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Inventory of State and Federal Passenger and Freight Rail Programs (2017)

Chapter: Port of Miami Rail Project

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Suggested Citation:"Port of Miami Rail Project." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2017. Inventory of State and Federal Passenger and Freight Rail Programs. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/24788.
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Suggested Citation:"Port of Miami Rail Project." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2017. Inventory of State and Federal Passenger and Freight Rail Programs. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/24788.
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Suggested Citation:"Port of Miami Rail Project." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2017. Inventory of State and Federal Passenger and Freight Rail Programs. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/24788.
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Page 27
Suggested Citation:"Port of Miami Rail Project." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2017. Inventory of State and Federal Passenger and Freight Rail Programs. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/24788.
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Page 27
Page 28
Suggested Citation:"Port of Miami Rail Project." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2017. Inventory of State and Federal Passenger and Freight Rail Programs. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/24788.
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Page 29
Suggested Citation:"Port of Miami Rail Project." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2017. Inventory of State and Federal Passenger and Freight Rail Programs. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/24788.
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Page 29

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28  Project Background This project addresses present concerns and issues in the Miami region, such as:   Preparing for anticipated cargo volumes due to the opening of the Panama Canal which will improve economic competitiveness and support local job creation.  Reducing truck traffic on Interstate 95.  Reducing the transportation cost of moving freight from the Port of Miami to local and regional consumers. South Florida has long served as the crossroads of bi‐directional international and domestic freight  traffic.  Southbound traffic into South Florida is mainly driven by local consumption and exports to the  Caribbean and Latin America.  On the other hand, northbound traffic from South Florida is driven by  demand from northern U.S. states for commodities found in Florida such as orange juice, landscape  materials and imports from Latin America.  Truck service to South Florida has become increasingly complicated due to the region’s unique  geography and market profiles.  The sheer population density of South Florida – triggered by rapidly  developing residential and tourist sector growth – has led to a significant freight imbalance.  Florida has  recently surpassed New York to become the third most populated state.  In addition, Florida is the  second largest net consumer region in the U.S., fueled by both a large population (over 19 million  residents) and tourism (85 million out‐of‐state visitors annually).   Florida’s dense population has created severe congestion on major transportation corridors, particularly  I‐95, which extends from Jacksonville to Miami.  Traffic delays and congestion result in unreliable truck  transportation.  The shortage or lack of available northbound loads results in imbalanced freight  networks and under‐utilization of assets for carriers.  Fuel prices can further escalate the cost of serving  South Florida by truck.  Project Objectives The project objectives included:   Restore a  rail service  to  the Port of Miami which ceased operation after Hurricane Wilma destroyed the rail bridge to Port Miami in 2005;  Provide alternative  transportation options  to  serve  the growing Florida market, as well as the larger U.S. Southeast market;  Provide efficient and cost effective rail service to ensure Port Miami remains competitive; Partners: State, County, Railroad PROJECT BUDGET USDOT (TIGER GRANT) $22,800,000 Florida DOT $10,900,000 Florida East Coast RR (State Loan) $10,900,000 Miami‐Dade County (Bridge Reconstruction) $4,800,000 Total Project Cost  $49,400,000 CASE STUDY 2 ‐ Port of Miami 

