National Academies Press: OpenBook

Powering Science: NASA's Large Strategic Science Missions (2017)

Chapter: Appendix G: Acronyms

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Suggested Citation:"Appendix G: Acronyms." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2017. Powering Science: NASA's Large Strategic Science Missions. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/24857.
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G

Acronyms

ABI

Advanced Baseline Imager

ACE

Advanced Composition Explorer

ACMAP

Atmospheric Composition Modeling and Analysis Program

ACS

Advanced Camera for Surveys

ADR

adiabatic demagnetization refrigerator

AGU

American Geophysical Union

AIA

Atmospheric Imaging Array

AIAA

American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics

AIM

Aeronomy of Ice in the Mesosphere

AIRS

Atmospheric Infrared Sounder

AIS

All-Sky Imaging Survey

ALMA

Atacama Large Millimeter/Submillimeter Array

AMSR-E

Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer

AMSU

Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit

AO

Announcement of Opportunity

APL

Applied Physics Laboratory

ASEB

Aeronautics and Space Engineering Board

ASTER

Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer

ATHENA

Advanced Telescope for High-Energy Astrophysics

AU

astronomical unit

AURA

Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy

AVHRR

Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer

CADRe

Cost Analysis Data Requirement

CALIPSO

Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observation

CATE

cost and technical evaluation

CCD

charged-coupled device

CCOR

compact coronagraph

Suggested Citation:"Appendix G: Acronyms." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2017. Powering Science: NASA's Large Strategic Science Missions. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/24857.
×
CERES

Clouds and the Earth’s Radiant Energy System

CGRO

Compton Gamma-Ray Observatory

CIPS

Cloud Imaging and Particle Size

CLARREO

Climate Absolute Radiance and Refractivity Observatory

CME

coronal mass ejection

CNES

Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales (French Space Agency)

COBE

Cosmic Background Explorer

CoBRA

complexity-based risk assessment

CODIF

Composition and Distribution Function

CONAE

Comisión Nacional de Actividades Espaciales (Argentina’s National Committee of Space Activities)

COS

Cosmic Origins Spectrograph

COSTAR

Corrective Optics Space Telescope Axial Replacement

CSA

Canadian Space Agency

CuSP

CubeSat to Study Solar Particles

CYGNSS

Cyclone Global Navigation Satellite System

DIS

Deep Imaging Survey

DLR

Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt (German Aerospace Agency)

DMSP

Defense Meteorological Satellite Program

DOD

U.S. Department of Defense

DOE

U.S. Department of Energy

DS1

Deep Space 1

ECOSTRESS

Ecosystem Spaceborne Thermal Radiometer Experiment on Space Station

ECT

Energetic Particle, Composition, and Thermal Plasma Suite

EGRET

Energetic Gamma Ray Experiment Telescope

ENA

Energetic Neutral Atom

ENSO

El Niño Southern Oscillation

EoC

explanation of change

EOS

Earth Observing System

EOSDIS

Earth Observing System Data Information System

ESA

European Space Agency

ESSP

Earth System Science Pathfinder

ESTO

Earth Science Technology Office

ESTP

Earth Science Technology Program

EV

Earth Venture

FGS

Fine Guidance Sensor

FIELDS

Field Measurement Experiment

FOC

Faint Object Camera

FOS

Faint Object Spectrograph

FTE

full-time equivalent

FUV

far ultraviolet

FY

fiscal year

GALEX

Galaxy Evolution Explorer

GAO

U.S. Government Accountability Office

GeV

gigaelectron volt

GFZ

German Research Center for Geosciences

Suggested Citation:"Appendix G: Acronyms." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2017. Powering Science: NASA's Large Strategic Science Missions. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/24857.
×
GHRS

Goddard High Resolution Spectrograph

GRACE

Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment

GRACE-FO

GRACE Follow-On

GRAIL

Gravity Recovery and Interior Laboratory

GRB

gamma-ray bursts

GSFC

Goddard Space Flight Center

GSICS

Global Space-based Inter-Calibration System

HALOE

Halogen Occultation Experiment

HIRDLS

High Resolution Dynamics Limb Sounder

HSD

Heliophysics Science Division

HSP

High Speed Photometer

HST

Hubble Space Telescope

IBEX

Interstellar Boundary Explorer

ICESat

Ice, Cloud, and Land Elevation Satellite

ICRP

Independent Comprehensive Review Panel

IPS

ion propulsion system

IR

infrared

IRIS

Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph

ISIS

Integrated Science Investigation of the Sun

JAXA

Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency

JPL

Jet Propulsion Laboratory

JWST

James Webb Space Telescope

K

Kelvin

KASI

Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute

KBO

Kuiper Belt object

KDP

Key Decision Point

KeV

kiloelectron volt

km

kilometer

LAT

Large-Area Telescope

LIGO

Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory

LRO

Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter

MAVEN

Mars Atmosphere and Volatile Evolution

MAX-C

Mars Astrobiology Explorer-Cacher

MER

Mars Exploration Rover

MESSENGER

Mercury Surface, Space Environment, Geochemistry, and Ranging

MeV

megaelectron volts

MIDEX

medium Explorer

MinXSS

Miniature X-Ray Solar Spectrometer

MIS

Medium Imaging Survey

MISR

Multi-Angle Imaging Spectroradiometer

MLS

Microwave Limb Sounder

MMS

Magnetospheric Multiscale

MODIS

Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer

MOPITT

Measurements of Pollution in the Troposphere

Suggested Citation:"Appendix G: Acronyms." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2017. Powering Science: NASA's Large Strategic Science Missions. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/24857.
×
MRO

Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter

MSL

Mars Science Laboratory

NCAR

National Center for Atmospheric Research

NEOCam

Near-Earth Object Camera

NEOWISE

Near-Earth Object Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer

NEOWISE-R

Near-Earth Object Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer-Reactivation

NICMOS

Near Infrared Camera and Multi-Object Spectrometer

NOAA

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

NPR

NASA Procedural Requirement

NRO

National Reconnaissance Office

NSF

National Science Foundation

NuSTAR

Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope Array

NUV

near ultraviolet

OCO

Orbiting Carbon Observatory

OLI

Operational Land Imager

OMB

Office of Management and Budget

OMI

Ozone Measuring Instrument

OSTP

Office of Science and Technology Policy

PACE

Plankton, Aerosol, Cloud, and Ocean Ecosystem

PDR

Preliminary Design Review

PI

principal investigator

PIMS

Plasma Instrument for Magnetic Sounding

PLASTIC

Plasma and Supra-Thermal Ion Composition

PMC

Polar Mesospheric Cloud

pc

parsec

PSDS3

Planetary Science Deep Space SmallSat Studies

R&A

research and analysis

RBI

Radiation Budget Instrument

RBSP

Radiation Belt Storm Probe

RBSPICE

Radiation Belt Storm Probes Ion Composition Experiment

ROSES

Research Opportunities in Space and Earth Sciences

SDO

Solar Dynamics Observatory

SDSM

solar diffuser stability monitor

SECCHI

Sun-Earth Connection Coronal and Heliospheric Investigation

SEP

solar electric propulsion

SES

Space Environment Simulator

SLAC

Stanford Linear Accelerator Center

SM

servicing mission

SMAP

Soil Moisture Active Passive

SMD

Science Mission Directorate

SMEX

small Explorer

SOFIA

Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy

SOFIE

Solar Occultation for Ice Experiment

SoloHI

Solar Orbiter Heliospheric Imager

SORCE

Solar Radiation and Climate Experiment

Suggested Citation:"Appendix G: Acronyms." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2017. Powering Science: NASA's Large Strategic Science Missions. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/24857.
×
SR

Senior Review

SRCA

spectroradiometric calibration assembly

SSB

Space Studies Board

STEM

science, technology, engineering, and mathematics

STEREO

Solar Terrestrial Relations Observatory

STIS

Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph

STScI

Space Telescope Science Institute

SWAVES

Stereo Waves Experiment

SWEA

Solar Wind Electron Analyzer

SWEAP

Solar Wind Electrons Alphas and Protons

SWIR

shortwave infrared

SwRI

Southwest Research Institute

SXS

Soft X-ray Spectrometer

TDRSS

Tracking and Data Relay Satellite System

TES

Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer

TIR

thermal infrared

TIRS

Thermal Infrared Sensor

TQ

transition quarter

TRL

technology readiness level

TROPICS

Time-resolved Observations of Precipitation Structure and Storm Intensity with a Constellation of SmallSats

TWINS

Two Wide-angle Imaging Neutral-atom Spectrometers

UARS

Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite

UCAR

University Corporation for Atmospheric Research

UFE

unallocated future expense

ULF

ultra-low frequency

UNH

University of New Hampshire

USGS

U.S. Geological Survey

UV

ultraviolet

UVOIR

ultraviolet/optical/infrared

VIIRS

Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite

VLISM

Very Local Interstellar Medium

VNIR

visible and near infrared

WAVES

Waves Experiment

WFC

Wide-field Camera

WFIRST

Wide-field Infrared Survey Telescope

WFPC

Wide-field Planetary Camera

WIND

Wind Experiment

WIRE

Wide-field Infrared Explorer

WISE

Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer

WISPR

Wide-field Imager for Parker Solar Probe

WTE

whole-time equivalent

Suggested Citation:"Appendix G: Acronyms." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2017. Powering Science: NASA's Large Strategic Science Missions. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/24857.
×
Page 108
Suggested Citation:"Appendix G: Acronyms." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2017. Powering Science: NASA's Large Strategic Science Missions. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/24857.
×
Page 109
Suggested Citation:"Appendix G: Acronyms." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2017. Powering Science: NASA's Large Strategic Science Missions. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/24857.
×
Page 110
Suggested Citation:"Appendix G: Acronyms." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2017. Powering Science: NASA's Large Strategic Science Missions. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/24857.
×
Page 111
Suggested Citation:"Appendix G: Acronyms." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2017. Powering Science: NASA's Large Strategic Science Missions. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/24857.
×
Page 112
Powering Science: NASA's Large Strategic Science Missions Get This Book
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NASA's Science Mission Directorate (SMD) currently operates over five dozen missions, with approximately two dozen additional missions in development. These missions span the scientific fields associated with SMD's four divisions—Astrophysics, Earth Science, Heliophysics, and Planetary Sciences. Because a single mission can consist of multiple spacecraft, NASA-SMD is responsible for nearly 100 operational spacecraft. The most high profile of these are the large strategic missions, often referred to as "flagships."

Large strategic missions are essential to maintaining the global leadership of the United States in space exploration and in science because only the United States has the budget, technology, and trained personnel in multiple scientific fields to conduct missions that attract a range of international partners. This report examines the role of large, strategic missions within a balanced program across NASA-SMD space and Earth sciences programs. It considers the role and scientific productivity of such missions in advancing science, technology and the long-term health of the field, and provides guidance that NASA can use to help set the priority of larger missions within a properly balanced program containing a range of mission classes.

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