The Challenge of
Treating Obesity
and Overweight
PROCEEDINGS OF A WORKSHOP
Steve Olson, Rapporteur
Roundtable on Obesity Solutions
Food and Nutrition Board
Health and Medicine Division
THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS
Washington, DC
www.nap.edu
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This project was partially supported by the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics; Alliance for a Healthier Generation; American Academy of Pediatrics; American College of Sports Medicine; American Council on Exercise; American Heart Association; American Society for Nutrition; Bipartisan Policy Center; Blue Cross Blue Shield of North Carolina Foundation; The California Endowment; ChildObesity180/Tufts University; Edelman; General Mills Foundation; Greater Rochester Health Foundation; Health Partners Inc.; Healthy Weight Commitment Foundation; The JPB Foundation; Kaiser Permanente; The Kresge Foundation; Mars, Inc.; National Recreation and Park Association; Nemours; Nestlé Nutrition; Nestlé USA; Novo Nordisk; Obesity Action Coalition; The Obesity Society; Partnership for a Healthier America; Reebok, International; Reinvestment Fund; Robert Wood Johnson Foundation; Salud America!; Weight Watchers International, Inc.; and YMCA of the USA.
International Standard Book Number-13: 978-0-309-46370-6
International Standard Book Number-10: 0-309-46370-X
Digital Object Identifier: https://doi.org/10.17226/24855
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Suggested citation: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2017. The challenge of treating obesity and overweight: Proceedings of a workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: https://doi.org/10.17226/24855.
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PLANNING COMMITTEE ON THE CHALLENGE OF TREATING OBESITY AND OVERWEIGHT—A WORKSHOP1
DON W. BRADLEY (Chair), Associate Consulting Professor, Department of Community and Family Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
CAROLINE M. APOVIAN, Professor of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
WILLIAM (BILL) H. DIETZ, Chair, Sumner M. Redstone Global Center for Prevention and Wellness, The George Washington University, Washington, DC
IHUOMA ENELI, Associate Director, American Academy of Pediatrics Institute for Healthy Childhood Weight, Columbus, Ohio
SCOTT I. KAHAN, Medical Director, STOP Obesity Alliance, Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, Washington, DC
THEODORE KYLE, Advocacy Advisor, The Obesity Society, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
NATALIE D. MUTH, Senior Advisor, Healthcare Solutions, American Council on Exercise, San Diego, California
ADAM TSAI, Associate Professor, Internal Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver, Colorado
TRACY ZVENYACH, Associate Director, Novo Nordisk, Washington, DC
Health and Medicine Division Staff
LESLIE J. SIM, Senior Program Officer
HEATHER DEL VALLE COOK, Senior Program Officer
ELEANORE ALEXANDER, Associate Program Officer
AMANDA NGUYEN, Associate Program Officer
DARA SHEFSKA, Research Assistant
RENEE GETHERS, Senior Program Assistant (until September 2017)
CYPRESS LYNX, Senior Program Assistant
ANN L. YAKTINE, Director, Food and Nutrition Board
___________________
1 The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine’s planning committees are solely responsible for organizing the workshop, identifying topics, and choosing speakers. The responsibility for the published Proceedings of a Workshop rests with the workshop rapporteur and the institution.
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ROUNDTABLE ON OBESITY SOLUTIONS1
BILL PURCELL III (Chair), Farmer Purcell White & Lassiter, PLLC, Nashville, Tennessee
RUSSELL R. PATE (Vice Chair), University of South Carolina, Columbia
MARY T. STORY (Vice Chair), Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
SHARON ADAMS-TAYLOR, American Association of School Administrators, Alexandria, Virginia
KATHLEEN ADAMSON, YMCA of the USA, Washington, DC
CAPT HEIDI MICHELS BLANCK, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
JEANNE BLANKENSHIP, Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, Washington, DC
DON W. BRADLEY, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
CEDRIC X. BRYANT, American Council on Exercise, San Diego, California
HEIDI F. BURKE, Greater Rochester Health Foundation, Rochester, New York
DEBBIE I. CHANG, Nemours, Newark, Delaware
JOHN COURTNEY, American Society for Nutrition, Bethesda, Maryland
ANNE DATTILO, Nestlé Nutrition, Florham Park, New Jersey
MERRY DAVIS, Blue Cross and Blue Shield of North Carolina Foundation, Durham
CHRISTINA ECONOMOS, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts
IHUOMA ENELI, American Academy of Pediatrics, Columbus, Ohio
GARY FOSTER, Weight Watchers International, Inc., New York, New York
DAVID D. FUKUZAWA, The Kresge Foundation, Troy, Michigan
PAUL GRIMWOOD, Nestlé USA, Glendale, California
MARJORIE INNOCENT, National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, Baltimore, Maryland
SCOTT I. KAHAN, The George Washington University, Washington, DC
SHIRIKI KUMANYIKA, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
CATHERINE KWIK-URIBE, Mars, Inc., Germantown, Maryland
THEODORE KYLE, The Obesity Society, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
LISEL LOY, Bipartisan Policy Center, Washington, DC
KELLIE MAY, National Recreation and Park Association, Ashburn, Virginia
___________________
1 The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine’s forums and roundtables do not issue, review, or approve individual documents. The responsibility for the published Proceedings of a Workshop rests with the workshop rapporteur and the institution.