  29     Maintain  competitive posture  to keep existing businesses and attract new  industries  that  need rail service immediately and in the future; and   Maximize  funding  options  for  infrastructure  improvements  that  are  not  available  to  private entities.  Project Achievements The partners approached this project as a team, in order to leverage each entity’s business structure and  skills.  Not only did funding need to be secured, but the project needed to be completed within budget,  scope, and schedule guidelines set by the funding authorities.   The overall project was divided into three separate projects which allowed each agency to  leverage their respective strengths.  This method of concurrent project development allowed each  agency to focus their resources on the design and build of a specific project independent of the  other two.  Overall risk was reduced because each of the partners was assigned a project that  matched its expertise, enabling the full project to be completed in a cost effective and timely  manner.   Private industry (FEC) took the lead in the material procurement process; this was instrumental in  leveraging the FEC’s economies of scale in the purchase of rail and other construction related  materials.  The use of FEC’s maintenance labor force also reduced the duration of construction  time due to the ability to efficiently schedule trained workers familiar with the project.   The award of federal TIGER funding added complexity due to certain provisions in a federal grant  agreement.  For each award a detailed statement of work (SOW) is required. In addition, the  grantee is obligated to meet all federal laws, rules and regulations set forth in the respective  modal administration.  All awards must be administered pursuant to the Uniformed  Administrative Requirements, Cost Principles and Audit Requirements for Federal Awards.  The  obligations include planning requirements, Service Outcome agreements, Stakeholder  Agreements, Buy America compliance, and other TIGER program mandates.  These requirements  created a need for additional back office support and procedures, as well as a more intensive data  collection as outlined in the grant fund documents.   As of early 2015, all three projects were complete:  o Rail line access lead to port.  o Bascule Rail Bridge rehabilitation.  o All phases of the port’s ICTF (Intermodal Container Terminal Facility).  The first phase of  the ICTF was completed and operational in October 2013.  Followed by the completion of  the final phase in January 2015.    A joint marketing program is utilized by the port and the FEC to grow the overall metro area’s rail  business.  This enables a single message to be presented to potential clients, as well as the ability to find  an answer that meets the needs of port, railway, and shipper. 

30  Project Outcome  Rail volume growth: With the completion of the project in 2013, on‐dock rail service at Port Miami has allowed the FEC to directly serve port customers.  The restoration of the rail and the rebuilding of the bridge have restored rail service to the area.  Carriers can now utilize intermodal transportation services at strategic interchanges instead of trucks.  Decreased road congestion: The completion of the first phase of the on‐dock intermodal yard provided direct rail access to the port.  This enabled direct rail transportation from the port to the mainline, thereby removing trucks from the downtown area.  The trains are now able to run directly to and from the port to the FEC mainline.  Shuttle trains can be built to run between Port Miami and South Florida Logistic Center (SFLC), where the trains can connect with existing FEC Local, CSX & NS northbound trains to inland markets located beyond Jacksonville, FL; diverting cargo from trucks to rail.  Efficient and cost effective rail service. The new rail route reduced the transportation cost of cargo shipments and supported freight moving through Port Miami.  This reconnection project allowed the cargo to arrive directly into the state at Port Miami and avoided higher cost modes and freight corridors.  Greater market opportunities. The strategic location offered shipping lines the ability to use Port Miami as the first port of call.  This project, together with the completion of the expansion of the port, enabled Port Miami to be the only port in the South capable of handling larger vessels, thus ensuring its competitive position. Lessons Learned Partnerships ‐ work best when all parties have a financial stake in the outcome.  With this accomplished,  all parties are able to align their efforts to support the project goals in an efficient manner.    Division of Responsibility ‐ Thoughtful division of responsibilities  between the private and public sectors  improves chances  for success.  This project demonstrates that understanding what each party can bring  to the project is paramount.    Diversity ‐ In addition, it is very important that all parties understand the strengths that each brings to the  project.  Sharing this knowledge encourages full understanding by the partnership and project  responsibilities can be allocated based upon each partner’s strengths.  In this case, the ability of the FEC to  leverage their routine rail procurement process and use their maintenance labor enabled a reduction in  Origin/Destination  Distance Lane Miles Truck Intermodal Jacksonville/Miami 351 6.4 9 Atlanta/Miami 662 22 22.5 Pittsburgh/Miami 1,174 31.3 47 Nashville/Miami 909 26.5 29 Savannah/Miami 484 8.8 13.5 Hours in Transit 

