Commercial Space Operations Noise and Sonic Boom Modeling and Analysis (2018)

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7-1 CHAPTER 7. References American National Standards Institute "Quantities and Procedures for Description and Measurement of Environmental Sound: Part 4,” ANSI S12.9, Part 4 1996. Blokhintzev, D.I., “The Propagation of Sound in an Inhomogeneous and Moving Medium I”, J. Acoust. Soc. Am., 18, pp. 322-328; also “Acoustics of a Nonhomogeneous Moving Medium”, Gostekhiazat, Moscow, USSR, 1946: translated as NACA-TM-1399, 1946. BRRC, “Task 3.2 Deliverable: Rocket Noise Model Database Description Document,” 4 Dec 2015. Buckley, R. and Morefy, C. L., Flight Effects on Jet Mixing Noise: Scaling Laws Predicted for Single Jets from Flight Simulation Data, Atlanta, GA: AIAA, 1983. Buckley, R. and Morfey, C. L., Scaling Laws for Jet Mixing Noise in Simulated Flight and the Prediction Scheme Associated, Williamsburg, VA: AIAA, 1984. Carlson, H.W., "Simplified Sonic Boom Prediction", NASA Technical Paper 1122, 1978. Cheng, H.K., Lee, C. J., Hafez, M. M. and Guo, W. H., "Sonic Boom Propagation and Submarine Impact: A Study of Computational and Theoretical Issues," AIAA-96-0755, Reno, NV, 1996 Chessel, C., Propagation of noise along a finite impedance boundary, vol. 62, J. Acoust. Soc. Am., 1977, pp. 825-834. Daigle, G. A., Effects of atmospheric turbulence on the interference sound waves above a finite impedance boundary, vol. 65, J. Acoust. Soc. Am., 1979. Eldred, K. M., NASA SP-8072: Acoustic Loads Generated By the Propulsion Systems, NASA, 1971. Embleton, T., Piercy, J., and Daigie, G., Effective flow resistivity of ground surfaces determined by acoustical measurements, vol. 74, J. Acoust. Soc. Am., 1983, pp. 1239-1244. Federal Aviation Administration, 1050.1F Desk Reference, September 2016. [https://www.faa.gov/about/office_org/headquarters_offices/apl/environ_policy_guidance/policy/faa_ nepa_order/desk_ref/]. Federal Aviation Administration, “About the Office (Commercial Space Transportation).” 02 Oct 2014. [http://www.faa.gov/about/office_org/headquarters_offices/ast/about/]. Federal Aviation Administration, “Environmental Program (Commercial Space Transportation).” 29 June 2016. [https://www.faa.gov/about/office_org/headquarters_offices/ast/environmental/]. Federal Aviation Administration, ‘Guidance on Using the Aviation Environmental Design Tool (AEDT) to Conduct Environmental Modeling for FAA Actions Subject to NEPA’, September 12, 2016. Guest. S. H., NASA TN D-1999: Acoustic Efficiency Trends for High Thrust Boosters, NASA Marshall Space Flight Center: NASA, 1964. Hayes, W.D., R.C. Haefeli, and H.E. Kulsrud, “Sonic Boom Propagation in a Stratified Atmosphere, With Computer Program”, NASA CR-1299, April 1969. Haynes, J. and Kenny, J. R., Modifications to the NASA SP-8072 Distributed Source Method II, Miami, Florida: AIAA, 2009. Holloway, P.F., G.A. Wilhold, J.H. Jones, F. Garcia, and R.M. Hicks, “Shuttle Sonic Boom – Technology and Predictions,” AIAA paper 73-1039, October 1973. James, M. M., Salton, A. R., Gee K. L., Neilsen, T. B., and McInerny, S. A., Full-scale rocket motor acoustic tests and comparisons with empirical source models, vol. 18, J. Acoust. Soc. Am., 2014.

