Practices for Evaluating the Economic Impacts and Benefits of Transit (2017)

Below is the uncorrected machine-read text of this chapter, intended to provide our own search engines and external engines with highly rich, chapter-representative searchable text of each book. Because it is UNCORRECTED material, please consider the following text as a useful but insufficient proxy for the authoritative book pages.

65 RefeRences AECOM and Smart Growth America, Making the Case for Transit: WMATA Regional Benefits of Transit, Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority, Washington, D.C., 2011 [Online]. Available: https://www.wmata.com/pdfs/planning/WMATA%20Making%20the%20Case%20 for%20Transit%20Final%20Report%20Jan-2012.pdf. Austin Economic Development Department, Austin Economic Analysis: Case Study of Urban Rail. Sustainable Places Project, Austin, Tex., 2013 [Online]. Available: ftp://ftp.austintexas.gov/ Sustainable_Places_Project/Sustainable%20Places%20Project/Technical%20Report.pdf. Bleakly Advisory Group, Inc.; Economic Development Research Group, Inc.; and Kimley- Horn Associates, Inc., Economic Impact Analysis of the Downtown Green Line Vision Plan and Georgia Multi-modal Passenger Terminal, Central Atlanta Progress/Atlanta Down- town Improvement District, Atlanta, Ga., 2012 [Online]. Available: http://clatl.com/images/ blogimages/2012/01/27/1327695584-12_01-green_line-mmpt_economic_impact_analysis- summary_report-final.pdf. Bollinger, C.R. and K.R. Ihlanfeldt, “The Impact of Rapid Rail Transit on Economic Develop- ment: The Case of Atlanta’s MARTA,” Journal of Urban Economics, Vol. 42, pp. 179–204, 1997 [Online]. Available: http://gatton.uky.edu/faculty/bollinger/Workingpapers/JUEMARTA.pdf. Burkhardt, J.E., J.L. Hedrick, and A.T. McGavock, TCRP Report 34: Assessment of the Economic Impacts of Rural Public Transportation, Transportation Research Board, National Research Council, Washington, D.C., 1998 [Online]. Available: http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/tcrp/ tcrp_rpt_34.pdf. Cambridge Systematics, Inc.; R. Cervero; and D. Aschauer, TCRP Report 35: Economic Impact Analysis of Transit Investments: Guidebook for Practitioners, Transportation Research Board, National Research Council, Washington, D.C., 1998 [Online]. Available: http://onlinepubs.trb. org/onlinepubs/tcrp/tcrp_rpt_35.pdf. Cambridge Systematics, Inc., Economic Impacts of West Central Florida’s 2025 Regional Transit Needs Assessment, West Central Florida Chairs Coordinating Committee, 2005 [Online]. Avail- able: www.planhillsborough.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/03/Economic-Benefits-of-Regional- Transit-Final-Report.pdf. Cambridge Systematics, Inc., Regional Transit System: Return on Investment Assessment, Itasca Proj- ect, Minneapolis, Minn., 2012 [Online]. Available: https://www.theitascaproject.com/Transit%20 ROI%20exec%20summary%20Nov%202012_FINAL.pdf. Cambridge Systematics, Inc., NCHRP Research Results Digest 393: Selected Indirect Benefits of State Investment in Public Transportation, Transportation Research Board of the National Acad- emies, Washington, D.C., 2015 [Online]. Available: http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/nchrp/ nchrp_rrd_393.pdf. Carrigan, A., et al., Embarq. Social, Environmental, and Economic Impacts of BRT Systems, Bus Rapid Transit Case Studies from Around the World, World Resources Institute, HSBC, Washington, D.C., 2013 [Online]. Available: www.wrirosscities.org/sites/default/files/Social-Environmental- Economic-Impacts-BRT-Bus-Rapid-Transit-EMBARQ.pdf. Carstensen, F., et al., The Impact of the Regional Transit Strategy on the Capitol Region of Con- necticut: A Dynamic Impact Analysis, Connecticut Center for Economic Analysis for the Capital Region Council of Governments, Hartford, Conn., 2001 [Online]. Available: http://ccea.uconn. edu/studies/CRCOG%20Regional%20Transit%20Strategy%20Final%20Report.PDF. Chatman, D.G., et al., Methodology for Determining the Economic Development Impacts of Transit Projects. TCRP Web Only Document 56, Transportation Research Board of the National Acad- emies, Washington, D.C., 2004 [Online]. Available: http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/tcrp/ tcrp_w56.pdf. Chicago Metropolis 2020, Time is Money: The Economic Benefits of Transit Investment, Chicago Metropolis 2020, Chicago, Ill, 2007 [Online]. Available: http://edrgroup.com/pdf/timeismoney.pdf. Chmura Economics & Analytics, The Economic Impacts of the Proposed Broad Street Bus Rapid Transit in the City of Richmond and Henrico County, prepared for Michael Baker Intl., 2012 [Online]. Available: www.ridegrtc.com/media/news/BRT_Econ_Impacts_FINAL_2014_May.pdf.

