Exploring Partnership
Governance in
Global Health
PROCEEDINGS OF A WORKSHOP
Rachel M. Taylor and Joe Alper, Rapporteurs
Forum on Public–Private Partnerships for Global Health and Safety
Board on Global Health
Health and Medicine Division
THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS
Washington, DC
www.nap.edu
THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS 500 Fifth Street, NW Washington, DC 20001
This project was supported by Anheuser-Busch InBev; Becton, Dickinson and Company; Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation; Catholic Health Association of the United States; ExxonMobil; Fogarty International Center of the National Institutes of Health; General Electric; Global Health Innovative Technology Fund; Intel Corporation; Johnson & Johnson; Medtronic; Merck; Novartis Foundation; PATH; PepsiCo; Procter & Gamble Co.; The Rockefeller Foundation; Safaricom; United Nations Foundation; University of Notre Dame; UPS Foundation; U.S. Agency for International Development; U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Office of Global Affairs; U.S. Department of State; U.S. Food and Drug Administration; and The Vitality Group. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect the views of any organization or agency that provided support for the project.
International Standard Book Number-13: 978-0-309-47434-4
International Standard Book Number-10: 0-309-47434-5
Digital Object Identifier: https://doi.org/10.17226/25069
Additional copies of this publication are available for sale from the National Academies Press, 500 Fifth Street, NW, Keck 360, Washington, DC 20001; (800) 624-6242 or (202) 334-3313; http://www.nap.edu.
Copyright 2018 by the National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.
Printed in the United States of America
Suggested citation: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2018. Exploring partnership governance in global health: Proceedings of a workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: https://doi.org/10.17226/25069.
The National Academy of Sciences was established in 1863 by an Act of Congress, signed by President Lincoln, as a private, nongovernmental institution to advise the nation on issues related to science and technology. Members are elected by their peers for outstanding contributions to research. Dr. Marcia McNutt is president.
The National Academy of Engineering was established in 1964 under the charter of the National Academy of Sciences to bring the practices of engineering to advising the nation. Members are elected by their peers for extraordinary contributions to engineering. Dr. C. D. Mote, Jr., is president.
The National Academy of Medicine (formerly the Institute of Medicine) was established in 1970 under the charter of the National Academy of Sciences to advise the nation on medical and health issues. Members are elected by their peers for distinguished contributions to medicine and health. Dr. Victor J. Dzau is president.
The three Academies work together as the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine to provide independent, objective analysis and advice to the nation and conduct other activities to solve complex problems and inform public policy decisions. The National Academies also encourage education and research, recognize outstanding contributions to knowledge, and increase public understanding in matters of science, engineering, and medicine.
Learn more about the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine at www.nationalacademies.org.
Consensus Study Reports published by the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine document the evidence-based consensus on the study’s statement of task by an authoring committee of experts. Reports typically include findings, conclusions, and recommendations based on information gathered by the committee and the committee’s deliberations. Each report has been subjected to a rigorous and independent peer-review process and it represents the position of the National Academies on the statement of task.
Proceedings published by the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine chronicle the presentations and discussions at a workshop, symposium, or other event convened by the National Academies. The statements and opinions contained in proceedings are those of the participants and are not endorsed by other participants, the planning committee, or the National Academies.
For information about other products and activities of the National Academies, please visit www.nationalacademies.org/about/whatwedo.
PLANNING COMMITTEE ON EXPLORING PARTNERSHIP GOVERNANCE IN GLOBAL HEALTH1
CLARION JOHNSON (Co-Chair), Private Consultant, ExxonMobil
REGINA RABINOVICH (Co-Chair), ExxonMobil Malaria Scholar in Residence, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health
JO IVEY BOUFFORD, Immediate Past President, The New York Academy of Medicine; Clinical Professor, New York University College of Global Public Health
KEVIN ETTER, Director, United Parcel Service Loaned Executive Program
LAUREN MARKS, Director, Private Sector Engagement for The U.S. President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR), U.S. Department of State
JOHN MONAHAN, Senior Fellow and Senior Advisor for Global Health Initiatives to the President, Georgetown University
CATE O’KANE, Independent Consultant
BT SLINGSBY, Chief Executive Officer and Executive Director, Global Health Innovative Technology Fund
___________________
1 The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine’s planning committees are solely responsible for organizing the workshop, identifying topics, and choosing speakers. The responsibility for this published Proceedings of a Workshop rests with the workshop rapporteurs and the institution.
This page intentionally left blank.