7-2 James, M. M., Salton, A. R., Gee, K. L., Neilsen, T. B., McInerny, S. A., and Kenny, R. J., Modification of directivity curves for a rocket noise model, vol. 18, J. Acoust. Soc. Am., 2014. Jarvinen, P.O., and J.A.F. Hill, “Universal Model for Underexpanded Rocket Plumes in Hypersonic Flow,” Proceedings of the 12th JANNAF Liquid Meeting, Las Vegas, Nevada, 1970. Leatherwood, J.D., B.M. Sullivan, K.P. Shepherd, D.A. McCurdy, and S.A. Brown, " Summary of recent NASA studies of human response to sonic booms," J. Acoust. Soc. Am., 111, (1), Pt. 2, Jan. 2002, pp 586- 598. Middleton, W.D., and H.W. Carlson, "A Numerical Method for Calculating Near-Field Sonic-Boom Pressure Signatures," NASA TN D-3082, November 1965. National Aeronautics and Space Administration, U.S Standard Atmosphere, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C., 1976. Naylor, T.H., and Finger, J.M., “Verification of Computer Simulation Models”, Management Science, Vol. 2, pp. B92-B101, 1967. Onyeonwu, R.O., “A Numerical Study of the Effects of Aircraft Maneuvers on the Focusing of Sonic Booms,” UTIAS Report No. 192, November 1973. Page, J.A., Hobbs, C.M., and Potkin, K.J., “PCBoom Model Prediction Comparisons with Flight Test Measurement Data”, Wyle Technical Note TN 10-01, March 2010. Plotkin, K.J., "Low Boom Supersonic Vehicle Shaping Tools, Including Three-Dimensional Effects," WR 09-15, June 2009. Plotkin, K.J., and Grandi, F., "Computer Models for Sonic Boom Analysis: PCBoom4, CABoom, BooMap, CORBoom," Wyle Research Report WR 02-11, June 2002. Plotkin, K.J., J.A. Page, and E.A. Haering, Jr., “Extension of PCBoom to Over-The-Top Booms, Ellipsoidal Earth, and Full 3-D Ray Tracing,” AIAA 2007-3677, May 2007. Plotkin, K.J., J.A. Page, and C. Wilmer, “PCBoom Version 6.6 Technical Reference and User Manual,” Wyle Report WR 10-10, December 2010. Rickley, E. J., Rosenbaum, J. E., Fleming, G. G., Roof, C. J., and Boeker, E. R., "Development of Simplified Procedure for Computing the Absorption of Sound by the Atmosphere and Applicability to Aircraft Noise Certification: Proposed SAE Method," U.S. Department of Transportation, Cambridge, MA, 2012. Saxena, S. and Morris, P., Noise Predictions for High Subsonic Single and Dual-Stream Jets in Flight, Colorado Springs, CO, 2012. Schulten, J.B.H.M., "Computation of aircraft noise propagation through the atmospheric boundary layer," NLR TP 97-374, July 1997. Shepherd, K.P., and B.M. Sullivan, ‘‘A loudness calculation procedure applied to shaped sonic booms,’’ NASA Technical Paper 3134, 1991. Stevens, S.S., “Perceived Level of Noise by Mark VII and Decibels (E)”, J. Acoustical Soc. Am., 51(2) (Part 2), 575-601, 1972. Sutherland, L. C., "Progress and Problems in Rocket Noise Prediction for Ground Facilities," AIAA-93- 4383, 1993. Taylor, A.D., "The TRAPS Sonic Boom Program", NOAA Technical Memorandum ERL-87, July 1980. Thomas, C.L., "Extrapolation of Sonic Boom Pressure Signatures by the Waveform Parameter Method," NASA TN D-6832, June 1972.

7-3 Tiegerman, B., Sonic Booms of Drag-Dominated Hypersonic Vehicles, PhD Thesis, Cornell University, August 1975. University of Wyoming, Department of Atmospheric Science, "Weather - Upper Air - Sounding Data," [Online]. Available: http://weather.uwyo.edu/upperair/sounding.html. [Accessed 20 September 2016] U.S. DOT Volpe Center: Alexis Zubrow, Sunje Hwang, Meghan Ahearn, Andrew Hansen, Jonathan Koopmann, and Gina Solman. “Aviation Environmental Design Tool (AEDT) 2c User Guide.” September, 2016. U.S. DOT Volpe Center: Meghan Ahearn, et al, “Aviation Environmental Design Tool (AEDT) Technical Manual, Version 2b Service Pack 3.” June 2016. U.S. DOT Volpe Center. AEDT Downloads, Instructional Resources, Exercises: “Create New Study Exercise Part 1, Study Details.” http://www.virgingalactic.com/human-spaceflight/our-vehicles/ Viswanathan, K. and Czech, M. J., Measurements and Modeling of Effect of Forward Flight on Jet Noise, vol. 49, AIAA, 2011. Wanner, J-C.L., J. Vallee, C. Vivier, and C. Thery, “Theoretical and Experimental Studies of the Focus of Sonic Booms,” J.Acoustic. Soc. Am, 53, 1, 1971, pp 13-32. Whitham, G.B., "On the Propagation of Weak Shock Waves," J.Fluid Mech., 1, 290-318, 1956. Wyle: Kevin Bradley and Benjamin May. “ACRP Project 02-66 – Sonic Boom Model Database Fields 12-31-15.pdf” December 2015.