66 Clark, W., S. Kane, and T. Shepherd, The Economic Impact of the Metropolitan Atlanta Rapid Transit Authority on the Economy and Labor Mobility of the Region, Carl Vinson Institute of Govern- ment, University of Georgia, Athens, 2012 [Online]. Available: www.caes.uga.edu/center/caed/ pubs/2012/documents/MARTAFinalReport.pdf. Clower, T.L., M. Bomba, O. Wilson-Chavez, and M. Gray, Through Recession and Recovery: Economic and Fiscal Impacts of Capital and Operating Spending by Dallas Area Rapid Tran- sit, University of North Texas Center for Economic Development and Research, Denton, 2014 [Online]. Available: www.dart.org/about/economicdevelopment/January2014DARTEconomic andFiscalImpacts.pdf. Colin Buchanan and Volterra Partners Limited, The Economic Benefits of Crossrail: Final Report, Lon- don, U.K., 2007 [Online]. Available: http://74f85f59f39b887b696f-ab656259048fb93837ecc0ecb cf0c557.r23.cf3.rackcdn.com/assets/library/document/t/original/the_economic_benefits_of_ crossrail-october_2007.pdf. Cooper, D., Assessing the Economic Benefits of Increased Investment in Los Angeles’s Public Transit Infrastructure, Economic Policy Institute, Washington, D.C., 2012 [Online]. Available: www.epi. org/files/2012/ib334-assessing-economic-benefits-transit-rail.pdf. Crossrail Ltd., Crossrail Business Case: Summary Report, Transport for London, 2010 [Online]. Available: http://74f85f59f39b887b696f-ab656259048fb93837ecc0ecbcf0c557.r23.cf3.rackcdn. com/assets/library/document/c/original/crossrailbusinesscasefinal300710.pdf. Delcan Arup, et al., Appendix 8H: Economic Impacts, Metrolinx, Toronto, ON, Canada 2010 [Online]. Available: www.gotransit.com/electrification/en/current_study/Appendix%20Files/ Appendix%208H.pdf. Department for Transport, The Transport Business Case, London, U.K., 2013 [Online]. Available: www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/85930/dft-transport- business-case.pdf. Economic & Planning Systems, Inc. (EPS) and CHS Consulting Group (CHS), SFMTA Transit Eco- nomic Benefits Study, Contract No. SFMTA-2014-40, San Francisco Municipal Transportation Agency, 2015 [Online]. Available: https://www.sfmta.com/sites/default/files/agendaitems/2015/ 8-18-15%20Item%2012%20Transit%20Economic%20Benefits%20Study.pdf. Economic Development Research Group (EDR Group) et al., Interactions Between Transportation Capacity, Economic Systems, and Land Use, SHRP 2 Report S2-C03-RR-1, Strategic Highway Research Program 2, Transportation Research Board of the National Academies, Washington, D.C., 2012 [Online]. Available: http://www.trb.org/Publications/Blurbs/166934.aspx Economic Development Research Group (EDR Group), The Role of Transit in Support of High Growth Business Clusters in the U.S., American Public Transportation Association, Wash- ington, D.C., 2014 [Online]. Available: www.apta.com/resources/reportsandpublications/ Documents/TransitHighGrowthClustersUS-Final2013-1124.pdf. Economic Development Research Group (EDR Group) and COMPASS: Transportation & Tech- nology, Inc., TCRP Report 186: Economic Impact Case Study Tool for Transit, Transportation