Exploring Partnership
Governance in
Global Health

PROCEEDINGS OF A WORKSHOP

Rachel M. Taylor and Joe Alper, Rapporteurs

Forum on Public–Private Partnerships for Global Health and Safety

Board on Global Health

Health and Medicine Division

THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS
Washington, DC
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This project was supported by Anheuser-Busch InBev; Becton, Dickinson and Company; Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation; Catholic Health Association of the United States; ExxonMobil; Fogarty International Center of the National Institutes of Health; General Electric; Global Health Innovative Technology Fund; Intel Corporation; Johnson & Johnson; Medtronic; Merck; Novartis Foundation; PATH; PepsiCo; Procter & Gamble Co.; The Rockefeller Foundation; Safaricom; United Nations Foundation; University of Notre Dame; UPS Foundation; U.S. Agency for International Development; U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Office of Global Affairs; U.S. Department of State; U.S. Food and Drug Administration; and The Vitality Group. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect the views of any organization or agency that provided support for the project.

International Standard Book Number-13: 978-0-309-47434-4
International Standard Book Number-10: 0-309-47434-5
Digital Object Identifier: https://doi.org/10.17226/25069

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Suggested citation: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2018. Exploring partnership governance in global health: Proceedings of a workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: https://doi.org/10.17226/25069.

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PLANNING COMMITTEE ON EXPLORING PARTNERSHIP GOVERNANCE IN GLOBAL HEALTH¹

CLARION JOHNSON (Co-Chair), Private Consultant, ExxonMobil

REGINA RABINOVICH (Co-Chair), ExxonMobil Malaria Scholar in Residence, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health

JO IVEY BOUFFORD, Immediate Past President, The New York Academy of Medicine; Clinical Professor, New York University College of Global Public Health

KEVIN ETTER, Director, United Parcel Service Loaned Executive Program

LAUREN MARKS, Director, Private Sector Engagement for The U.S. President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR), U.S. Department of State

JOHN MONAHAN, Senior Fellow and Senior Advisor for Global Health Initiatives to the President, Georgetown University

CATE O’KANE, Independent Consultant

BT SLINGSBY, Chief Executive Officer and Executive Director, Global Health Innovative Technology Fund

___________________

¹ The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine’s planning committees are solely responsible for organizing the workshop, identifying topics, and choosing speakers. The responsibility for this published Proceedings of a Workshop rests with the workshop rapporteurs and the institution.

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FORUM ON PUBLIC–PRIVATE PARTNERSHIPS FOR GLOBAL HEALTH AND SAFETY¹

JO IVEY BOUFFORD (Co-Chair), Immediate Past President, The New York Academy of Medicine; Clinical Professor, New York University College of Global Public Health

CLARION JOHNSON (Co-Chair), Private Consultant, ExxonMobil

ANN AERTS, Head, Novartis Foundation

SIR GEORGE ALLEYNE, Director Emeritus, Pan American Health Organization; Chancellor Emeritus, University of the West Indies

RAJESH ANANDAN, Senior Vice President, Strategic Partnerships and UNICEF Ventures, U.S. Fund for UNICEF (until February 2018)

NATASHA BILIMORIA, Director, U.S. Strategy, Gavi, the Vaccine Alliance

DEBORAH L. BIRX, U.S. Global AIDS Coordinator and U.S. Special Representative for Global Health Diplomacy, U.S. Department of State, The U.S. President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief

SIMON BLAND, Director, New York Liaison Office, UNAIDS

ROBERT BOLLINGER, Professor of Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine (until December 2017)

CARA BRADLEY, Chief Corporate Engagement Officer, PATH

STEPHEN CHEGE, Director, Corporate Affairs, Safaricom

GARY M. COHEN, Executive Vice President and President, Global Health and Development, Becton, Dickinson and Company (until December 2017)

BRENDA D. COLATRELLA, Executive Director, Corporate Responsibility; President, Merck Foundation; President, Merck Patient Assistance Program Foundation, Merck & Co., Inc.

