Assessing Community Annoyance of Helicopter Noise (2017)

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99 Atkins, C., Brooker, P., and Critchley, J. (1983). 1982 Helicopter Disturbance Study: Main Report, DR Report 8304. London: Civil Aviation Authority. Bisio, G., Magrini, U., and Ricciardi, P. (1999). On the Helicopter Noise: A Case History. Internoise, 99, 183–188. Crosse, G., Davidson, I., Hargest, T., and Porter, M. (1960). A Controlled Experiment on the Perception of Helicopter Rotor Noise. Journal of the Royal Aeronautical Society, 64(598), 629–632. https://doi.org/10.1017/ S0001924000088928. Edwards, B. (2002). Psychoacoustic Testing of Modulated Blade Spacing for Main Rotors. NASA Contractor Report 2002-211651. Federal Aviation Administration (2004). Report to Congress: Nonmilitary Helicopter Urban Noise Study, Report of the Federal Aviation Administration to the United States Congress Pursuant to Section 747 of the Wendell H. Ford Aviation Investment and Reform Act for the 21st Century (AIR-21), Washington, D.C. Federal Aviation Administration (2007). Integrated Noise Model (INM) Version 7.0 User’s Guide, FAA-AEE-07-04, April 2007. Federal Aviation Administration (2011). FAA Aerospace Forecasts Fiscal Years 2011-2031, U.S. Department of Transportation, Aviation Policy and Plans, 2011. Federal Aviation Administration (2013). INM Version 7.0d Software Update, Release Notes, May 23, 2013. Federal Interagency Committee on Noise (FICON) (1992). Federal Agency Review of Selected Airport Noise Analysis Issues, Report for the Department of Defense, Washington, D.C. Fidell, S. (2003) “The Schultz curve 25 years later: A research perspective” The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 114 (6), Pt. 1, 1–9. 3007–3015. https://doi.org/10.1121/1.1628246. Fidell, S., and Horonjeff, R. (1981). Detectability and Annoyance of Repetitive Impulse Sounds, Proceedings of the 37th Annual Forum, American Helicopter Society, New Orleans, LA, pp. 515–521. Fidell, S., Mestre, V., and Sneddon, M. (2012). A potential role for noise complaints as a predictor of the preva- lence of annoyance with aircraft noise. Noise Control Engineering Journal, 60(1), 62. Fidell, S., Mestre, V., and Sneddon, M. (2012). A potential role for noise complaints as a predictor of the prevalence of annoyance with aircraft noise. Noise Control Engineering Journal, 60 (1), Jan–Feb 2012. https://doi.org/ 10.3397/1.3677792 Fidell, S., Mestre, V., Schomer, P., Berry, B., Gjestland, T., Vallet, M., and Reid, T. J. (2011). A first principles model for estimating the prevalence of annoyance with aircraft noise exposure. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 130(2), 791–806. https://doi.org/10.1121/1.3605673 Fidell, S., Pearsons, K., Silvati, L., and Sneddon, M. (2002a). Relationship between low-frequency aircraft noise and annoyance due to rattle and vibration. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 111(4), 1743–1750. https://doi.org/10.1121/1.1448339 Fidell, S., Silvati, L., Pearsons, K., Lind, S., and Howe, R. (1999). Field Study of the Annoyance of Low-Frequency Runway Sideline Noise. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, Vol. 106(3), Pt. 1, 1408-1415. https:// doi.org/10.1121/1.427175 Fidell, S., Sneddon, M., Pearsons, K., and Howe, R. (2002b). Insufficiency of an environmental sounds power spectrum as a predictor of its annoyance. Noise Control Engineering Journal, 50(1), 12–18. https://doi.org/ 10.3397/1.2839672 Fields, J. M. (1993). Effect of Personal and Situational Variables on Noise Annoyance in Residential Areas. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 93(5), 2753–2763. https://doi.org/10.1121/1.405851. Fields, J., and Powell, A. (1987). Community Reactions to Helicopter Noise: Results from an Experimental Study. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 82(2), 479–492. https://doi.org/10.1121/1.395449. References