Research Board of the National Academies, Washington, D.C., 2016 [Online]. Available: http:// www.trb.org/Publications/Blurbs/174387. Economic Development Research Group (EDR Group), Public Transportation’s Role in the Knowl- edge Economy, American Public Transportation Association, Washington, D.C., 2016 [Online]. Available: www.apta.com/resources/reportsandpublications/Documents/APTA-PT-Knowledge- Economy.pdf. Economic Development Research Group (EDR Group), and AECOM, The Economic Impacts of High Speed Rail: Transforming the Midwest, Midwest High Speed Rail Association. Chicago, Ill., 2011 [Online]. Available: http://goziprail.org/pdfs/EconomicImpactsofHSR2011.pdf. Economic Development Research Group, Inc. (EDR Group), and TranSystems Corporation, Eco- nomic Impact of Passenger Rail Expansion Along the New Hampshire Capital Corridor, New Hampshire Rail Transit Authority, Concord, 2010 [Online]. Available: www.edrgroup.com/pdf/ NH-PassRail-Economic-Impact-Memo.pdf. Economy League of Greater Philadelphia and Econsult Solutions, Inc., Understanding SEPTA’s Statewide Economic Value, Economy League of Greater Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pa., 2013 [Online]. Available: www.septa.org/sustain/pdf/Understanding_SEPTAs_Statewide_Economic_ Value_0.pdf. ECONorthwest and Parsons Brinckerhoff Quade & Douglas, Inc., TCRP Report 78: Estimating the Benefits and Costs of Public Transit Projects: A Guidebook for Practitioners, Transportation

67 Research Board of the National Academies, Washington, D.C., 2002 [Online]. Available: http:// onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/tcrp/tcrp78/guidebook/tcrp78.pdf. Ewing, R. and R. Cervero, “Travel and the Built Environment: A Meta-Analysis,” Journal of the American Planning Association, Vol. 76, No. 3, 2010. Faulk, D. and M. Hicks, “The Economic Effects of Bus Transit in Small Cities,” Public Finance Review, Vol. 38, No. 5, 2010, pp. 513–539. Ferrell, C.E., The Benefits of Transit in the United States: A Review and Analysis of Benefit-Cost Studies, Report WP 12-04, Mineta Transportation Institute, San Jose, Calif., 2015 [Online]. Avail- able: http://transweb.sjsu.edu/PDFs/research/1425-US-transit-benefit-cost-analysis-study.pdf. Ganning, J. and A.C. Nelson, National Study of BRT Development Outcomes, Final Report, NITC- UU-14-650, National Institute for Transportation and Communities (NITC), 2015 [Online]. Available: http://t4america.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/NATIONAL-STUDY-OF-BRT- DEVELOPMENT-OUTCOMES-11-30-15.pdf. Godavarthy, R., J. Mattson, and E. Ndembe, Cost-Benefit Analysis of Rural and Small Urban Transit, National Center for Transit Research, U.S. Department of Transportation, Washington, D.C., 2014 [Online]. Available: www.nctr.usf.edu/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/77060-NCTR-NDSU03.pdf. Goldsmith, S., M. Killorin, and E. Larson, The Economic Benefits of Public Transportation in Anchorage, Institute of Social and Economic Research, University of Alaska, Anchorage, 2006 [Online]. Available: