiles mea E19 al profiles m sured for Ru easured for n 65 at NC Run 65 at N 2, based on C2 the point source
Figure E with a -2 Figure E 31: Correct .7 dB adjust 30: Uncorr ed vertical p ment ected vertic rofiles mea E20 al profiles m sured for Ru easured for n 27 at NC Run 27 at N 3, based on C3 the point source
Figure E with a -2 Figure E 33: Correct .7 dB adjust 32: Uncorr ed vertical p ment ected vertic rofiles mea E21 al profiles m sured for Ru easured for n 46 at NC Run 46 at N 4, based on C4 the point source
Figure E with a -2 Figure E 35: Correct .5 dB adjust 34: Uncorr ed vertical p ment ected vertic rofiles mea E22 al profiles m sured for Ru easured for n 74 at NC Run 74 at N 5, based on C5 the point source
Figure E with a -3 Figure E 37: Correct .5 dB adjust 36: Uncorr ed vertical p ment ected vertic rofiles mea E23 al profiles m sured for Ru easured for n 16 at NC Run 16 at N 7, based on C7 the point so urce
Figure E with a -3 Figure E 39: Correct dB adjustm 38: Uncorr ed vertical p ent ected vertic rofiles mea E24 al profiles m sured for Ru easured for n 34 at NC Run 34 at N 7, based on C7 the point source
Figure E with a -2 Figure E 41: Correct .45 dB adjus 40: Uncorr ed vertical p tment ected vertic rofiles mea E25 al profiles m sured for Ru easured for n 38 at NC Run 38 at N 7, based on C7 the point source
Figure E with a -4 Figure E 43: Correct .2 dB adjust 42: Uncorr ed vertical p ment ected vertic rofiles mea E26 al profiles m sured for Ru easured for n 50 at NC Run 50 at N 8, based on C8 the point source
Figure E with a -3 Figure E 45: Correct .1 dB adjust 44: Uncorr ed vertical p ment ected vertic rofiles mea E27 al profiles m sured for Ru easured for n 56 at NC Run 56 at N 8, based on C8 the point source
Figure E with a -4 Figure E 47: Correct .3 dB adjust 46: Uncorr ed vertical p ment ected vertica rofiles meas E28 l profiles m ured for Ru easured for n 24 at NC1 Run 24 at N 6, based on C16 the point source
Figure E with a -2 Figure E 49: Correct .8 dB adjust 48: Uncorr ed vertical p ment ected vertica rofiles meas E29 l profiles m ured for Ru easured for n 38 at NC1 Run 38 at N 6, based on C16 the point source
Figure E with a -4 Figure E 51: Correct .23 dB adjus 50: Uncorr ed vertical p tment ected vertica rofiles meas E30 l profiles m ured for Ru easured for n 61 at NC1 Run 61 at N 6, based on C16 the point source
ENERG In additi positione profiles f the profi Compare spot leve The diffe Similar t between well as th The resu lower fre reduction profile le overall o maximum measured Figure E pavemen the profil Y SUMMA on to comp d 3.3ft (1m or the louds le, as show d to Figure l is even a g rences show o the maxim the spot lev e difference lting profile quency ban at the low vel method r the summ profile lev overall pro 52: One-th t, determine e TION ADJ aring the sp ) above the peaker), the n in Figure 56 of the m reater than n in Figur um profile el and the measured a s are shown d profiles in er frequenc . The curva ation profil el at 3.3ft file. ird octave d by the ma USTMENT ot level to ground (se spot level E52 for e ain report, the differen e E52 range level appr energy sum t the overal in Figure E Figure E53 y bands is m ture of the e using the (1m) for th band level ximum leve E31 FACTOR the maxim e Figure 55 could also b ach one-thir the differen ce between from 8.1 d oach discus mation mea l A-weighte 53. Compa are shifted ore than 5 summation maximum e summatio s for a sm l of the cont DEVELOP um profile of the mai e compared d octave b ce between the profile m BA at 4,00 sed in the sured at eac d levels wer red to Figur down in lev dBA great profile is n profile leve n profile is all loudspe our (spot) a MENT level for sm n report for to the ener and, as wel the energy aximum an 0 Hz to 28 main report h one-third e used as ad e 57 of the el below 55 er than usin arrower th l method. A shifted 0.9 aker 3.3ft nd the ener all loudsp the uncorr gy summati l as the ov average an d the spot l dBA at 315 , the differe octave ban justment fac main repor dBA. This g the maxi an the mea dditionally dBA abov (1m) above gy summati eaker ected on of erall. d the evel. Hz. nces d, as tors. t, the level mum sured , the e the the on of