100 Assessing Community Annoyance of Helicopter Noise Galanter, E., Popper, R. D., and Perera, T. B. (1977) “Annoyance scales for simulated VTOL and CTOL over- flights,” Paper given at the 94th meeting of the Acoustical Society of America, Miami, Florida. https:// doi.org/10.1121/1.2016445. Gjestland, T. (1994). Assessment of Helicopter Noise Annoyance: A Comparison Between Noise From Helicop- ters and from Jet Aircraft. Journal of Sound and Vibration, 171(4), 453–458. https://doi.org/10.1006/jsvi. 1994.1133. Gjestland, T., Granøien, I., and Gelderblom, F. (2013). Noise surveys can be simplified (pp. 1–10). Innsbruck, Austria: Internoise. Green, D. M., and Fidell, S. (1991). Variability in the Criterion for Reporting Annoyance in Community Noise Surveys. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 89(1), 234–243. https://doi.org/10.1121/1.400505. ICAO. (1981). Loughborough University of Technology, Studies of Helicopter Noise Perception: Background Infor- mation Paper, ICAO Committee on Aircraft Noise. Working Group B. International Electrotechnical Commission. (2005). Standard, 61672: Electroacoustics—Sound Level Meters, Part 1: Specifications. International Standards Organization. (2013). ISO, 15666:2003: Acoustics—Assessment of noise annoyance by means of social and socio-acoustic surveys. Last reviewed in 2013. International Standards Organization. (2016). ISO Technical Specification 1996-1:2016: Acoustics—Description, measurement and assessment of environmental noise—Part 1: Basic quantities, and assessment procedures. Job, R. F. S. (1988). Community Response to Noise: A Review of Factors Influencing the Relationship Between Noise Exposure and Reaction. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 83(3), 991–1001. https:// doi.org/10.1121/1.396524. Klump, R. and Schmidt, D. (1978). Annoyance of Helicopter Blade-Slap. Naval Ocean Systems Center Technical Report 247. Lawton, B. (1976). Subjective Assessment of Simulated Helicopter Blade-Slap Noise. NASA Langley Research Center, NASA TN D-8359, December 1976. Leverton, J. W. (2014). Helicopter Noise: What is the Problem? Vertiflite, Vol. 60, No. 2, March/April [see also Leverton, J. W., Pike, A. C. (2007). Helicopter Noise—What Is Important from a Community Perspective? AHS 63rd Forum, Virginia Beach, VA; and Leverton, J. W., Pike, A. C. (2009). Helicopter Noise and the Community: What is Important? 7th Australian Pacific Vertiflite Conference on Helicopter Technology, Melbourne, Australia]. Magliozzi, B., Metzger, F., Bausch, W., and King, R. (1975). A Comprehensive Review of Helicopter Noise Literature. FAA-RD-75-79. Man-Acoustics & Noise, Inc., (1976). Certification Considerations for Helicopters Based on Laboratory Investigations. Report prepared for U.S. Department of Transportation, FAA-RD-76-116, July 1976. Mestre, V., Schomer, P., Fidell, S., and Berry, B. (2011). Technical Support for Day-Night Average Sound Level (DNL) Replacement Metric Research. USDOT/RITA/Volpe Center Purchase Order DTRT57-10-P-80191, Requisition No. DTRT-RVT-41-1113, 2011. Miedema, H. and Vos, H. (1998) Exposure-Response Relationships for Transportation Noise. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America. 104(6):3432–3445 Miedema, H. and Vos, H. (1999). Demographic and attitudinal factors that modify annoyance from transportation noise. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 105(6), 3336–3344. https://doi.org/10.1121/1.424662. Molino, J. A. (1982). Should Helicopter Noise Be Measured Differently From Other Aircraft Noise?—A Review of the Psychoacoustic Literature. NASA Contractor Report 3609. More, S. R. (2011). Aircraft Noise Characteristics and Metrics, Purdue University Doctoral Thesis and Report No. PARTNER-COE-2011-004. Munch, C. and King, R. (1974). Community Acceptance of Helicopter Noise: Criteria and Application. National Aeronautics and Space Administration, NASA-CR-132430. Namba, S., Kuwano, S., and Koyasu, M. (1993). The Measurement of Temporal Stream by Hearing by Con- tinuous Judgments—In The Case of the Evaluation of Helicopter Noise. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Japan, 14(5), 241–342. https://doi.org/10.1250/ast.14.341. NCSS, Inc. (2014). PASS 13 [Computer Software]. Kaysville, UT: NCSS. Niese, H. (1961). The loudness of Impulsive Continuous Noises. Acta Acustica united with Acustica, Volume 17, Number 6, 1966, pp. 335–344. Ohshima, T., and Yamada, I. (1993). Psychoacoustic Study on the Effect of Duration on the Annoyance of Helicopter Noise Using Time Compressed or Expanded Sounds. Inter-Noise, 93, 1087–1090. Ollerhead, J. B. (1982). Laboratory Studies of Scales for Measuring Helicopter Noise. NASA Contractor Report 3610. VA: Langley Research Center. Ollerhead, J. B. (1985). Rotorcraft Noise. Leicestershire, England: Loughborough University of Technology. Ollerhead, J. B., and Jones, C. J. (1994). Social Survey of Reactions to Helicopter Noise. London: Civil Aviation Authority.

