Appendix C
Acronyms and Abbreviations
AHRQ |
Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality |
AI |
Adequate Intake |
AICR |
American Institute for Cancer Research |
AMDR |
Adequate Macronutrient Distribution Range |
AMSTAR |
A Measurement Tool to Assess Systematic Reviews |
AR |
Army Regulation |
ARI |
Acceptable Range of Intakes |
BMC |
bone mineral content |
BMD |
bone mineral density |
BMI |
body mass index |
BOND |
Biomarkers of Nutrition for Development |
CCHS |
Canadian Community Health Survey |
CD |
chronic disease |
CDC |
U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention |
CDER |
Center for Drug Evaluation and Research |
CHD |
coronary heart disease |
CI |
confidence interval |
CLA |
conjugated linoleic acid |
CVD |
cardiovascular disease |
DALY |
disability-adjusted life year |
DFE |
dietary folate equivalent |
DGA |
Dietary Guidelines for Americans |
DGAC |
Dietary Guidelines Advisory Committee |
DHA |
docosahexaenoic acid |
DNA |
deoxyribonucleic acid |
DRI |
Dietary Reference Intake |
DV |
daily value |
EAR |
Estimated Average Requirement |
EER |
Estimated Energy Requirement |
EPA |
eicosapentaenoic acid |
EPC |
Evidence-based Practice Center |
FDA |
U.S. Food and Drug Administration |
FFQ |
food frequency questionnaire |
FNB |
Food and Nutrition Board |
GRADE |
Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation |
HHS |
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services |
HR |
hazard ratio |
ICD |
International Classification of Diseases |
IHD |
ischemic heart disease |
IOM |
Institute of Medicine |
LDL |
low-density lipoprotein |
LOAEL |
Lowest-Observed-Adverse-Effect Level |
MDRI |
Military Dietary Reference Intake |
MREs |
Meals Ready-to-Eat |
MUFA |
monounsaturated fatty acid |
NCD |
noncommunicable disease |
NEL |
Nutrition Evidence Library |
NEL BAT |
Nutrition Evidence Library Bias Assessment Tool |
NHANES |
National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey |
NICE |
National Institute for Health and Care Excellence |
NIH |
National Institutes of Health |
NLEA |
Nutrition Labeling and Education Act |
NOAEL |
No-Observed-Adverse-Effect Level |
NOFS |
nutrient or other food substance |
NOS |
Newcastle-Ottawa Scale |
NTD |
neural tube defect |
NTP |
National Toxicology Program |
OHAT |
Office of Health Assessment and Translation |
OR |
odds ratio |
OIS |
optimal information size |
PAH |
polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon |
PICO |
population, intervention, comparator, and outcome |
PICOTS |
population, intervention, comparators, outcomes, timing, and setting |
PREDIMED |
Prevención con Dieta Mediterránea |
PRISMA |
Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis |
PRISMA-P |
Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses for Protocols |
PROSPERO |
prospective register of systematic reviews |
PSA |
prostate-specific antigen |
PUFA |
polyunsaturated fatty acid |
R-AMSTAR |
Revised Assessment of Multiple Systematic Reviews |
RBC |
red blood cell |
RBDI |
Range of Beneficial Decreased Intakes |
RBII |
Range of Beneficial Increased Intakes |
RCT |
randomized controlled trial |
RDA |
Recommended Dietary Allowance |
RDIB |
Range where Decreased Intake is Beneficial |
RIIB |
Range where Increased Intake is Beneficial |
RNI |
Recommended Nutrient Intake |
ROBINS-I |
Risk of Bias in Non-randomized Studies of Interventions |
ROBIS |
Risk of Bias in Systematic Reviews Tool |
RR |
relative risk |
RRR |
relative risk reduction |
SCD |
sudden cardiac death |
SEER |
surveillance, epidemiology, and end results |
SFA |
saturated fatty acid |
SR |
systematic review |
TEP |
technical expert panel |
TFA |
trans fatty acid |
UF |
uncertainty factor |
UL |
Tolerable Upper Intake Level |
USDA |
U.S. Department of Agriculture |
USPSTF |
U.S. Preventive Services Task Force |
UV |
ultraviolet |
WCRF |
World Cancer Research Fund |
WHO |
World Health Organization |