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Page 32
Suggested Citation:"Glossary." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2018. Airport Community, Water Quality Events, and the Aircraft Drinking Water Rule. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/24986.
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Page 32
Page 33
Suggested Citation:"Glossary." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2018. Airport Community, Water Quality Events, and the Aircraft Drinking Water Rule. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/24986.
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Page 33

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32 GLOSSARY Acute health effect—A severe onset of illness after short-term exposure to a contaminant. Aircraft Drinking Water Rule (ADWR)—A regulation of the Safe Drinking Water Act whose purpose is to ensure that safe and reliable drinking water is provided to aircraft passengers and crew. The ADWR is found in 40 CFR 141.800–141.810. The ADWR is administered by EPA. Airport emergency plan—A comprehensive plan for dealing with all hazards reasonably expected to affect a given airport, required for all Part 139 airports and recommended for all other airports. Airport Operation Center (AOC)—An airport command and control center where critical airport functions including 911, public safety, emergency operations, airport operations, and maintenance are monitored and managed. Airport water system—Infrastructure located within the property boundary of an airport that conveys water from source to consumer. Infrastructure components vary by airport and may include transmission and distribution pipes, water storage tanks and reservoirs, pumps, plumbing and fixtures, and water treatment. Boil water notice/order—A public health advisory issued by government or health officials to consumers when a community’s water supply is, or could be, contaminated. Consumers are instructed to boil water for a certain length of time to ensure pathogens are killed and water is safe to drink. Coliform—A group of bacteria whose presence in a water sample indicates that the water may contain disease-causing organisms. Consecutive public water system—A public water system that receives some or all of its water from a wholesale public water system. Do not drink advisory—A public health advisory issued by government or health officials to consumers when a community’s water supply is, or could be, contaminated. Consumers are instructed to not drink from the public water supply until fur- ther notice and are advised that boiling the water will not make it safe to drink. E. coli—Bacteria (Escherichia coli) found in the environment, foods, and intestines of people and animals. E. coli are a large and diverse group of bacteria. Most strains of E. coli are harmless; however, some can cause diarrhea and others cause urinary tract infections, respiratory illness and pneumonia, and other illnesses. Emergency—Any occasion or instance that warrants action to save lives and to protect property, public health, and safety. Emergency Management Agency (EMA)—A group of highly trained emergency and disaster response officials who assist in coordination of response activities to an emergency event. Emergency Operations Center (EOC)—A protected site from which emergency officials coordinate, monitor, and direct response activities during an emergency. Everbridge® communications system—A subscription-based, scalable, mass-notification software used to quickly communi- cate with large groups of people. Exercise—A planned, staged implementation of the critical incident performed to evaluate processes that work and identify those needing improvement. Heterotrophic plate count bacteria—All bacteria that use organic carbon for growth and are isolated by a particular analytical method. They are present in all types of water, food, soil, and vegetation, and they can be airborne. Incident—An occurrence or event, natural or man-made, that requires a response to protect life or property. Incident command team—A personnel structure used for the command, control, and coordination of emergency response activities. Interconnected water system—Two or more public water systems that are physically connected via distribution pipe and can transfer water from one system to one or more systems. Interstate Travel Program (ITP)—The program within the U.S. Food and Drug Administration responsible for inspection of passenger-carrying conveyances during their construction and operation as well as the support facilities for those convey- ances. These conveyances include aircraft, charter coaches, railroad passenger cars, and vessels that operate in interstate

33 traffic. Support facilities include caterers and commissaries (which supply food and beverages), watering points, and waste-handling facilities (or servicing) areas. Large-hub airport—An airport with at least 1% of total U.S. passenger enplanements. Medium-hub airport—An airport with between 0.25% and 1% of total U.S. passenger enplanements. Non-hub primary airport—An airport that enplanes less than 0.05% of all commercial passenger enplanements but has more than 10,000 annual enplanements. Operations and maintenance—All the services required to ensure that the built environment will perform the functions for which a facility was designed and constructed. Public water system—A system that provides water for human consumption through pipes or other constructed conveyances to at least 15 service connections or serves an average of at least 25 people for at least 60 days a year. A public water system may be publicly or privately owned. For this synthesis, the term water utility refers to a public water system that serves a municipality. Reverse 911—A public safety communications system that is used by public safety officials to rapidly communicate with a large number of people in a geographic area through various notification systems including phone, email, and text message. Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA) —An act (42 U.S.C. §300f et seq. [1974]) established to protect the quality of drinking water in the United States. This law focuses on all waters actually or potentially designed for human consumption use, whether from surface water or ground water sources. Human consumption refers to drinking or food preparation, as well as water for brushing teeth, dishwashing, and hand washing. The SDWA authorizes EPA to establish minimum standards to protect tap water and requires all owners or operators of public water systems to comply with these primary (health-related) standards. Situational awareness message (SAM)—A message sent unilaterally to emergency response officials simultaneously to pro- vide critical emergency information. Small-hub airport—An airport with 0.05% to 0.25% of total U.S. passenger enplanements. Standard operating procedure (SOP)—A written procedure that accurately describes and details essential job tasks. Tabletop exercise—An activity that involves key personnel discussing simulated scenarios in an informal setting. This type of exercise can be used to assess plans, policies, and procedures or to assess the systems needed to guide the prevention of, response to, and recovery from a defined incident. Tabletop exercises are typically aimed at facilitating understanding of concepts, identifying strengths and shortfalls, and generating positive changes in attitude. Participants are encouraged to discuss issues in depth and develop solutions through slow-paced problem solving as opposed to the rapid, spontaneous decision-making that occurs under actual or simulated emergency conditions. Total coliform bacteria—A group of related bacteria that are (with few exceptions) not harmful to humans and are used to determine the adequacy of water treatment and the integrity of the drinking water distribution system. U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)—An agency within the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services respon- sible for protecting the public health by ensuring the safety, effectiveness, quality, and security of human and veterinary drugs, vaccines and other biological products, and medical devices. FDA is also responsible for the safety and security of most of our nation’s food supply, all cosmetics, all dietary supplements, and any products that give off radiation. FDA enforces and monitors sanitary conditions at aircraft watering points and servicing areas. Water quality event—An incident (e.g., natural disaster, water treatment failure, or water main break) that can result in fin- ished water that does not meet drinking water quality standards applicable to public water systems and that may compro- mise the quality of water supplied at airport watering points. Water utility—A public water system that serves a municipality. Wholesale water system or wholesale water utility—A public water system that sells water to another public water system.

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Airport Community, Water Quality Events, and the Aircraft Drinking Water Rule Get This Book
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TRB's Airport Cooperative Research Program (ACRP) Synthesis 88: Airport Community, Water Quality Events, and the Aircraft Drinking Water Rule explores how airports, airlines, ground service providers, and ice and food caterers as well as other food service establishments can take measures to ensure that their operations have safe drinking water. Receiving prompt and accurate information about a drinking water quality event allows airport management and tenants to address and mitigate potential adverse effects. Airlines have reported that it is often difficult for them to obtain information about a drinking water quality event and determine if it affects an airport they serve. This report will provide airport management with the ability to distribute essential information and minimize the time it takes for notification of an event to reach the airport’s tenants.

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