References 101 Passchier-Vermeer, W. (1994). Rating of Helicopter Noise with Respect to Annoyance. English Version, TNO- Report 94.061, Leiden, The Netherlands. Patterson, J., Mozo, B., Schomer, P., and Camp, R. (1977). Subjective Ratings of Annoyance Produced by Rotary- Wing Aircraft Noise. Bioacoustics Division, US Army Aeromedical Research Laboratory, Fort Rucker, Alabama, 36362, USAARL Report No. 77-12, May 1977. Pearsons, K. (1967) Noisiness Judgments of Helicopter Flyovers. FAA DS-67-1, Contract FA65WA-1260, Defense Technical Information Center AD648503. Powell, C. A. (1981). Subjective field study of response to impulsive helicopter noise. NASA Technical Paper 1833. Robinson, D. W., Whittle, L. S., and Bowsher, J. M. (1961). The Loudness of Diffuse Sound Fields, Acta Acustica united with Acustica, Volume 11, Number 6, pp. 397–404 Rubin, D. B. (1987). Multiple Imputation for Nonresponse in Surveys. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470316696. Schomer, P. (1983). A Survey of Community Attitudes Toward Noise Near a General Aviation Airport. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 74(6), 1773–1781. https://doi.org/10.1121/1.390262. Schomer, P., Hoover, B. D., and Wagner, L. R. (1991). Human Response to Helicopter Noise: A Test of A-weighting. U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, USACERL Technical Report N-91/13. Schomer, P. D., and Neathammer, R. D. (1987) The Role of Helicopter Noise-Induced Vibration and Rat- tle in Human Response. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 81(4), 966–976. https://doi. org/10.1121/1.394523. Schomer, P., Mestre, V., Fidell, S., Berry, B., Gjestland, T., Vallet, M., and Reid, T. (2012). Role of Community Tolerance Level (CTL) in Predicting the Prevalence of the Annoyance of Road and Rail Noise. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 131(4), 2772–2786. Schomer, P., and Wagner, L. (1996). On the contribution of noticeability of environmental sounds to noise annoy- ance. Noise Control Engineering Journal, 44(6), 294–305. https://doi.org/10.3397/1.2828415 Schomer, P., Freytag, J., Machesky, A., Luo, C., Dossin, C., Nookala, N., and Pamdighantam, A. (2011). A Re-Analysis of Day-Night Sound Level (DNL) As a Function of Population Density in the United States. Noise Control Engineering Journal, 59(3), 290–301. https://doi.org/10.3397/1.3560910. Schultz, T. J. (1978). Synthesis of Social Surveys on Noise Annoyance. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 64(2), 377–405. https://doi.org/10.1121/1.382013 Statistical Solutions. (2001). SOLAS for Missing Data Analysis (Version 3.2). [Computer Software]. Boston: Statistical Solutions. Chapter 5 References Sternfeld, H., and Doyle, L. B. (1978). Evaluation of the Annoyance Due to Helicopter Rotor Noise. NASA Contractor Report 3001, NASA Langley Research Center Contract NAS1-14192. Sternfeld, H., Spencer, R., and Ziegenbein, P. (1995). Evaluation of the Impact of Noise Metrics on Tiltrotor Aircraft Design. NASA Contractor Report 198240. Sutherland, L., and Burke, R. (1979). Annoyance, Loudness, and Measurement of Repetitive Type Noise Sources. EPA 550/8-79-103. Volpe Transportation System Research Center (1999). Spectral Classes for FAA’s Integrated Noise Model Version 6.0, DTS-34-FA065-LR1, John A. Volpe National Transportation Systems Center, Acoustics Facility, Letter Report December 7, 1999. Volpe Transportation Systems Research Center (1994). Helicopter Noise Model HNM Version 2.2 (User’s Guide). ADA277072, February 1994. Wright, S., and Damongeot, A. (1977). Psychoacoustic Studies of Impulsive Noise. Paper #55, Third European Rotorcraft Powered Lift Aircraft Forum, Aeronautical and Astronautic Association of France, September 1977.