www.iser.uaa.alaska.edu/Publications/final_beneoftransit.pdf. Golub, A., S. Guhathakurta, and B. Sollapuram, Light Rail Economic Impact Analysis Task 1 Final Report, Arizona State University School of Geographical Science and Urban Planning, Tempe, 2011 [Online]. Available: www.public.asu.edu/~agolub1/WP/LRT_Impact_Analysis_Task1_ Working_Paper.pdf. Goody Clancy, et al., South Coast Rail Economic Development and Land Use Plan, prepared for Massachusetts Department of Transportation, Boston, 2009 [Online]. Available: www.massdot. state.ma.us/Portals/41/Docs/programs/CorridorLowRes.pdf. HDR-HLB Decision Economics, The Socio-Economic Benefits of Transit in Wisconsin, Phase II: Benefit-Cost Analysis, Report 0092-05-14, Wisconsin Department of Transportation, Madison, 2006 [Online]. Available: http://wisconsindot.gov/Documents/doing-bus/local-gov/astnce-pgms/ transit/05-14.pdf. HDR Decision Economics, Economic and Community Benefits of Local Bus Transit Service (Phase Two), Michigan Department of Transportation, Lansing, 2010 [Online]. Available: www.michigan.gov/documents/mdot/MDOT-EconomicBenefitsCaseStudy_328979_7.pdf. HDR Decision Economics, Costs and Benefits of Public Transit in South Dakota, South Dakota Department of Transportation, Pierre, 2011 [Online]. Available: www.sddot.com/transportation/ transit/Docs/SDDOTPublicTransitResearchProject.pdf. HDR, Inc. and iTRANS, Appendix P: Cost/Benefit and Economic Analysis, Durham Region Tran- sit Commission, Whitby, ON, Canada, n.d. [Online]. Available: www.durham.ca/pdf/transit/ DRTLTTS/Appendices/AppendixPCostBenEconAnalysis.pdf. Hughes-Cromwick, P., Cost Benefit Analysis of Providing Non-Emergency Medical Transportation, TCRP Web Document 29, Transportation Research Board of the National Academies, Washing- ton, D.C., 2005 [Online]. Available: http://www.trb.org/Publications/Blurbs/156625.aspx. Huron Consulting Group, et al., Milwaukee County Transit System Economic Assessment: Depart- ment of Transportation Quantitative and Qualitative Analysis, Washington, D.C., 2015. Institute of Transport and Logistics Studies (University of Sydney) and Economic Development Research Group, The Wider Impacts and Transport Planning: An Examination of the Bus Rapid Transit Options for the Northern Beaches, Transport for New South Wales, 2012 [Online]. Available: summarized in www.edrgroup.com/pdf/Weisbrod-Mulley-Hensher-Thredbo14- paper2.pdf. InterVISTAS Consulting, Inc., Economic Impact of Mayors’ Transportation and Transit Plan 2014– 2045, Vancouver Mayor’s Council, Vancouver, B.C., Canada, 2015 [Online]. Available: http:// mayorscouncil.ca/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Economic-Impact-of-Mayors-Transportation- and-Transit-Plan-2014-2045-.pdf. Itasca Project, “Regional Transit System: Return on Investment Assessment,” presentation, Nov. 2012 [Online]. Available: www.transportationalliance.com/sites/default/files/Itasca%20Project%20- %20Transit%20ROI%20Nov%202012.pdf. Littman, T., Evaluating Public Transit Benefits and Costs: Best Practices Guidebook, Victoria Trans- port Policy Institute, 2015 [Online]. Available: www.vtpi.org/tranben.pdf.

