Appendix D

Biographical Sketches of the Committee

John S. Applegate, Chair, is the executive vice president for University Academic Affairs at Indiana University (IU) and the Walter W. Foskett Professor of Law in the IU Maurer School of Law. He has served as a vice president for IU since 2008. He teaches and has written extensively in the fields of environmental law, administrative law, regulation of chemicals and hazardous wastes, international environmental law, risk assessment, and the management of radioactive waste. He chaired the Fernald Citizens Advisory Board at the U.S. Department of Energy’s (DOE’s) Fernald facility in Ohio from 1993-1998 and he served on the DOE Environmental Management Advisory Board from 1994-2001. He has also served on several National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine studies. A member of the American Law Institute, Professor Applegate has also taught at the University of Paris (Panthéon-Assas) and University of Erlangen-Nürnberg and has been a research fellow at Cardiff University. Before moving to Indiana, he was the James B. Helmer, Jr., Professor of Law at the University of Cincinnati’s College of Law and was a visiting professor at the Vanderbilt University Law School. He was a judicial law clerk for the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit and an attorney in private practice in Washington, DC. He has served as a board member of the National Academies’ Nuclear and Radiation Studies Board; he was chair of the National Academies’ Workshop on Low-Level Radioactive Waste Management and Disposition; and he has served on several National Academies’ committees. Professor Applegate received his BA in English from Haverford College in 1978 and his JD from Harvard Law School in 1981.

Allen G. Croff, Vice Chair, is an adjunct professor of nuclear and environmental engineering in the Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering at Vanderbilt University. He is also a member of the U.S. Nuclear Waste Technical Review Board, appointed to this position by the president in February 2015, and a Distinguished Emeritus Member of the National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements. Mr. Croff has 29 years of technical and program management experience at Oak Ridge National Laboratory. He was subsequently vice-chairman of the Advisory Committee on Nuclear Waste in the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission and a Senior Technical Advisor to the Blue Ribbon Commission on America’s Nuclear Future. He has led or participated in numerous multidisciplinary national and international technical and review committees for the National Academies, the National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements, the Nuclear Energy Research Advisory Committee, and the Nuclear Development Committee of the Nuclear Energy Agency. Mr. Croff’s technical accomplishments include creating the ORIGEN2 computer code used worldwide to calculate the radioactive characteristics of nuclear materials for use in nuclear material and waste characterization, risk analyses, and nuclear fuel cycle analysis; developing and evaluating comprehensive, risk-based waste classification systems, including changing the boundary defining transuranic waste from 10 to 100 nCi/g; technical, economic, and systems analysis of current and advanced nuclear fuel/material cycles from uranium mining through waste disposal; conceiving, analyzing, and reviewing actinide partitioning-transmutation (P-T) concepts beginning with the first comprehensive analysis of P-T from 1976 to 1980 through subsequent cycles of renewed interest in the concept up to the present. Mr. Croff received a BS (1971) in chemical engineering from Michigan State University, a nuclear engineer degree (1974) from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and an MBA (1981) from the University of Tennessee.

Margaret S.Y. Chu provides consulting services to domestic and international clients in nuclear waste management, nuclear fuel cycle analysis, nuclear security analysis, and research and development. Her entire career has been devoted to promoting safe nuclear energy and nuclear fuel cycle. She has extensive experience in successfully managing large, multidisciplinary projects and in negotiating with customers, regulators, and stakeholders. She has more than 20 years of experience serving at Sandia National Laboratories in several capacities, including as director of the Nuclear Waste Management Program Center, manager of the Environmental Risk Assessment and Waste Management Department, and deputy manager of the Waste Isolation Pilot Project (WIPP) and Technical Integration Department. In 2002, she was appointed by President George W. Bush as director of the U.S. Department of Energy’s (DOE’s) Office of Civilian Radioactive Waste Management, which is responsible for developing the nation’s waste disposal system for spent nuclear fuel and high-level radioactive waste at Yucca Mountain. She has authored nearly 50 publications and has received numerous awards, including in 2005 the Secretary of Energy’s Gold Award, DOE’s highest honor, and Team Lead of the Lockheed Martin Nova Award (1998). She is a member of the National Academies’ Nuclear and Radiation Studies Board, a member of the Advisory Committee of Reactor Safeguards at the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, and a member of the Nuclear Energy Advisory Committee at DOE. She is a member of the National Academy of Engineering (NAE). She holds a BS in chemistry from Purdue University and a PhD in physical (quantum) chemistry from the University of Minnesota.