FORUM ON PUBLIC–PRIVATE PARTNERSHIPS FOR GLOBAL HEALTH AND SAFETY1
JO IVEY BOUFFORD (Co-Chair), Immediate Past President, The New York Academy of Medicine; Clinical Professor, New York University College of Global Public Health
CLARION JOHNSON (Co-Chair), Private Consultant, ExxonMobil
ANN AERTS, Head, Novartis Foundation
SIR GEORGE ALLEYNE, Director Emeritus, Pan American Health Organization; Chancellor Emeritus, University of the West Indies
RAJESH ANANDAN, Senior Vice President, Strategic Partnerships and UNICEF Ventures, U.S. Fund for UNICEF (until February 2018)
NATASHA BILIMORIA, Director, U.S. Strategy, Gavi, the Vaccine Alliance
DEBORAH L. BIRX, U.S. Global AIDS Coordinator and U.S. Special Representative for Global Health Diplomacy, U.S. Department of State, The U.S. President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief
SIMON BLAND, Director, New York Liaison Office, UNAIDS
ROBERT BOLLINGER, Professor of Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine (until December 2017)
CARA BRADLEY, Chief Corporate Engagement Officer, PATH
STEPHEN CHEGE, Director, Corporate Affairs, Safaricom
GARY M. COHEN, Executive Vice President and President, Global Health and Development, Becton, Dickinson and Company (until December 2017)
BRENDA D. COLATRELLA, Executive Director, Corporate Responsibility; President, Merck Foundation; President, Merck Patient Assistance Program Foundation, Merck & Co., Inc.
BRUCE COMPTON, Senior Director of International Outreach, Catholic Health Association of the United States
PATRICIA DALY, Associate Vice President, Global Health, Save the Children
KATE DODSON, Vice President for Global Health Strategy, United Nations Foundation
JENNIFER ESPOSITO, Worldwide General Manager, Health and Life Sciences Group, Intel Corporation
RENUKA GADDE, Vice President, Global Health, Becton, Dickinson and Company
___________________
1 The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine’s forums and roundtables do not issue, review, or approve individual documents. The responsibility for this published Proceedings of a Workshop rests with the workshop rapporteurs and the institution.
ELAINE GIBBONS, Vice President for Global Engagement and Communications, PATH (until March 2018)
ROGER GLASS, Director, Fogarty International Center
DANIELLE GREENBERG, Senior Director, Global R&D; Senior Fellow, Nutrition Sciences, PepsiCo (until March 2018)
RICHARD GUERRANT, Thomas H. Hunter Professor of International Medicine, University of Virginia (until December 2017)
TREVOR GUNN, Vice President, International Relations, Medtronic
JESSICA HERZSTEIN, Preventive Medicine Specialist
BEN HOFFMAN, Chief Medical Officer, Baker Hughes, a GE Company (until March 2018)
JAMES JONES, Manager, Community Investment Programs, ExxonMobil
ALLISON TUMMON KAMPHUIS, Global Program Leader, Gender Equality and the Children’s Safe Drinking Water Program, Procter & Gamble Co.
SEEMA KUMAR, Vice President, Innovation, Global Health & Science Policy Communication, Johnson & Johnson
MARISSA LEFFLER, Senior Strategy and Innovation Advisor, Global Health Center for Accelerating Innovation and Impact, U.S. Agency for International Development (until April 2018)
AMY LIN, Acting Deputy Director, Center for Innovation and Impact, U.S. Agency for International Development
EDUARDO MARTINEZ, President and Chief Diversity & Inclusion Officer, United Parcel Service Foundation
JOHN MONAHAN, Senior Fellow and Senior Advisor for Global Health Initiatives to the President, Georgetown University
GABRIELLA MORRIS, Senior Vice President of Strategic Partnerships, UNICEF USA
MICHAEL MYERS, Managing Director, The Rockefeller Foundation (until December 2017)
ANDRIN OSWALD, Director, Life Sciences Partnerships, Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation
REGINA RABINOVICH, ExxonMobil Malaria Scholar in Residence, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health
SCOTT C. RATZAN, President, Anheuser-Busch InBev Foundation
BT SLINGSBY, Chief Executive Officer and Executive Director, Global Health Innovative Technology Fund
KATHERINE TAYLOR, Associate Director and Director of Global Health Training, Eck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame
MARY LOU VALDEZ, Associate Commissioner for International Programs; Director, Office of International Programs, U.S. Food and Drug Administration
TADATAKA “TACHI” YAMADA, Venture Partner, Frazier Healthcare Partners
Health and Medicine Division Staff
RACHEL M. TAYLOR, Senior Program Officer and Forum Director
PRIYANKA NALAMADA, Research Associate
KATHERINE PEREZ, Senior Program Assistant
DANIEL CESNALIS, Financial Associate
JULIE PAVLIN, Director, Board on Global Health
Consultant
JOE ALPER, Science Writer
This page intentionally left blank.
Reviewers
This Proceedings of a Workshop was reviewed in draft form by individuals chosen for their diverse perspectives and technical expertise. The purpose of this independent review is to provide candid and critical comments that will assist the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine in making each published proceedings as sound as possible and to ensure that it meets the institutional standards for quality, objectivity, evidence, and responsiveness to the charge. The review comments and draft manuscript remain confidential to protect the integrity of the process.
