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Suggested Citation:"RFRENCES." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2017. Forum sur l'Investissement dans les Jeunes Enfants à l'Échelle Mondiale: Synthèse de neuf ateliers mondiaux Exploration fondée sur les faits des investissements stratégiques dans les jeunes enfants. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/24955.
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Suggested Citation:"RFRENCES." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2017. Forum sur l'Investissement dans les Jeunes Enfants à l'Échelle Mondiale: Synthèse de neuf ateliers mondiaux Exploration fondée sur les faits des investissements stratégiques dans les jeunes enfants. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/24955.
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Page 29
Suggested Citation:"RFRENCES." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2017. Forum sur l'Investissement dans les Jeunes Enfants à l'Échelle Mondiale: Synthèse de neuf ateliers mondiaux Exploration fondée sur les faits des investissements stratégiques dans les jeunes enfants. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/24955.
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Page 30
Suggested Citation:"RFRENCES." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2017. Forum sur l'Investissement dans les Jeunes Enfants à l'Échelle Mondiale: Synthèse de neuf ateliers mondiaux Exploration fondée sur les faits des investissements stratégiques dans les jeunes enfants. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/24955.
×
Page 31
Suggested Citation:"RFRENCES." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2017. Forum sur l'Investissement dans les Jeunes Enfants à l'Échelle Mondiale: Synthèse de neuf ateliers mondiaux Exploration fondée sur les faits des investissements stratégiques dans les jeunes enfants. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/24955.
×
Page 32
Suggested Citation:"RFRENCES." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2017. Forum sur l'Investissement dans les Jeunes Enfants à l'Échelle Mondiale: Synthèse de neuf ateliers mondiaux Exploration fondée sur les faits des investissements stratégiques dans les jeunes enfants. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/24955.
×
Page 33
Suggested Citation:"RFRENCES." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2017. Forum sur l'Investissement dans les Jeunes Enfants à l'Échelle Mondiale: Synthèse de neuf ateliers mondiaux Exploration fondée sur les faits des investissements stratégiques dans les jeunes enfants. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/24955.
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SLOVAKIA RÉFÉRENCES COLOMBIA Abubakar, A., A. Van Baar, F. J. Van de Vijver, P. Holding, and C. R. Newton. 2008. Paediatric HIV and neurodevelopment in sub-Saharan Africa: A systematic review. Tropical Medicine & International Health 13(7):880-887. Anderson, K., A. Motivans, and T. Ditmore. 2016. The sunset of the LMTF: Next steps in tracking learning for the SDGs (Part 2). https://www.brookings.edu/blog/education-plus-development/2016/ 05/31/the-sunset-of-the-lmtf-next-steps-in-tracking-learning-for-the-sdgs-part-2 (accessed March 27, 2017). ARNEC (Asia-Pacific Regional Network for Early Childhood). 2017. EAP-ECD scales. http://www.arnec. net/ecd-arnec-resources/eap-ecd-scales (accessed March 27, 2017). ASQ (Ages and Stages Questionnaire). 2017. Introduction. http://agesandstages.com (accessed March 27, 2017). Baird, C. L. 2012. Going against the flow: A longitudinal study of the effects of cognitive skills and gender beliefs on occupational aspirations and outcomes. Sociological Forum 27(4):986-1009. Barros, A. J. D., C. Ronsmans, H. Azelson, E. Loaiza, A. D. Bertoldi, G. V. A. França, J. Bryce, J. T. Boerma, and C. G. Victora. 2012. Equity in maternal, newborn, and child health interventions in Countdown to 2015: A retrospective review of survey data from 54 countries. Lancet 379(9822):1225-1233. Brookings Institution. 2017a. Learning Metrics Task Force 2.0. https://www.brookings.edu/learning- metrics-task-force-2-0 (accessed March 27, 2017). Brookings Institution. 