Kenneth R. Czerwinski is a professor in the radiochemistry program at the University of Nevada, Las Vegas, and director of the radiochemistry PhD program. His current research is centered on understanding the chemical speciation and coordination of actinides and technetium compounds for exploratory and applied studies. His fundamental research focuses on coordination chemistry and evaluating electronic structure. By understanding radioelement-containing systems, one can determine relevant species, study their behavior, verify results, inform computational efforts, and incorporate the latest concepts into education. His current projects include speciation of actinides in spent fuel, chemical speciation of actinides in separations, nuclear forensics, and radioelement compounds and material synthesis. Dr. Czerwinski has been an associate professor in the Nuclear Engineering Department at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and an associate research scientist for the Institut für Radiochemie Technische Universität München. He has been accorded the Presidential Early Career Award in Science and Engineering and was elected Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science in 2012 for his distinguished contributions to actinide and fission product chemistry. Dr. Czerwinski obtained his BA from Knox College in Russian language and chemistry and his PhD in nuclear chemistry from the University of California, Berkeley.

Rachel J. Detwiler is principal engineer at Beton Consulting Engineers, LLC. Her areas of expertise are construction troubleshooting, concrete durability, transport properties, microstructure, and test methods for concrete and cement-based materials. Dr. Detwiler previously worked as an associate and senior engineer at Braun Intertec Corporation; a principal engineer at Construction Technology Laboratories; an assistant professor at the University of Toronto; and a design and materials engineer with ABAM Engineers, Inc. She is a fellow of the American Concrete Institute, where she served as chair of Committee 227 on Radioactive and Hazardous Waste Management and as a member of the Publications Committee. She is a member and past chair of Committee 234 on Silica Fume in Concrete and a member of Committee 201 on Durability of Concrete. She also served in an advisory role until 1986 for the initial development of a formulation of grout for the stabilization of radioactive and hazardous waste in underground storage tanks at the Savannah River Site. Dr. Detwiler has published more than 60 technical papers related to concrete microscopy, durability, and testing. Dr. Detwiler has served on several National Academies committees. Dr. Detwiler holds a BS in civil engineering, an MS in structural engineering, and a PhD in civil engineering materials from the University of California, Berkeley. She was also a postdoctoral fellow at the Institute for Building Materials at the Norges Tekniske Høgskole, Trondheim, Norway.

Timothy A. DeVol is the Toshiba Professor of Nuclear Engineering and director of the Nuclear Environmental Engineering Sciences and Radioactive Waste Management Center at Clemson University. Dr. DeVol’s primary teaching responsibilities are in the areas of radiation detection and measurement, environmental risk assessment, and introduction to nuclear engineering and radiological sciences. Dr. DeVol oversees the Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology–Applied and Natural Science Accreditation Commission’s accredited Environmental Health Physics educational program in the Environmental Engineering and Earth Sciences Department at Clemson University. Dr. DeVol’s research interests are in the areas of radiological environmental measurements, environmental health physics, statistical methods, homeland security, nuclear forensics, and in situ and field portable analytical instrumentation for radioactive environmental contaminant quantification. Dr. DeVol has more than 60 refereed publications and more than 160 presentations in the field of detection of radioactive materials. He holds three U.S. patents on the development of methods and materials for the detection of radioactivity in the environment. Additionally, Dr. DeVol has helped to bring in more than $8 million in externally funded research, of which $4.5 million was directly attributed to him in his more than 20 years on the faculty at Clemson University. Dr. DeVol is also the recipient of the 2003 and 2011 Clemson University Innovation Award and the 2004 Elda E. Anderson Award from the Health Physics Society. He is a member of the American Nuclear Society, the Health Physics Society, and the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Society. Dr. DeVol is an American Board of Health Physics certified health physicist. He holds an MS and a PhD, in nuclear engineering from the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, and a BS in engineering physics from The Ohio State University, Columbus.

Rodney C. Ewing is the Frank Stanton Professor in Nuclear Security and co-director of the Center for International Security and Cooperation in the Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies and a professor in the Department of Geological Sciences in the School of Earth, Energy and Environmental Sciences at Stanford University. In addition, he is the Edward H. Kraus Distinguished University Professor Emeritus at the University of Michigan, where he was in three departments: Earth & Environmental Sciences, Nuclear Engineering & Radiological Sciences, and Materials Science and Engineering. He is also a Regents’ Emeritus Professor at the University of New Mexico. His professional interests are in mineralogy and materials science and his research has focused on radiation effects in complex ceramic materials and the long-term durability of radioactive waste forms. He is a Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, the American Ceramic Society, The Geochemical Society, the Geological Society of America, the Mineralogical Society of America, and the Materials Research Society. He is a past president of the International Union of Materials Research Societies and the Mineralogical Society of America. In 2006, he was awarded the Lomonosov Great Gold Medal of the Russian Academy of Sciences and in 2007 he was awarded an Honorary Doctor of Université Pierre et Marie Curie. He is a member of the National Academy of Engineering (NAE). He received his MS and PhD in geology from Stanford University.

