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Suggested Citation:"Glossary." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2017. Guidebook for Quantifying Airport Ground Access Vehicle Activity for Emissions Modeling. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/24954.
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Page 41

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41 California Air Resources Board (CARB)—A clean air agency established by the government of California in 1967. One of CARB’s responsibilities is the setting/refinement of emissions stan- dards for the motor vehicles sold/registered to operate within the state. Clean Air Act (CAA)—A federal law established in 1970 to regulate air emissions from station- ary and mobile sources. The CAA was amended in 1977 and 1990, at which time new timelines were established for areas of the United States to achieve attainment of the NAAQS. Dispersion modeling—The mathematical simulation of the dispersement of air pollutants in the ambient (i.e., outdoor) air. Emissions modeling—Preparation of data for input to a computer model that provides esti- mates of air pollutants, pollutant precursors, hazardous air pollutants (HAPs), and/or greenhouse gases (GHG). Estimates of the individual pollutant, precursor, or gas typically are expressed in tons per year. General Conformity Rule—Under the CAA’s General Conformity Rule, federal non-highway and transit agencies must work with state, tribal, and local governments in an air quality non- attainment or maintenance area to ensure that actions by the agencies conform to plans to reduce or maintain levels of air pollutants to comply with the NAAQS. Ground access vehicles (GAV)—Motor vehicles that travel to, from, and on the airport’s access/ egress roadways and other landside facilities (e.g., parking areas). Hot-spot analysis—An air quality assessment for a location where emissions from one or more specific sources may expose the public to elevated pollutant concentrations. Hub airport—An airport at which passengers arrive from multiple cities and countries and shortly thereafter depart to a different airport. FAA categorizes hub airports as being small (processing from 0.05% to 0.25% of all passenger boardings/enplanements within the United States), medium (processing 0.25% to 1% of the boardings), and large (processing more than 1% of the boardings). Originating and destination (O-D) passengers—Passengers whose flight itinerary begins or ends at an airport (as opposed to those whose flights connect within the airport). Transportation Conformity Rule—A requirement of the CAA, this rule ensures that federal funding and approval are given to highway and transit projects that are consistent with the air quality goals established by individual states to reduce and/or maintain levels of air pollutants to comply with the NAAQS. Trip generation models—Computer models that estimate the number of home-based motor vehicle trips to and from zones where “trip makers” (i.e., destinations) are located. Vehicle-miles traveled (VMT)—A measurement of the total number of miles traveled by all vehicles within a specified region, area, or roadway over a specified period of time. Glossary

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TRB's Airport Cooperative Research Program (ACRP) Research Report 180: Guidebook for Quantifying Airport Ground Access Vehicle Activity for Emissions Modeling reviews the regulatory framework and significance of ground access vehicle (GAV) emissions in an airport setting. GAVs, such as private vehicles, taxis, shuttles, rental cars, and delivery vehicles, can be significant contributors to airport emissions and are often included in airport air quality studies. This report develops guidance for quantifying airport GAV activity for the purposes of emissions modeling.

The report is accompanied by a tutorial, provided as a PowerPoint slide presentation, to aid in the application of the information and processes discussed in the guidebook. To ensure that the links within the tutorial function properly, view the presentation as an open slide show.

This software is offered as is, without warranty or promise of support of any kind either expressed or implied. Under no circumstance will the National Academy of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine or the Transportation Research Board (collectively "TRB") be liable for any loss or damage caused by the installation or operation of this product. TRB makes no representation or warranty of any kind, expressed or implied, in fact or in law, including without limitation, the warranty of merchantability or the warranty of fitness for a particular purpose, and shall not in any case be liable for any consequential or special damages.

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