2017b. About the Learning Metrics Task Force. https://www.brookings.edu/ learning-metrics-task-force-2-0/about-the-lmtf (accessed March 27, 2017). Brookings Institution. 2017c. Readiness to learn. https://www.brookings.edu/learning-metrics-task- force-2-0/readiness-to-learn (accessed March 27, 2017) CDC (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention). 2016a. Violence Against Children Surveys (VACS). https://www.cdc.gov/violenceprevention/vacs/index.html (accessed March 27, 2017). CDC. 2016b. VACS reports and publications. https://www.cdc.gov/violenceprevention/vacs/ publications.html (accessed March 27, 2017). Center for Healthier Children, Families & Communities at the University of California, Los Angeles. 2012. Early Development Instrument (EDI). http://www.healthychild.ucla.edu/ourwork/edi (accessed March 27, 2017). Center for Healthier Children, Families & Communities at the University of California, Los Angeles. 2017. Transforming Early Childhood Community Systems (TECCS). http://www.healthychild.ucla. edu/ourwork/teccs (accessed March 27, 2017). Chan, M. 2013. Linking child survival and child development for health, equity, and sustainable development. Lancet 381(9877):1514-1515. Cluver, L. D., F. M. Orkin, M. E. Boyes, and L. Sherr. 2014. Cash plus care: Social protection cumulatively mitigates HIV-risk behaviour among adolescents in South Africa. AIDS 28:S389-S397. Countdown to 2030. 2015a. Introduction. http://countdown2030.org (accessed March 27, 2017). Countdown to 2030. 2015b. Countdown’s history. http://countdown2030.org/about-countdown/ history (accessed March 27, 2017). 28

SLOVAKIA RÉFÉRENCES COLOMBIA Countdown to 2030. 2015c. Partners. http://countdown2030.org/about-countdown/partners (accessed March 27, 2017). Countdown to 2030. 2015d. Countdown data. http://countdown2030.org/about-countdown/ countdown-data (accessed March 27, 2017). Devendra, A., A. Makawa, P. N. Kazembe, N. R. Calles, and H. Kuper. 2013. HIV and childhood disability: A case-controlled study at a paediatric antiretroviral therapy centre in Lilongwe, Malawi. PLOS ONE 8(12):e84024. DHS (Demographic and Health Surveys Program). 2016a. Introduction. http://www.dhsprogram.com (accessed March 27, 2017). DHS. 2016b. Who we are. https://www.dhsprogram.com/Who-We-Are/About-Us.cfm (accessed March 27, 2017). Disability Measures. n.d. Ten Questions (TQ). http://disabilitymeasures.org/tenquestions (accessed March 27, 2017). Duflo, E., P. Dupas, and M. Kremer. 2015. Education, HIV, and early fertility: Experimental evidence from Kenya. American Economic Review 105(9):2757-2797. Durkin, M. S., L. L. Davidson, P. Desai, Z. M. Hasan, N. Khan, P. E. Shrout, M. J. Thorburn, W. Wang, and S. S. Zaman. 1994. Validity of the ten questions screened for childhood disability: Results from population-based studies in Bangladesh, Jamaica, and Pakistan. Epidemiology 5(3):283-289. Duvvury, N., A. Callan, P. Carney, and S. Raghavendra. 2013. Intimate partner violence: Economic costs and implications for growth and development. Women’s Voice, Agency, & Participation Research Series (3). Washington, DC: World Bank. Ertem, I. O., D. G. Dogan, C. G. Gok, S. U. Kizilates, A. Caliskan, G. Atay, N. Vatandas, T. Karaaslan, S. G. Baskan, and D. V. Cicchetti. 2008. A guide for monitoring child development in low- and middle-income countries. Pediatrics 121(3):e581-e589. pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/ pediatrics/121/3/e581.full.pdf?download=true (accessed March 27, 2017). Fernald, L. C. H., and M. Hidrobo. 2011. Effect of Ecuador’s cash transfer program (Bono de Desarrollo Humano) on child development in infants and toddlers: A randomized effectiveness trial. Social Science & Medicine 72(9):1437-1446. Global Reading Network. 2017. EdData. https://globalreadingnetwork.net/eddata (accessed March 27, 2017). Gray, C. L., B. W. Pence, J. Ostermann, R. A. Whetten, K. O’Donnell, N. M. Thielman, and K. Whetten. 2015. Prevalence and incidence of traumatic experiences among orphans in institutional and family-based settings in 5 low- and middle-income countries: A longitudinal study. Global Health, Science and Practice 3(3):395-404. Hallfors, D. D., H. Cho, S. Rusakaniko, J. Mapfumo, B. Iritani, L. Zhang, W. Luseno, and T. Miller. 2015. The impact of school subsidies on HIV-related outcomes among adolescent female orphans. Journal of Adolescent Health 56(1):79-84. Heymann, S. J., K. McNeill, and A. Earle. 2013a. Filling a critical gap: Measuring work policies that affect families globally. Community, Work & Family 16(3):239-260. Heymann, S. J., A. Raub, and A. Earle. 2013b. Breastfeeding policy: A globally comparative analysis. Bulletin of the World Health Organization 91(6):398-406. 29

