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Suggested Citation:"1. Project Overview." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2017. Developing the Guide to Retaining Essential Consultant-Developed Knowledge Within DOTs. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/24978.
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Suggested Citation:"1. Project Overview." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2017. Developing the Guide to Retaining Essential Consultant-Developed Knowledge Within DOTs. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/24978.
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Developing the Guide to Retaining Essential Consultant‐Developed Knowledge    Within DOTs  1  1. PROJECT OVERVIEW 1.1 Background and Objectives  State Departments of Transportation (DOTs) are responsible for planning, designing, constructing,  maintaining and operating transportation facilities and services.  Over the past decade, many DOTs  have undergone budget cuts and reductions in the number of full‐time employees – without  proportionate reductions in responsibilities or public expectations for service.  As a result, many  agencies have turned to private consultants and contractors to perform work that was historically  conducted by in‐house staff.  In addition, DOTs are pursuing nontraditional project delivery methods  such as design‐build that involve expanded contractor responsibilities  NCHRP Project 20‐104: Capturing and Learning Essential Consultant‐Developed Knowledge Within  Departments of Transportation was initiated to examine the implications of increased outsourcing of  DOT work from a knowledge management (KM) perspective.  When consultants and contractors  complete their assignments, there is a need for a handoff process to agency staff so that the agency  can take responsibility for products, and benefit from knowledge gained during the course of the work.   The research question was: “How can DOTs capture, learn, and maintain essential, mission critical  knowledge from the work of external consultants and contractors?”  The research produced a  guidance document for state DOTs wishing to examine and improve their current practices for  consultant knowledge capture and learning.  The research was focused on the DOT project  development and delivery process but was intended to provide guidance that is generally applicable  across all DOT program areas.    Several DOTs have implemented KM strategies to address loss of institutional knowledge associated  within retirement of senior staff and increased job transitions in general.  NCHRP Report 813: A Guide to Agency‐Wide Knowledge Management for State Departments of Transportation (Spy Pond  Partners, 2015) was published in 2014, and provides general guidance for DOTs interested in  implementing KM.  Some of the KM techniques included in NCHRP Report 813 are applicable to  knowledge capture and learning from consultants and contractors.  However, there are sufficient  differences in context, opportunities and constraints that are present where consultants are involved  to merit the kind of tailored guidance that was addressed in this project.  1.2 Project Activities  The research project involved the following key activities:   A literature review was conducted to identify (1) the state of DOT outsourcing, (2) risks related to inadequate knowledge transfer from contractors and consultants at DOTs and other agencies, and (3) knowledge transfer techniques in the context of outsourcing;  An initial framework was developed for investigating risks and selecting appropriate knowledge transfer techniques;  A series of focus groups with DOT staff was conducted to review the initial framework;  The framework was refined based on the results of the focus groups;

Developing the Guide to Retaining Essential Consultant‐Developed Knowledge    Within DOTs  2   A set of case studies were developed illustrating applications of knowledge transfer techniques from consultants to DOT staff; and  A guidance document was created for DOTs on how to capture, learn, and maintain essential, mission critical knowledge from the work of external consultants and contractors. 1.3 Document Overview  This document summarizes the research methodology and key findings of the project. The guidance  was produced as a stand‐alone volume.    Section 2 summarizes the findings of the literature review.  Section 3 provides an overview of the framework that was developed, reflecting input from the focus  groups.  Section 4 discusses the approach used to conduct the case studies and create the guidance document.  Section 5 identifies future research needs related to the objectives of this project.   

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TRB's National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Web-Only Document 238: Developing the Guide to Retaining Essential Consultant-Developed Knowledge Within DOTs documents the methodology used to develop NCHRP Research Report 867: Keeping What You Paid For—Retaining Essential Consultant-Developed Knowledge Within DOTs. The document also provides key findings of the project and case studies used to create the guidance document.

NCHRP Research Report 867 presents guidance on the use of knowledge capture and active learning to ensure that essential, mission-critical knowledge is maintained within the agency when a contractor’s work is finished. Knowledge capture is the process of transforming human knowledge into codified information (for example, through documentation of interviews with key contractor personnel) and making the information available to others. Active learning occurs when DOT staff work directly with contractors or consultants. The report covers knowledge capture and active learning for system management, emergency response, and other critical components of a transportation agency's mission.

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