NOTES
1 Reports of the National Research Council and the National Academies are cited throughout the report as relevant and appear in these endnotes.
2 See http://www.gallup.com/poll/1675/mostimportant-problem.aspx [May 2017].
3 See http://minnesota.cbslocal.com/2017/04/30/vaccine-safety-council-measles-outbreak [May 2017].
4 See https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6406a5.htm?s_cid=mm6406a5_w [May 2017].
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6 Steinberg, R., and Zangwill, W.I. (1983). Prevalence of Braess’ paradox. Transportation Science, 17(3), 301-318.
7 National Academy of Engineering. (2008). Grand Challenges for Engineering. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
8 National Academy of Engineering. (2008). Grand Challenges for Engineering. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
9 See http://weis2017.econinfosec.org [May 2017].
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12 Mellers, B., Stone, E., Murray, T., et al. (2015). Identifying and cultivating superforecasters as a method of improving probabilistic predictions. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 10(3), 267-281.
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19 Salganik, M.J., and Watts, D.J. (2008). Leading the herd astray: An experimental study of self-fulfilling prophecies in an artificial cultural market. Social Psychology Quarterly, 71, 338-355.
20 Frank, R.H. (2016). Success and Luck: Good Fortune and the Myth of Meritocracy. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
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26 Varian, H.R. (2007). Position auctions. International Journal of Industrial Organization, 25, 1163-1178.
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28 See https://www.nsf.gov/about [May 2017].
29 See http://www.pewinternet.org/2015/07/01/chapter-3-support-for-government-funding [May 2017].
30 See https://www.everycrsreport.com/files/20161104R44679_4240907afae9830465342a15697ca5b07a694f23.pdf [May 2017].
31 Von Neumann, J., and Morgenstern, O. (1944). Theory of Games and Economic Behavior. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
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33 Roth, A.E., Sönmez, T., and Ünver, M.U. (2005). A kidney exchange clearinghouse in New England. American Economic Review, 95(2), 376-380.
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35 Roth, A.E. (2015). Who Gets What—and Why: The New Economics of Matchmaking and Market Design. New York: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt.
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37 Personal communication from Hal Varian, professor of economics at the University of California, Berkeley, March 27, 2017.
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46 Case, A., and Deaton, A. (2015). Rising morbidity and mortality in midlife among white non-Hispanic Americans in the 21st century. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 112(49), 15078-15083.
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162 U.S. National Science Foundation. (2011). Rebuilding the Mosaic: Fostering Research in the Social, Behavioral, and Economic Sciences at the National Science Foundation in the Next Decade. Directorate for Social, Behavioral, and Economic Sciences. Washington, DC: National Science Foundation.
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173 See http://www.nber.org/callforpapers/CallforProposalsProductivityInnovationEntrepreneurship.html [May2017].