SLOVAKIA RÉFÉRENCES COLOMBIA Huebner, G., N. Boothby, J. L. Aber, G. L. Darmstadt, A. Diaz, A. S. Masten, H. Yoshikawa, I., A. Redlener, M. Emmel, L. Pitt, B. Arnold, B. Barber, B. Berman, R. Blum, M. Canavera, J. Eckerle, N.A. Fox, J. L. Gibbons, S. W. Hargarten, C. Landers, C. A. Nelson III, S. D. Pollak, V. Rauh, M. Samson, F. Ssewamala, N. St Clair, L. Stark, R. Waldman, M. Wessells, S. L. Wilson, and C. H. Zeanah. 2016. Beyond Survival: The Case for Investing in Young Children Globally. Washington, DC: National Academy of Medicine. HELP (Human Early Learning Partnership). 2012a. Research brief: Early childhood rights indicators: A guide for monitoring the convention on the rights of the child. Vancouver, Canada: University of British Columbia. http://earlylearning.ubc.ca/documents/152 (accessed March 27, 2017). HELP. 2012b. Early childhood rights indicators (ECRI). http://crcindicators.uvic.ca/index.php/content/ overview (accessed March 27, 2017). Hill, P, and D. Olds. 2013. Improving implementation of the nurse-family partnership in the process of going to scale. In Applying implementation science in early childhood programs and systems. Baltimore, MD: Paul H. Brooks. Pp. 193-207. IADB (Inter-American Development Bank). 2016a. Initiative: Regional project on child development indicators (PRIDI). http://www.iadb.org/en/topics/education/initiative-pridi/home,20387.html (accessed March 27, 2017). IADB. 2016b. About Regional Project on Child Development Indicators. http://www.iadb.org/en/topics/ education/initiative-pridi/about,20396.html (accessed March 27, 2017). IOM and NRC (Institute of Medicine and National Research Council). 2014. The cost of inaction for young children globally: Workshop summary. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. IOM and NRC. 2015a. Financing investments in young children globally: Summary of a joint workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. IOM and NRC. 2015b. Scaling program investments for young children globally: Evidence from Latin America and the Caribbean: Summary of a joint workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. Kalamar, A. M., S. Lee-Rife, and M. J. Hindin. 2016. Interventions to prevent child marriage among young people in low- and middle-income countries: A systematic review of the published and gray literature. Journal of Adolescent Health: Supplement 59(3):S16-S21. Kamau, J. W., W. Kuria, M. Mathai, L. Atwoli, and R. Kangethe. 2012. Psychiatric morbidity among HIV- infected children and adolescents in a resource-poor Kenyan urban community. AIDS Care 24(7):836-842. Lu, C., M. M. Black, and L. M. Richter. 2016. Risk of poor development in young children in low-income and middle-income countries: An estimation and analysis at the global, regional, and country level. Lancet Global Health 4(12):e916-e922. Malhotra, A., A. Warner, A. McGonagle, S. Lee-Rife. 2011. Solutions to end child marriage: What the evidence shows. Washington, DC: International Center for Research on Women. Marfo, K., A. R. Pence, R. A. Levine, and S. Levine. 2011. Strengthening Africa’s contributions to child development research: Overview and ways forward. Child Development Perspectives 5(2):104- 111. 30