We thank the following individuals for their review of this proceedings:
JO IVEY BOUFFORD, New York University College of Global Public Health
PATRICIA DALY, Save the Children
JESSICA HERZSTEIN, Preventive Medicine Specialist
ALVIN MARCELO, University of the Philippines
VERONIKA WIRTZ, Boston University School of Public Health
Although the reviewers listed above provided many constructive comments and suggestions, they were not asked to endorse the content of the proceedings nor did they see the final draft before its release. The review of this proceedings was overseen by ROBERT S. LAWRENCE, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health. He was responsible
for making certain that an independent examination of this proceedings was carried out in accordance with standards of the National Academies and that all review comments were carefully considered. Responsibility for the final content rests entirely with the rapporteurs and the National Academies.
Acknowledgments
A number of individuals contributed to the development of this workshop and proceedings. These include several staff members from the Health and Medicine Division and the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine: Daniel Cesnalis, Sarah Kelley, Mariam Malik, Priyanka Nalamada, Julie Pavlin, Katherine Perez, Bettina Ritter, Rachel Taylor, and Taryn Young. The planning committee contributed hours of service to develop and execute the agenda. Reviewers also provided thoughtful remarks in reading the draft manuscript.
The overall successful functioning of the Forum on Public–Private Partnerships for Global Health and Safety (PPP Forum) and its activities depends on the generosity of its sponsors. Financial support for the PPP Forum is provided by Anheuser-Busch InBev; Becton, Dickinson and Company; Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation; Catholic Health Association of the United States; ExxonMobil; Fogarty International Center of the National Institutes of Health; General Electric; Global Health Innovative Technology Fund; Intel Corporation; Johnson & Johnson; Medtronic; Merck; Novartis Foundation; PATH; PepsiCo; Procter & Gamble Co.; The Rockefeller Foundation; Safaricom; United Nations Foundation; University of Notre Dame; UPS Foundation; U.S. Agency for International Development; U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Office of Global Affairs; U.S. Department of State; U.S. Food and Drug Administration; and The Vitality Group.
This page intentionally left blank.
Contents
Organization of the Proceedings
2 GLOBAL HEALTH AND GOVERNANCE OF PUBLIC–PRIVATE PARTNERSHIPS IN THE CURRENT CONTEXT
Addressing Major Challenges in the Governance of Global Health Public–Private Partnerships
3 LEGAL CONSIDERATIONS FOR PUBLIC–PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP GOVERNANCE IN GLOBAL HEALTH
Determined, Resilient, Empowered, AIDS-Free, Mentored, and Safe (DREAMS)
Global Health Innovative Technology (GHIT) Fund
African Comprehensive HIV/AIDS Partnerships (ACHAP)
5 EVALUATING AND REPORTING ON PUBLIC–PRIVATE PARTNERSHIPS IN GLOBAL HEALTH
6 IDENTIFYING KEY ISSUES IN THE GOVERNANCE OF PUBLIC–PRIVATE PARTNERSHIPS IN GLOBAL HEALTH
Box, Figures, and Tables
BOX
FIGURES
2-1 Different types of public–private partnerships
A-1 Graph of usage of “governance” in Google Books, 1940–2008
A-2 Two-dimensional model of governance with transparency and accountability
TABLES
2-1 PPP Governance Matrix: Assessing Transparency and Accountability for a Hypothetical PPP
4-1 Partnerships Presented at the Workshop on October 26, 2017
A-1 Two-by-Two Table of Low and High Levels of Transparency and Accountability
A-2 Governance Matrix for PPPs: Assessing Transparency and Accountability for a Hypothetical PPP
Acronyms and Abbreviations
ACHAP |
African Comprehensive HIV/AIDS Partnerships |
CBO |
community-based organization |
CEO |
chief executive officer |
DREAMS |
Determined, Resilient, Empowered, AIDS-Free, Mentored, and Safe |
Gates Foundation |
Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation |
Gavi |
Gavi, the Vaccine Alliance |
GHIT |
Global Health Innovative Technology |
Global Fund |
Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria |
GPEI |
Global Polio Eradication Initiative |
GSK |
GlaxoSmithKline |
IFPMA |
International Federation of Pharmaceutical Manufacturers & Associations |
IP |
intellectual property |
MOU |
memorandum of understanding |
NGO |
nongovernmental organization |
PEPFAR |
The U.S. President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief |
PPP |
public–private partnership |
PPP Forum |
Forum on Public–Private Partnerships for Global Health and Safety |
UICC |
Union for International Cancer Control |
UNAIDS |
Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS |
UPS |
United Parcel Service |
WHO |
World Health Organization |