68 Metropolitan Knowledge International (MKI), McCormick Rankin Corporation, and J. Casello, The Economic Impact of Transit Investment: A National Survey, prepared for the Canadian Urban Transportation Association, 2010 [Online]. Available: http://cutaactu.ca/sites/default/files/final_ cuta-economicbenefitsoftransit-finalreportesept2010.pdf. PB Consult, Sound Transit 2: Benefit-Cost Analysis—Methodology Report with Analysis Results, Sound Transit, Seattle, Wash., 2008 [Online]. Available: www.ecy.wa.gov/climate change/2008CATdocs/IWG/tran/082708_st2_b-c_methods_report_and_results.pdf. Regional Plan Association, The ARC Effect: How Better Transit Boosts Home Values & Local Econo- mies, Regional Plan Association, New York, N.Y., 2010 [Online]. Available: www.rpa.org/pdf/ RPA-The-ARC-Effect.pdf. Southworth, F., D.P. Vogt, and T.R. Curlee, “Rural Transit Systems Benefits in Tennes- see: Methodology and an Empirical Study,” Environment and Planning A, Vol. 37, 2005, pp. 861–875. Stanley, R.G. and P.G. Hendren, TCRP Synthesis 56: Performance-Based Measures in Transit Fund Allocation, Transportation Research Board of the National Academies, Washington, D.C., 2004 [Online]. Available: http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/tcrp/tcrp_syn_56.pdf. Steer Davies Gleave; Economic Development Research Group, Inc.; and Metropolitan Knowl- edge International, Hamilton King–Main Benefits Case, Metrolinx, Toronto, ON, Canada, 2010 [Online]. Available: www.metrolinx.com/en/regionalplanning/projectevaluation/benefitscases/ Benefits_Case-Hamilton.pdf. Transportation Economics & Management Systems, Inc., (TEMS), Purple Line Preliminary Eco- nomic Impact Study: Update, Maryland Transit Administration, Baltimore, 2015 [Online]. Available: www.choosemontgomerymd.com/documents/Final_Purple_Line_Preliminary_ Economic_Impact_Study_Update__03.06.2015_pt2.pdf. Treasury Board of Canada, Business Case Guide, Ottawa, ON, Canada, 2009 [Online]. Available: www.tbs-sct.gc.ca/emf-cag/business-rentabilisation/bcg-gar/bcg-gar-eng.pdf. Urbanomics, The Anticipated Economic Impacts of Introducing Light Rail to New York City’s 42nd Street, prepared for vision42, 2005 [Online]. Available: http://vision42.org/wp-content/ uploads/2015/05/E_2_economic_study.pdf. Watson, P., et al., “Determining Economic Contributions and Impacts: What Is the Difference and Why Do We Care?” Journal of Regional Analysis and Policy, Vol. 37, No. 2, 2007, pp. 140–146 [Online]. Available: http://jrap-journal.org/pastvolumes/2000/v37/F37-2-6.pdf. Weinstein, B.L. and T.L. Clower, The Initial Economic Impacts of the DART LRT System, Univer- sity of North Texas Center for Economic Development and Research, Denton, 1999 [Online]. Available: http://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc30378/m2/1/high_res_d/Clower- 1999-Initial_Economic_Impacts_DART_LRT.pdf. Weisbrod, G., NCHRP Synthesis 290: Procedures for Assessing Economic Development Impacts from Transportation Investments, Transportation Research Board, National Research Council, Washington, D.C., 2000 [Online]. Available: http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/nchrp/nchrp_ syn_290.pdf. Weisbrod, G. and C. Duncan, “Integrating Multiple Economic Analysis Methods for More Effective Decision Making: Three-Dimensional Framework,” Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, No. 2597, Transportation Research Board of the National Academies, Washington, D.C., 2016, pp. 99–107. Weisbrod, G., D. Cutler, and C. Duncan, Economic Impact of Public Transportation Investment, 2014 Update, American Public Transportation Association, Washington, D.C., 2014 [Online]. Available: https://www.apta.com/resources/reportsandpublications/Documents/Economic- Impact-Public-Transportation-Investment-APTA.pdf. Wisconsin Department of Transportation (WisDOT), The Socio-Economic Benefits of Transit in Wisconsin. No. 0092-03-07, Wisconsin Department of Transportation, Madison, 2003 [Online]. Available: http://www.ci.wausau.wi.us/Portals/0/Departments/Transit/Documents/Transit%20 Cost%20Benefit%20Analysis.pdf.