  31    the time and cost of the projects, as opposed to the same procurement being the direct responsibility of  the county or the port.  In all cases, where federal or state money was used, the project labor/materials  had to be procured under the contract requirements of the respective funding agency.  Although  diversification of the partnership was a benefit, strict funding source requirements had to be met by all  parties involved in each project element that was funded with public sources.     Shared Financial Risk ‐ Successful development  initiatives  require financial risk to be shared by  potential beneficiaries.  By having the  FEC  invest  in the reconstruction of the rail line, it was ensured  that the FEC was committed  to the  future success of Port Miami’s expansion.    Project Management ‐ Difficulty in the public jurisdiction’s ability to advance a project efficiently through  the approval system is always a challenge; keeping the project within scope, on budget and on schedule  was instrumental in achieving this goal.  Innovative Funding Measures Innovation was demonstrated in this project in multiple ways.   Public Private Partnership Funding: The collaboration of public and private sector entities who  partnered financially to undertake a project that no individual partner could otherwise develop  demonstrated a creative vision.   Simultaneous Construction Efforts: The partnership assessed options for project delivery.  By  dividing the project into phases (sub‐projects), each asset owner could simultaneously  undertake efforts to meet construction deliverables using their respective procurement and  governance policies and procedures, which saved money and time.  Even though there were  delays due to approvals and the desire to coordinate with other construction projects, this  allocation of project responsibility allowed the project team to stay on schedule.  The  construction phases were then scheduled to be delivered in parallel to other project activities  instead of the usual more linear approach to completing phases in sequence.  As noted above  the three construction projects were:  a. The rehabilitation of the Bascule Rail Bridge – design‐build led by Miami‐Dade  County  b. The construction of the port’s on‐dock ICTF – design‐build led by Port of Miami  c. Off‐port rail renovation of the port lead including the addition of a direct rail  connection from the port lead to the FEC spur leading to FEC’s Hialeah Yard adjacent  to Miami International Airport – contract awarded and completed by FEC   Broad Network Perspective, “Thinking outside the box”: The team was successful because the  project was inspired and designed to meet a system or network solution for freight mobility. In  this case, this project is not only helping the region with traffic congestion brought on by the  port’s expansion opportunity, but also helping to meet the freight needs to support a growing  population and the economic needs of the private sector that needed to improve freight  balance and equipment repositioning needs. 

32  What was innovative about the partnership?  On‐dock rail and direct rail access helped the Port of Miami hit their strategic growth targets, and is used as a marketing tool to attract freight moving to Florida and Southeastern United States consumers.  Synergies with the Port of Everglades’ strategic expansion were realized due to improved freight density and rail network access.  Grade separation projects included in the project improved the flow of traffic which contributed to social and private sector benefits.  This project enabled the redevelopment of a rail bridge that had been destroyed many years earlier by a hurricane and could not be justified by either public or private sector interest individually, yet with a boarder vision and network focus this bridge was essential to realizing project benefits. What was innovative in the project?  The private sector will benefit by improved freight operations and economics.  The public sector was able to leverage rail access to reduce congestion and improve traffic flows in the region.  Rail improvements will allow for future passenger service in the Miami Port area.  Improved transportation multimodal networks will increase regional competitiveness. What measures were used to assess performance?  Volume of truck traffic diverted from roads  Port growth as measured by container lift count  Load balance on the freight rail network  Grade crossing delay time  Air quality measures of SOx and NOx  Increased number of freight jobs in the region Since the project was recently been completed and put into operation, annual measures are not yet  available. 

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TRB's National Cooperative Rail Research Program (NCRRP) Web Only Document 4: Inventory of State and Federal Passenger and Freight Rail Programs explores rail funding trends and objectives, a program taxonomy, an inventory of federal and state programs, and case studies to highlight rail funding innovation in practice.

The Matrix of Rail Programs includes information about 379 state and federal, passenger and freight rail programs. The matrix allows users to compare programs by state or by defining characteristics, including funding types, project types, applicant eligibility, funding objectives, and primary program elements.

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