Craig S. Hansen is an independent business consultant with 27 years of executive and senior-level experience in facility/site management; business and product line management; executing large and complex nuclear plant manufacturing, construction, decommissioning, and nuclear reactor servicing contracts; and in successful leadership of complex technical projects facing a wide range of stakeholder challenges. Mr. Hansen has extensive experience with BWXT, formerly the nuclear technology business of the Babcock & Wilcox Company (B&W). His most recent service was as president and board member (2013-2014) at B&W’s American Centrifuge Manufacturing LLC (ACM), where he was responsible for the management and operations of the American Centrifuge Technology and Manufacturing Center located in Oak Ridge, Tennessee, overseeing direction, management, and operation through bankruptcy and program re-alignment; managed a sophisticated technical manufacturing operation in a highly automated facility; and led product line diversification and demobilization due to government funding cuts. In B&W’s nuclear manufacturing division (2008-2013), he was the vice president of nuclear equipment where he was responsible for B&W’s global commercial nuclear equipment business along with U.S. and Canadian manufacturing sites, worldwide contracts, and product lines. From 2003 through 2008, Mr. Hansen organized and managed

B&W’s government relations team. As B&W’s deputy site manager (2001-2003), he accelerated the cleanup and public relations at the U.S. Department of Energy Miamisburg Environmental Management Project (Mound Plant), a site on the National Priorities List since 1989 due to past disposal practices and releases to the environment. Prior to B&W, he worked on the Naval Nuclear Propulsion Program in Washington, DC, and Idaho (1988-2001) in a series of progressively responsible positions at the nuclear reactor headquarters and naval reactor site management. He also served as the first chairman of the U.S. Department of Commerce Civil Nuclear Trade Advisory Committee. Mr. Hansen has a BA from Eastern Washington University in operations management.

Milton Levenson¹ was an independent consultant with a long and successful 73 years in the nuclear energy and related fields. His work experience began at Oak Ridge National Laboratory in 1944, with most of it in nuclear reactor safety and fuel processing. He served as a research engineer at Oak Ridge from 1944 to 1948; during part of that time (1944-1946) he was also in the U.S. Army. In 1948, Mr. Levenson moved to Illinois to work at the Argonne National Laboratory, where he retired as an associate laboratory director in 1973. He then moved to the Electric Power Research Institute in Palo Alto, California, where he served as the first director of the nuclear power division, a post he held until 1980. From 1981 to 1988, Mr. Levenson served as an executive consultant to the Bechtel Power Corporation in San Francisco and became vice president of Bechtel International in 1984, a position he kept until 1989. In 1990, he began work as a private executive consultant. He is the author of more than 150 publications and presentations and holds three U.S. patents. Mr. Levenson was a Fellow of the American Institute of Chemical Engineering (AIChE) and received the Robert E. Wilson award from AIChE in 1975 for his contributions to nuclear chemical engineering. He was a member of the American Nuclear Society (ANS) for more than 50 years and was an ANS Fellow, the highest membership grade of ANS. He was elected the 29th president of ANS in 1983. He was also a recipient of a special ANS award for his work on the Source Term. He was elected to the National Academy of Engineering (NAE) in 1976 for his contributions to fast reactor technology, nuclear fuel reprocessing, and especially the first remote-handling completely closed fuel cycle plant. He served as a chair or committee member for several National Academies studies. Mr. Levenson earned a bachelor’s degree in chemical engineering from the University of Minnesota in 1943.

Cathy Middlecamp is a professor at the Nelson Institute for Environmental Studies and the Integrated Liberal Studies Program (Howe Bascom Professor) at the University of Wisconsin–Madison. Since 2015, she has also served as the interim director for academics and research for the Office of Sustainability. On campus, statewide, and nationally she has been recognized for her excellence in teaching and service to a diverse group of students. From 2007 to 2016, she was the editor-in-chief for Chemistry in Context, a project of the American Chemical Society, and has served as the lead author for the chapters on nuclear energy, air quality, stratospheric ozone depletion, acid rain, and polymers. Other recognition from the American Chemical Society includes being elected as a Fellow (2009) and receiving national awards for incorporating sustainability into the chemistry curriculum (2011), for encouraging women in careers in the chemical sciences (2003), and for fostering diversity (2001). Over the past 20 years, Dr. Middlecamp has designed, supervised, and taught in a number of programs for students under-represented in the sciences, both collegiate and pre-collegiate. In addition, she has edited and contributed chapters to monographs on teaching and learning sustainability in the chemistry curriculum. Recognition from the American Association for the Advancement of Science includes being named a Fellow (2003) and being elected the chair of Section Q, Education (2015). Dr. Middlecamp graduated with distinction in all subjects and Phi Beta Kappa from Cornell University (1972), earned her PhD in chemistry from the University Wisconsin–Madison (1976), and holds a master’s degree in education from the University of Wisconsin–Madison (1989).