MYETA M. MOON, United Way Worldwide, Alexandria, Virginia
JOSEPH NADGLOWSKI, Obesity Action Coalition, Tampa, Florida
BARBARA PICOWER, The JPB Foundation, New York, New York
SUE PECHILIO POLIS, National League of Cities, Washington, DC
AMELIE G. RAMIREZ, Salud America!, San Antonio, Texas
OLIVIA ROANHORSE, Notah Begay III Foundation, Santa Ana Pueblo, New Mexico
NANCY ROMAN, Partnership for a Healthier America, Washington, DC
KEVIN R. RONNEBERG, Health Partners Inc., Minneapolis, Minnesota
SYLVIA ROWE, S.R. Strategy, LLC, Washington, DC
JAMES F. SALLIS, University of California, San Diego
EDUARDO J. SANCHEZ, American Heart Association, Dallas, Texas
PATRICIA L. SMITH, Reinvestment Fund, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
LOEL S. SOLOMON, Kaiser Permanente, Oakland, California
MARION STANDISH, The California Endowment, Oakland, California
MAHA TAHIRI, General Mills Inc., Minneapolis, Minnesota
KATHLEEN TULLIE, Reebok, International, Canton, Massachusetts
TISH VAN DYKE, Edelman, Washington, DC
MONICA HOBBS VINLUAN, Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, Princeton, New Jersey
HOWELL WECHSLER, Alliance for a Healthier Generation, New York, New York
JAMES R. WHITEHEAD, American College of Sports Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
TRACY ZVENYACH, Novo Nordisk, Washington, DC
Health and Medicine Division Staff
LESLIE J. SIM, Senior Program Officer
HEATHER DEL VALLE COOK, Senior Program Officer
ELEANORE ALEXANDER, Associate Program Officer
AMANDA NGUYEN, Associate Program Officer
DARA SHEFSKA, Research Assistant
RENEE GETHERS, Senior Program Assistant (until September 2017)
CYPRESS LYNX, Senior Program Assistant
ANN L. YAKTINE, Director, Food and Nutrition Board
Consultant
WILLIAM (BILL) H. DIETZ, The George Washington University, Washington, DC
Reviewers
This Proceedings of a Workshop was reviewed in draft form by individuals chosen for their diverse perspectives and technical expertise. The purpose of this independent review is to provide candid and critical comments that will assist the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine in making each published proceedings as sound as possible and to ensure that it meets the institutional standards for quality, objectivity, evidence, and responsiveness to the charge. The review comments and draft manuscript remain confidential to protect the integrity of the process.
We thank the following individuals for their review of this proceedings:
THOMAS INGE, Children’s Hospital Colorado
NATALIE DIGATE MUTH, American Council on Exercise
GOUTHAM RAO, University Hospitals of Cleveland
TRACY ZVENYACH, Novo Nordisk
Although the reviewers listed above provided many constructive comments and suggestions, they were not asked to endorse the content of the proceedings, nor did they see the final draft before its release. The review of this proceedings was overseen by SANDRA HASSINK, Nemours. She was responsible for making certain that an independent examination of this proceedings was carried out in accordance with standards of the National Academies and that all review comments were carefully considered. Responsibility for the final content rests entirely with the rapporteur and the National Academies.
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5 TREATING SEVERE OBESITY IN ADOLESCENTS AND CHILDREN
Identification, Assessment, and Treatment of Severe Obesity in Children
Educational and Professional Obesity Initiatives
Interdisciplinary Specialist Certification in Obesity and Weight Management
Making Room for Workforce Development
Creating Champions for Obesity Treatment
Boxes, Figures, and Table
BOXES
1-1 Workshop Statement of Task
1-2 Roundtable on Obesity Solutions
1-3 Dimensions of the Obesity Epidemic
FIGURES
2-2 Proportion of patients achieving ≥5 percent and ≥10 percent weight loss at 1 year
5-1 Childhood body mass index (BMI) predicts cardiovascular mortality in adulthood