BRUCE COMPTON, Senior Director of International Outreach, Catholic Health Association of the United States

PATRICIA DALY, Associate Vice President, Global Health, Save the Children

KATE DODSON, Vice President for Global Health Strategy, United Nations Foundation

JENNIFER ESPOSITO, Worldwide General Manager, Health and Life Sciences Group, Intel Corporation

RENUKA GADDE, Vice President, Global Health, Becton, Dickinson and Company

___________________

¹ The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine’s forums and roundtables do not issue, review, or approve individual documents. The responsibility for this published Proceedings of a Workshop rests with the workshop rapporteurs and the institution.

ELAINE GIBBONS, Vice President for Global Engagement and Communications, PATH (until March 2018)

ROGER GLASS, Director, Fogarty International Center

DANIELLE GREENBERG, Senior Director, Global R&D; Senior Fellow, Nutrition Sciences, PepsiCo (until March 2018)

RICHARD GUERRANT, Thomas H. Hunter Professor of International Medicine, University of Virginia (until December 2017)

TREVOR GUNN, Vice President, International Relations, Medtronic

JESSICA HERZSTEIN, Preventive Medicine Specialist

BEN HOFFMAN, Chief Medical Officer, Baker Hughes, a GE Company (until March 2018)

JAMES JONES, Manager, Community Investment Programs, ExxonMobil

ALLISON TUMMON KAMPHUIS, Global Program Leader, Gender Equality and the Children’s Safe Drinking Water Program, Procter & Gamble Co.

SEEMA KUMAR, Vice President, Innovation, Global Health & Science Policy Communication, Johnson & Johnson

MARISSA LEFFLER, Senior Strategy and Innovation Advisor, Global Health Center for Accelerating Innovation and Impact, U.S. Agency for International Development (until April 2018)

AMY LIN, Acting Deputy Director, Center for Innovation and Impact, U.S. Agency for International Development

EDUARDO MARTINEZ, President and Chief Diversity & Inclusion Officer, United Parcel Service Foundation

JOHN MONAHAN, Senior Fellow and Senior Advisor for Global Health Initiatives to the President, Georgetown University

GABRIELLA MORRIS, Senior Vice President of Strategic Partnerships, UNICEF USA

MICHAEL MYERS, Managing Director, The Rockefeller Foundation (until December 2017)

ANDRIN OSWALD, Director, Life Sciences Partnerships, Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation

REGINA RABINOVICH, ExxonMobil Malaria Scholar in Residence, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health

SCOTT C. RATZAN, President, Anheuser-Busch InBev Foundation

BT SLINGSBY, Chief Executive Officer and Executive Director, Global Health Innovative Technology Fund

KATHERINE TAYLOR, Associate Director and Director of Global Health Training, Eck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame

MARY LOU VALDEZ, Associate Commissioner for International Programs; Director, Office of International Programs, U.S. Food and Drug Administration

TADATAKA “TACHI” YAMADA, Venture Partner, Frazier Healthcare Partners

Health and Medicine Division Staff

RACHEL M. TAYLOR, Senior Program Officer and Forum Director

PRIYANKA NALAMADA, Research Associate

KATHERINE PEREZ, Senior Program Assistant

DANIEL CESNALIS, Financial Associate

JULIE PAVLIN, Director, Board on Global Health

Consultant

JOE ALPER, Science Writer

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Reviewers

This Proceedings of a Workshop was reviewed in draft form by individuals chosen for their diverse perspectives and technical expertise. The purpose of this independent review is to provide candid and critical comments that will assist the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine in making each published proceedings as sound as possible and to ensure that it meets the institutional standards for quality, objectivity, evidence, and responsiveness to the charge. The review comments and draft manuscript remain confidential to protect the integrity of the process.

We thank the following individuals for their review of this proceedings:

JO IVEY BOUFFORD, New York University College of Global Public Health

PATRICIA DALY, Save the Children

JESSICA HERZSTEIN, Preventive Medicine Specialist

ALVIN MARCELO, University of the Philippines

VERONIKA WIRTZ, Boston University School of Public Health

Although the reviewers listed above provided many constructive comments and suggestions, they were not asked to endorse the content of the proceedings nor did they see the final draft before its release. The review of this proceedings was overseen by ROBERT S. LAWRENCE, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health. He was responsible

for making certain that an independent examination of this proceedings was carried out in accordance with standards of the National Academies and that all review comments were carefully considered. Responsibility for the final content rests entirely with the rapporteurs and the National Academies.