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¹ Deceased on March 31, 2018.

Alfred P. Sattelberger retired in 2017 from the Argonne National Laboratory, where he most recently was the deputy lab director for Programs, a chief research officer, and a senior intelligence official. Prior to his appointment as an associate lab director at Argonne in 2006, he was a senior laboratory fellow and former head of the Chemistry Division and the Science and Technology Base Program Office at the Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL). Dr. Sattelberger’s research interests include actinide coordination and organometallic chemistry, technetium chemistry, homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis, and nuclear energy. Before joining LANL in 1984, Dr. Sattelberger held a faculty appointment in the Chemistry Department at the University of Michigan. He is a former chair of the Inorganic Chemistry Division of the American Chemical Society (ACS) and the Chemistry Section of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). He served as a member of the 1996 Environmental Management Science Program merit review panel. He was elected a Fellow of AAAS in 2002 in recognition of his scientific contributions to early transition metal and f-element chemistry, and was elected a Fellow of ACS in 2010. He has also served as a member of several National Academies committees examining radioactive waste management issues at the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) and is currently the chair of the Nuclear Technology R&D Subcommittee of the DOE Nuclear Energy Advisory Committee. Dr. Sattelberger received a BA in chemistry at Rutgers College in 1970 and obtained a PhD in inorganic chemistry from Indiana University in 1975.

Barry E. Scheetz is recognized for his expertise in the chemistry of cementitious systems for waste forms and environmental remediation. He is a retired professor of materials, civil, and nuclear engineering at The Pennsylvania State University. His work includes environmental waste management programs such as the remediation of mine lands by the use of industrial by-products, focusing on large-volume usage of fly-ash-based cementitious grouts. Other programs include developments of radioactive waste forms based on vitrifiable hydroceramics and sodium zirconium phosphate structures. Dr. Scheetz received a national internship from the Argonne National Laboratory in 1972 and he was a National Academy of Sciences visiting scholar to China in 1989. He served as a member of the National Academies’ Board on Radioactive Waste Management’s Committees on Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory High-Level Waste Alternative Treatments, and Cesium Processing Alternatives for High-Level Waste at the Savannah River Site. Dr. Scheetz is the author of more than 240 scientific publications and holds 40 U.S. and world patents. He received a BS in chemical education from Bloomsburg State College and an MS in geochemistry and a PhD in geochemistry from The Pennsylvania State University.

Anne E. Smith is a managing director and the co-chair of the National Economic Research Associates, Inc.’s (NERA’s) Global Environment Practice. Trained in economics, decision sciences, and mathematical modeling, she has applied this expertise to issues including air quality, climate change, contaminated sites, food safety, and nuclear waste management. She has also conducted training courses in health risk assessment and risk management for the staff of corporations and government agencies. In addition to her consulting activities, Dr. Smith has served on National Academies committees, the United Nations (UN) Economic Commission for Europe, the UN’s Joint Group of Experts on the Scientific Aspects of Marine Environmental Protection (GESAMP), and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s (EPA’s) Board of Scientific Counselors. She is a member of many different professional societies, performs peer reviews for journal articles, and served on the Board of Directors of the Society for Benefit-Cost Analysis in 2013 and 2014. Prior to joining NERA, Dr. Smith was practice leader of Climate and Sustainability at Charles River Associates. She was also a vice president and a policy analysis practice leader at Decision Focus Incorporated and served as an economist in the Office of Policy Planning and Evaluation at EPA. Dr. Smith graduated summa cum laude from Duke University with a BA in economics and from Stanford University with an MA and a PhD in economics and a PhD minor in engineering-economic systems.

Chris G. Whipple has 40 years of experience in managing risks to human health and the environment. The major emphases of his work have been radioactive wastes, hazardous air pollutants, and environmental mercury. He has served on numerous national committees addressing radioactive waste management, including committees of the National Academies, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, and the National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements, of which he is a member. He was elected to membership in the National Academy of Engineering (NAE) in 2001. He has chaired the National Academies’ Board on Radioactive Waste Management, as well as National Academies committees on the Review of the Hanford Site’s Environmental Remediation Science and Technology Plan; Models in the Regulatory Decision Process; Medical Isotope Production Without Highly Enriched Uranium; and Understanding and Managing Risk in Security Systems for the Department of Energy Nuclear Weapons Complex. He also co-chaired the National Academies’ Report Review Committee from 2008-2016. He was a charter member and second president of the Society for Risk Analysis and is a Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science. He received a PhD and an MS in engineering science from the California Institute of Technology and a BS in engineering science from Purdue University. In 2004, he received Purdue’s Distinguished Engineering Alumni Award.