REVIEW OF THE DRAFT
SECOND STATE OF THE
CARBON CYCLE REPORT
(SOCCR2)
Committee to Review the Draft Second State of the Carbon Cycle Report
Board on Atmospheric Sciences and Climate
Division on Earth and Life Studies
A Consensus Study Report of
THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS
Washington, DC
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This study was supported by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration under award numbers NNH14CK78B and NNH14CK79D. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect the views of any organization or agency that provided support for the project.
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Suggested citation: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2018. Review of the Draft Second State of the Carbon Cycle Report (SOCCR2). Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: https://org/10.17226/25045.
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COMMITTEE TO REVIEW THE DRAFT SECOND STATE OF THE CARBON CYCLE REPORT
INEZ FUNG, Chair, University of California, Berkeley
PETER BREWER, Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute, Moss Landing, CA
EVAN DeLUCIA, University of Illinois, Urbana
DAVID GREENE, University of Tennessee, Knoxville
TESSA HILL, University of California, Davis, Bodega Bay
HENRY JACOBY, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge
GARY MORISHIMA, Quinault Nation, Bellevue, WA
J. WILLIAM MUNGER, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA
DAVID SCHIMEL, Jet Propulsion Lab, Pasadena, CA
KATHLEEN C. WEATHERS, Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies, Millbrook, NY
JINGFENG XIAO, University of New Hampshire, Durham
ZICHENG YU, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA
STAFF:
LAURIE GELLER, Study Director
AMANDA PURCELL, Program Officer
ERIN MARKOVICH, Sr. Program Assistant/Research Assistant
ROB GREENWAY, Program Associate
BOARD ON ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES AND CLIMATE
A.R. RAVISHANKARA (Chair), Colorado State University, Fort Collins
SHUYI S. CHEN (Vice Chair), University of Washington, Seattle
CECILIA BITZ, University of Washington, Seattle
MARK A. CANE, Columbia University, Palisades, NY
HEIDI CULLEN, Climate Central Princeton, NJ
ROBERT DUNBAR, Stanford University, CA
PAMELA EMCH, Northrop Grumman Aerospace Systems, Redondo Beach, CA
ARLENE FIORE, Columbia University, Palisades, NY
PETER FRUMHOFF, Union of Concerned Scientists, Cambridge, MA
WILLIAM B. GAIL, Global Weather Corporation, Boulder, CO
MARY GLACKIN, The Weather Company, Washington, DC
TERRI S. HOGUE, Colorado School of Mines, Golden
EVERETTE JOSEPH, SUNY University at Albany, NY
RONALD “NICK” KEENER, JR., Duke Energy Corporation, Charlotte, NC
ROBERT KOPP, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ
L. RUBY LEUNG, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA
JONATHAN MARTIN, University of Wisconsin–Madison
JONATHAN OVERPECK, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
ALLISON STEINER, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
DAVID W. TITLEY, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park
DUANE WALISER, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena
Ocean Studies Board Liaison
DAVID HALPERN, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine Staff
AMANDA STAUDT, Director
DAVID ALLEN, Senior Program Officer
LAURIE GELLER, Senior Program Officer
KATHERINE THOMAS, Senior Program Officer
LAUREN EVERETT, Program Officer
APRIL MELVIN, Program Officer
AMANDA PURCELL, Program Officer
YASMIN ROMITTI, Research Associate
RITA GASKINS, Administrative Coordinator
SHELLY FREELAND, Financial Associate
ROB GREENWAY, Program Associate
MICHAEL HUDSON, Senior Program Assistant
ERIN MARKOVICH, Senior Program Assistant/Research Assistant
Acknowledgments
This Consensus Study Report was reviewed in draft form by individuals chosen for their diverse perspectives and technical expertise. The purpose of this independent review is to provide candid and critical comments that will assist the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine in making each published report as sound as possible and to ensure that it meets the institutional standards for quality, objectivity, evidence, and responsiveness to the study charge. The review comments and draft manuscript remain confidential to protect the integrity of the deliberative process. We thank the following individuals for their review of this report:
David Archer, University of Chicago
Jonathan Cole (NAS), Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies
Michael Hanemann (NAS), University of California, Berkeley; Arizona State University
Solomon Hsiang, University of California Berkeley
Galen McKinley, Lamont Doherty Earth Observatory
Amilcare Porporato, Princeton Environmental Institute
Jeffrey Severinghaus (NAS), Scripps Institution of Oceanography
Roger Schmidt (NAE), Syracuse University, IBM Corporation (emeritus)
Although the reviewers listed above provided many constructive comments and suggestions, they were not asked to endorse the conclusions or recommendations of this report nor did they see the final draft before its release. The review of this report was overseen by Charles F. Kennel, University of California, San Diego, and Andrew R. Solow, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. They were responsible for making certain that an independent examination of this report was carried out in accordance with the standards of the National Academies and that all review comments were carefully considered. Responsibility for the final content rests entirely with the authoring committee and the National Academies.
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Table of Contents
Comments on the Executive Summary
Chapter 1: Overview of the Global Carbon Cycle
Chapter 2: The North American Carbon Budget: Past, Present, and Future
Chapter 6: Social Science Perspectives on Carbon
Chapter 8: Observations of Atmospheric CO2 and CH4
Chapter 11: Arctic and Boreal Carbon
Chapter 13: Terrestrial Wetlands
Chapter 15: Tidal Wetlands and Estuaries
Chapter 16: Coastal Oceans and Continental Shelves
Chapter 17: Consequences of Rising Atmospheric CO2
Chapter 18: Carbon Cycle Science in the Support of Decision-making