Figure E pavemen summatio The ener for the gr shown in loudspea steeper th correctio report for lower fre influence using the Using th locations measured 53: Corre t, using the a n method gy summati ound level Figure E5 ker and the an those fo n factors at the maxim quency ban of the low energy sum e average c , the result overall pro cted vertica verage of th on method loudspeaker 4, as well average of und using th the higher f um profile l ds are highe er frequency mation meth orrection f ant summat file. l profiles e 3.3ft (1m) was used at . The averag as the corr the both. Th e maximum requencies a evel method r in Figure bands on t od. actors for b ion profile E32 measured f speaker co 10 addition e calculated ection facto e slopes of profile lev re lower tha by as much E54 by as m he summati oth the gro is shifted or loudspe rrection fac al sites to c correction rs calculate correction el method i n those sho as 2.7 dBA uch as 6.7 on profile w und level approximate aker 3.3ft tors calcula alculated ad s at each fre d above fo factors vers n the main r wn in Figur , the correct dBA. This ould be red and 3.3ft ( ly 2 dBA (1m) above ted by the en justment fa quency ban r the 3.3ft us frequenc eport. Whil e 58 of the ion factors a indicates tha uced even 1m) loudsp higher than the ergy ctors d are (1m) y are e the main t the t the more eaker the
Figure E loudspea The corre 38 at Lak differenc 4.1 dBA profiles w the lowe Figure 59 approxim levels at the curva 54: One-th ker data, wi ction factor eville. Simi e between th . When the ere those s r frequencie of the mai ately 4 to 4 heights abov ture of the s ird octave b th the avera s determine lar to the m e measured one-third o hown in Fig s are about n report. A .5 dBA. W e 6ft (1.8m ummation p and freque ge of both d above usin aximum pro overall pro ctave band ure E55. A 4 to 5 dBA dditionally, hile the ene ) more effe rofile is sign E33 ncy correct g the energy file level me file and the profiles we s expected lower in l the higher f rgy summa ctively than ificantly re ions from g summation thod, the co summation re shifted b based on th evel than th requency pr tion correct the maximu duced at hei round leve method wa rrection fac profile at th y this amou e loudspeak e low frequ ofiles are h ion factors m profile c ghts below l and 3.3ft s applied to tors resulted e ground lev nt, the resu er results ab ency profil igher in lev reduce the orrection fac 6ft (1.8m). (1m) Run in a el of lting ove, es in el by noise tors,
Figure E site, base Figure E summatio vehicles above in uncorrect energy, t profile m versus he from the frequency adjustme and the a 55: Correct d on the poi 56 shows th ns to the ov at 19 additi Figure E7 ed is indica he 315 and aximums o ight are mo profile ma bands. Be nts on match djusted sum ed vertical p nt source w e average erall level m onal test sit , the impro ted by the 400 Hz band f Figure E7 re gradual ximum con cause of thi ing the pro mation of th rofiles mea ith a -4.1 dB difference b easured at es. Similar vement fro slope of th s are somew . This occur than the hig tribute rela s bias, it wa file maximu e weighted E34 sured for a adjustment etween the a single mic to the maxi m the corr e difference hat higher s because th her frequen tively mor s decided t m levels bet profiles. typical tru unadjusted rophone loc mum profile ected profi being flat (~4 dB) tha e slopes fo cies. As a e energy th o retain bas ween the m ck (Run 38) and adjuste ation (RTA average d le energy c ter. For the n the other r these band result, the d an they do ing the freq easured ove at the Lak d profile en data) for se ifferences sh ompared to adjusted p bands, unlik s of sound ata points for the h uency weig rall level pro eville ergy veral own the rofile e the level away igher hting files
Figure E unadjuste measurem 56: Averag d and adj ent sites e sound le usted profi vel differen le energy s E35 ce between ummations the meas for severa ured pass-b l heavy tru y data and ck runs o the n all
