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32 GLOSSARY Acute health effectâA severe onset of illness after short-term exposure to a contaminant. Aircraft Drinking Water Rule (ADWR)âA regulation of the Safe Drinking Water Act whose purpose is to ensure that safe and reliable drinking water is provided to aircraft passengers and crew. The ADWR is found in 40 CFR 141.800â141.810. The ADWR is administered by EPA. Airport emergency planâA comprehensive plan for dealing with all hazards reasonably expected to affect a given airport, required for all Part 139 airports and recommended for all other airports. Airport Operation Center (AOC)âAn airport command and control center where critical airport functions including 911, public safety, emergency operations, airport operations, and maintenance are monitored and managed. Airport water systemâInfrastructure located within the property boundary of an airport that conveys water from source to consumer. Infrastructure components vary by airport and may include transmission and distribution pipes, water storage tanks and reservoirs, pumps, plumbing and fixtures, and water treatment. Boil water notice/orderâA public health advisory issued by government or health officials to consumers when a communityâs water supply is, or could be, contaminated. Consumers are instructed to boil water for a certain length of time to ensure pathogens are killed and water is safe to drink. ColiformâA group of bacteria whose presence in a water sample indicates that the water may contain disease-causing organisms. Consecutive public water systemâA public water system that receives some or all of its water from a wholesale public water system. Do not drink advisoryâA public health advisory issued by government or health officials to consumers when a communityâs water supply is, or could be, contaminated. Consumers are instructed to not drink from the public water supply until fur- ther notice and are advised that boiling the water will not make it safe to drink. E. coliâBacteria (Escherichia coli) found in the environment, foods, and intestines of people and animals. E. coli are a large and diverse group of bacteria. Most strains of E. coli are harmless; however, some can cause diarrhea and others cause urinary tract infections, respiratory illness and pneumonia, and other illnesses. EmergencyâAny occasion or instance that warrants action to save lives and to protect property, public health, and safety. Emergency Management Agency (EMA)âA group of highly trained emergency and disaster response officials who assist in coordination of response activities to an emergency event. Emergency Operations Center (EOC)âA protected site from which emergency officials coordinate, monitor, and direct response activities during an emergency. Everbridge® communications systemâA subscription-based, scalable, mass-notification software used to quickly communi- cate with large groups of people. ExerciseâA planned, staged implementation of the critical incident performed to evaluate processes that work and identify those needing improvement. Heterotrophic plate count bacteriaâAll bacteria that use organic carbon for growth and are isolated by a particular analytical method. They are present in all types of water, food, soil, and vegetation, and they can be airborne. IncidentâAn occurrence or event, natural or man-made, that requires a response to protect life or property. Incident command teamâA personnel structure used for the command, control, and coordination of emergency response activities. Interconnected water systemâTwo or more public water systems that are physically connected via distribution pipe and can transfer water from one system to one or more systems. Interstate Travel Program (ITP)âThe program within the U.S. Food and Drug Administration responsible for inspection of passenger-carrying conveyances during their construction and operation as well as the support facilities for those convey- ances. These conveyances include aircraft, charter coaches, railroad passenger cars, and vessels that operate in interstate
33 traffic. Support facilities include caterers and commissaries (which supply food and beverages), watering points, and waste-handling facilities (or servicing) areas. Large-hub airportâAn airport with at least 1% of total U.S. passenger enplanements. Medium-hub airportâAn airport with between 0.25% and 1% of total U.S. passenger enplanements. Non-hub primary airportâAn airport that enplanes less than 0.05% of all commercial passenger enplanements but has more than 10,000 annual enplanements. Operations and maintenanceâAll the services required to ensure that the built environment will perform the functions for which a facility was designed and constructed. Public water systemâA system that provides water for human consumption through pipes or other constructed conveyances to at least 15 service connections or serves an average of at least 25 people for at least 60 days a year. A public water system may be publicly or privately owned. For this synthesis, the term water utility refers to a public water system that serves a municipality. Reverse 911âA public safety communications system that is used by public safety officials to rapidly communicate with a large number of people in a geographic area through various notification systems including phone, email, and text message. Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA) âAn act (42 U.S.C. §300f et seq. [1974]) established to protect the quality of drinking water in the United States. This law focuses on all waters actually or potentially designed for human consumption use, whether from surface water or ground water sources. Human consumption refers to drinking or food preparation, as well as water for brushing teeth, dishwashing, and hand washing. The SDWA authorizes EPA to establish minimum standards to protect tap water and requires all owners or operators of public water systems to comply with these primary (health-related) standards. Situational awareness message (SAM)âA message sent unilaterally to emergency response officials simultaneously to pro- vide critical emergency information. Small-hub airportâAn airport with 0.05% to 0.25% of total U.S. passenger enplanements. Standard operating procedure (SOP)âA written procedure that accurately describes and details essential job tasks. Tabletop exerciseâAn activity that involves key personnel discussing simulated scenarios in an informal setting. This type of exercise can be used to assess plans, policies, and procedures or to assess the systems needed to guide the prevention of, response to, and recovery from a defined incident. Tabletop exercises are typically aimed at facilitating understanding of concepts, identifying strengths and shortfalls, and generating positive changes in attitude. Participants are encouraged to discuss issues in depth and develop solutions through slow-paced problem solving as opposed to the rapid, spontaneous decision-making that occurs under actual or simulated emergency conditions. Total coliform bacteriaâA group of related bacteria that are (with few exceptions) not harmful to humans and are used to determine the adequacy of water treatment and the integrity of the drinking water distribution system. U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)âAn agency within the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services respon- sible for protecting the public health by ensuring the safety, effectiveness, quality, and security of human and veterinary drugs, vaccines and other biological products, and medical devices. FDA is also responsible for the safety and security of most of our nationâs food supply, all cosmetics, all dietary supplements, and any products that give off radiation. FDA enforces and monitors sanitary conditions at aircraft watering points and servicing areas. Water quality eventâAn incident (e.g., natural disaster, water treatment failure, or water main break) that can result in fin- ished water that does not meet drinking water quality standards applicable to public water systems and that may compro- mise the quality of water supplied at airport watering points. Water utilityâA public water system that serves a municipality. Wholesale water system or wholesale water utilityâA public water system that sells water to another public water system.