Acknowledgments

A number of individuals contributed to the development of this workshop and proceedings. These include several staff members from the Health and Medicine Division and the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine: Daniel Cesnalis, Sarah Kelley, Mariam Malik, Priyanka Nalamada, Julie Pavlin, Katherine Perez, Bettina Ritter, Rachel Taylor, and Taryn Young. The planning committee contributed hours of service to develop and execute the agenda. Reviewers also provided thoughtful remarks in reading the draft manuscript.

The overall successful functioning of the Forum on Public–Private Partnerships for Global Health and Safety (PPP Forum) and its activities depends on the generosity of its sponsors. Financial support for the PPP Forum is provided by Anheuser-Busch InBev; Becton, Dickinson and Company; Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation; Catholic Health Association of the United States; ExxonMobil; Fogarty International Center of the National Institutes of Health; General Electric; Global Health Innovative Technology Fund; Intel Corporation; Johnson & Johnson; Medtronic; Merck; Novartis Foundation; PATH; PepsiCo; Procter & Gamble Co.; The Rockefeller Foundation; Safaricom; United Nations Foundation; University of Notre Dame; UPS Foundation; U.S. Agency for International Development; U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Office of Global Affairs; U.S. Department of State; U.S. Food and Drug Administration; and The Vitality Group.

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Contents

ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS

1 INTRODUCTION

Organization of the Proceedings

2 GLOBAL HEALTH AND GOVERNANCE OF PUBLIC–PRIVATE PARTNERSHIPS IN THE CURRENT CONTEXT

The Core Roles of Transparency and Accountability in the Governance of Global Health Public–Private Partnerships

Addressing Major Challenges in the Governance of Global Health Public–Private Partnerships

Discussion

3 LEGAL CONSIDERATIONS FOR PUBLIC–PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP GOVERNANCE IN GLOBAL HEALTH

Discussion

4 EXAMINING LESSONS LEARNED FROM THE DEVELOPMENT AND ITERATIVE IMPROVEMENT OF PUBLIC–PRIVATE PARTNERSHIPS AND THEIR GOVERNANCE

Access Accelerated (AA)

Determined, Resilient, Empowered, AIDS-Free, Mentored, and Safe (DREAMS)

Global Health Innovative Technology (GHIT) Fund

African Comprehensive HIV/AIDS Partnerships (ACHAP)

The Avahan Experience

Discussion

5 EVALUATING AND REPORTING ON PUBLIC–PRIVATE PARTNERSHIPS IN GLOBAL HEALTH

Discussion

6 IDENTIFYING KEY ISSUES IN THE GOVERNANCE OF PUBLIC–PRIVATE PARTNERSHIPS IN GLOBAL HEALTH

Closing Remarks

APPENDIXES

A Commissioned Paper: The Core Roles of Transparency and Accountability in the Governance of Global Health PPPs

B World Café Reports on Internal Governance of Individual Partners and Impacts on Approaches to Public–Private Partnerships

C Speaker and Moderator Biographical Sketches

D Workshop Agenda

E References

Box, Figures, and Tables

BOX

1-1 Statement of Task

FIGURES

2-1 Different types of public–private partnerships

A-1 Graph of usage of “governance” in Google Books, 1940–2008

A-2 Two-dimensional model of governance with transparency and accountability

TABLES

2-1 PPP Governance Matrix: Assessing Transparency and Accountability for a Hypothetical PPP

4-1 Partnerships Presented at the Workshop on October 26, 2017

A-1 Two-by-Two Table of Low and High Levels of Transparency and Accountability

A-2 Governance Matrix for PPPs: Assessing Transparency and Accountability for a Hypothetical PPP

B-1 Responses to World Café Question 1: What Are the Main Barriers Your Organization Has Experienced When Engaging in PPPs?

B-2 Responses to World Café Question 2: How Have You or Your Organization Overcome or Managed These Barriers to Engagement?

Acronyms and Abbreviations