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Suggested Citation:"Appendix C: Acronyms." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2018. High-Performance Bolting Technology for Offshore Oil and Natural Gas Operations. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/25032.
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C

Acronyms

σ yield strength
ALARP as low as reasonably practicable
API American Petroleum Institute
ASME American Society of Mechanical Engineers
ASTM American Section of the International Association for Testing Materials
BOP blow-out preventer, safety equipment that seals the well in case of an emergency
BSEE Bureau of Safety and Environmental Enforcement (Department of the Interior)
BSL bolting specification levels
CALPHAD Calculation of Phase Diagrams
CHdiff diffusible hydrogen
CHtot total hydrogen
CP corrosion potential
CRA corrosion resistant alloys
Suggested Citation:"Appendix C: Acronyms." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2018. High-Performance Bolting Technology for Offshore Oil and Natural Gas Operations. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/25032.
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DBTT ductile-to-brittle transition temperature
DER designated engineering representative
DOD Department of Defense
DOE Department of Energy
EAC environmentally assisted cracking
FAA Federal Aviation Administration
FAR Federal Aviation Regulation
FDM Finite Difference Method
FoS factor of safety
HAC hydrogen-assisted cracking
HE hydrogen embrittlement
HEC hydrogen-enhanced cracking
HEDE hydrogen-enhanced decohesion
HELP hydrogen-enhanced local plasticity
HSI Human Systems Integration
IADC International Association of Drilling Contractors
ICME Integrated Computational Materials Engineering
IOGP International Association of Oil and Gas Producers
JETQC Jet Engine Titanium Quality Consortium
KIscc Fracture toughness (KI) is the stress intensity factor at a crack tip under simple uniaxial loading. The subscript I stands for Mode I loading (unixial), while the subscript SCC stands for stress corrosion cracking
KPI key performance indicators
LMRP Lower Marine Riser Package—the upper section of a two-section subsea blowout preventer (BOP) stack consisting of a hydraulic connector, annular BOP, ball/flex joint, riser adapter, jumper hoses for the choke, kill, and auxiliary lines, and subsea control pods. This interfaces with the lower subsea BOP stack. (from API RP 16Q, Recommended Practice for Design, Selection, Operation and Maintenance of Marine Drilling Riser Systems)
LRFD load and resistance factor design
Suggested Citation:"Appendix C: Acronyms." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2018. High-Performance Bolting Technology for Offshore Oil and Natural Gas Operations. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/25032.
×
MODU Mobile Offshore Drilling Unit
MoS margin of safety
NACE National Association of Corrosion Engineers
NASA National Aeronautics and Space Administration
NAVSEA Naval Sea Systems Command
NDT non-destructive testing
NRC Nuclear Regulatory Commission
OCS Outer Continental Shelf—all submerged lands lying seaward of state coastal waters (3 miles offshore) that are under U.S. jurisdiction (from Bureau of Ocean Energy Management, “OCS Lands Act History,” https://www.boem.gov/ocs-lands-act-history/, accessed July 10, 2017)
OEM original equipment manufacturer
OESI Ocean Energy Safety Institute
PRA Probabilistic Risk Assessment
QA/QC quality assurance/quality control
Q&T quenched and tempered
RC Rockwell “C” (hardness measurement scale)
RCA root cause analysis
RKB Rotary Kelly Bushing
ROI return on investment
ROV remotely operated underwater vehicle
SCC stress corrosion cracking
SEMS Safety and Environmental Management Systems
SF safety factor (see factor of safety)
TDS total dissolved solids
TiC titanium carbide
UERR Undiscovered Economically Recoverable Resources (from Bureau of Ocean Energy Management, Assessment of Undiscovered Oil and Gas Resources of the Nation’s Outer Continental Shelf, 2016, https://www.boem.gov/2016-National-Assessment-Fact-Sheet)
UHSS ultra-high-strength steel
UT ultrasonic transducer
Suggested Citation:"Appendix C: Acronyms." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2018. High-Performance Bolting Technology for Offshore Oil and Natural Gas Operations. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/25032.
×
UTM ultrasonic method
UTRR Undiscovered Technically Recoverable Resources (from Bureau of Ocean Energy Management, Assessment of Undiscovered Oil and Gas Resources of the Nation’s Outer Continental Shelf, 2016, https://www.boem.gov/2016-National-Assessment-Fact-Sheet)
VIV vortex induced vibration
Suggested Citation:"Appendix C: Acronyms." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2018. High-Performance Bolting Technology for Offshore Oil and Natural Gas Operations. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/25032.
×
Page 142
Suggested Citation:"Appendix C: Acronyms." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2018. High-Performance Bolting Technology for Offshore Oil and Natural Gas Operations. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/25032.
×
Page 143
Suggested Citation:"Appendix C: Acronyms." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2018. High-Performance Bolting Technology for Offshore Oil and Natural Gas Operations. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/25032.
×
Page 144
Suggested Citation:"Appendix C: Acronyms." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2018. High-Performance Bolting Technology for Offshore Oil and Natural Gas Operations. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/25032.
×
Page 145
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Commercially significant amounts of crude oil and natural gas lie under the continental shelf of the United States. Advances in locating deposits, and improvements in drilling and recovery technology, have made it technically and economically feasible to extract these resources under harsh conditions. But extracting these offshore petroleum resources involves the possibility, however remote, of oil spills, with resulting damage to the ocean and the coastline ecosystems and risks to life and limb of those performing the extraction. The environmental consequences of an oil spill can be more severe underwater than on land because sea currents can quickly disperse the oil over a large area and, thus, cleanup can be problematic.

Bolted connections are an integral feature of deep-water well operations. High-Performance Bolting Technology for Offshore Oil and Natural Gas Operations summarizes strategies for improving the reliability of fasteners used in offshore oil exploration equipment, as well as best practices from other industrial sectors. It focuses on critical bolting—bolts, studs, nuts, and fasteners used on critical connections.

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