SLOVAKIA RÉFÉRENCES COLOMBIA Mungala-Odera, V., R. Meehan, P. Njuguna, N. Mturi, K. Alcock, J. A. Carter, and C. R. J. C. Newton. 2004. Validity and reliability of the ten questions questionnaire for detecting moderate to severe neurological impairment in children aged 6-9 years in rural Kenya. Neuroepidemiology 23(1-2): 67-72. NAM (National Academy of Medicine). 2016. Beyond survival: The case for investing in young children globally. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. NASEM (National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine). 2015. Using existing platforms to integrate and coordinate investments for children: Summary of a joint workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. NASEM. 2016a. Investing in young children for peaceful societies: Proceedings of a joint workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. NASEM. 2016b. Moving from evidence to implementation of early childhood programs: Proceedings of a workshop—in brief. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. NASEM. 2016c. Reaching and investing in children at the margins: Summary of a joint workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. NASEM. 2016d. Supporting family and community investments in young children globally: Summary of a joint workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. NASEM. 2017. Innovations in investing in young children globally: Proceedings of a workshop–in brief. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. Nour, N. M. 2009. Child marriage: A silent health and human rights issue. Reviews in Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2(1):51-6. OECD (Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development). 2016a. Early childhood education and care. http://www.oecd.org/edu/school/earlychildhoodeducationandcare.htm (accessed March 27, 2017). OECD. 2016b. Early childhood education and care – country information. http://www.oecd.org/edu/ school/ecec-country-information.htm (accessed March 27, 2017). OECD. 2016c. Starting Strong Teaching and Learning International Survey. http://www.oecd.org/edu/ school/oecd-starting-strong-teaching-and-learning-international-survey.htm (accessed March 27, 2017). OECD. 2016d. International Early Learning and Child Well-being Study (IELS). http://www.oecd.org/ edu/school/international-early-learning-and-child-well-being-study.htm (accessed March 27, 2017). Offord Centre for Child Studies. 2016a. Early Development Instrument (EDI). https://edi.offordcentre. com (accessed March 27, 2017). Offord Centre for Child Studies. 2016b. What is the EDI? https://edi.offordcentre.com/about/what-is- the-edi (accessed March 27, 2017). OHCHR (Office of the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights). 2014. Convention on the Rights of the Child. Geneva, Switzerland: OHCHR. Parsons, C. E., K. S. Young, T. J. Rochat, M. L. Kringelbach, and A. Stein. 2012. Postnatal depression and its effects on child development: A review of evidence from low- and middle-income countries. British Medical Bulletin 101(1):57-79. 31

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Focusing on young children in a global context is an approach to end the cycle of poverty and improve the well-being of nations. Improving well-being necessarily begins with core elements such as health, education, nutrition, and social protection; many efforts to improve child development in the first decade of life focus on areas to meet young children's basic needs. Young children living in low-resourced settings are vulnerable to developmental and educational risk factors, such as stunting and undernutrition, disease, caregiver depression, lack of access to quality preprimary and primary education, disabilities, poverty, and societal and familial violence. While each of these areas is important for children's growth and development, there are potential increased benefits from integrated programs and coordinated policies that address more than one of these areas simultaneously, particularly for children living in low-resourced communities. An integrated and coordinated "all system" approach may be the best way to guarantee that children will have the prerequisites for healthy development.

The Forum on Investing in Young Children Globally was established with the goal of integrating knowledge with action in regions around the world to inform evidence-based, strategic investments in young children, birth through age 8. The forum held nine workshops across five continents over 3 years. The goal was to learn from experiences in multiple regions and engage in culturally embedded dialogue. This publication summarizes the key themes from the presentations and discussions of the workshops.

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