National Academies Press: OpenBook
« Previous: 9 Conclusions and Recommendations
Suggested Citation:"References." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2018. Permanent Supportive Housing: Evaluating the Evidence for Improving Health Outcomes Among People Experiencing Chronic Homelessness. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/25133.
×

References

ACL (Administration for Community Living, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services). 2014. Guidance to HHS Agencies for Implementing Principles of Section 2402(a) of the Affordable Care Act: Standards for Person-Centered Planning and Self-Direction in Home and Community-Based Services Programs. Available at https://www.acl.gov/sites/default/files/about-acl/2017-04/2402-a-Guidance.pdf. Accessed March 30, 2018.

Adair, C. E., B. Kopp, J. Distasio, S. W. Hwang, J. Lavoie, S. Veldhuizen, J. Voronka, A. F. Kaufman, J. M. Somers, S. R. LeBlanc, S. Cote, S. Addorisio, D. Matte, and P. Goering. 2016. Housing quality in a randomized controlled trial of Housing First for homeless individuals with mental illness: Correlates and associations with outcomes. Journal of Urban Health 93(4):682-697.

Advisory Commission on Regulatory Barriers to Affordable Housing. 1991. Not in My Back Yard: Removing Barriers to Affordable Housing. Report to President Bush and Secretary Kemp. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development. Available at https://www.huduser.gov/Publications/pdf/NotInMyBackyard.pdf. Accessed February 27, 2017.

Aidala, A. A., L. Gunjeong, D. M. Abramson, P. Messeri, and A. Siegler. 2007. Housing need, housing assistance, and connection to HIV medical care. AIDS and Behavior 11(6):101-115.

Aidala, A. A., W. McAllister, M. Yomogida, and V. Shubert. 2003. Frequent Users Service Enhancement “Fuse” Initiative: New York City Fuse II Evaluation Report. New York: Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health.

Aidala, A. A., M. G Wilson, V. Shubert, D. Gogolishvili, J. Globerman, S. Rueda, A. K. Bozack, M. Caban, and S. B. Rourke. 2016. Housing status, medical care, and health outcomes among people living with HIV/AIDS: A systematic review. American Journal of Public Health 106:e1-e23.

Altena, A. M., S. N. Brilleslijper-Kater, and J. L. Wolf. 2010. Effective interventions for homeless youth: A systematic review. American Journal of Preventive Medicine 38(6):637-645.

American College of Medical Quality. 2010. Policy 8: Definition and Application of Medical Necessity. Available at http://www.acmq.org/policies/policy8.pdf. Accessed May 23, 2017.

Suggested Citation:"References." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2018. Permanent Supportive Housing: Evaluating the Evidence for Improving Health Outcomes Among People Experiencing Chronic Homelessness. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/25133.
×

American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. 2013. Health Care for Homeless Women. Committee Opinion 576. Available at https://www.acog.org/-/media/Committee-Opinions/Committee-on-Health-Care-for-Underserved-Women/co576.pdf?dmc=1&ts=20180424T1835042016. Accessed April 24, 2018.

American Planning Association. 2003. APA Policy Guide on Homelessness. Available at https://planning.org/policy/guides/adopted/homelessness.htm. Accessed February 27, 2017.

Asgary, R., V. Garland, A. Jakubowski, and B. Sckell. 2014. Colorectal cancer screening among the homeless population of New York City shelter-based clinics. American Journal of Public Health 104(7):1307-1313.

Aubry, T., S. Tsemberis, C. E. Adair, S. Veldhuizen, S. D. Streiner, E. Latimer, J. Sareen, M. Patterson, K. McGarvey, B. Kopp, and C. Hume. 2015. One-year outcomes of a randomized controlled trial of Housing First with ACT in five Canadian cities. Psychiatric Services 66(5):463-469.

Aubry, T., P. Goering, S. Veldhuizen, C. E. Adair, J. Bourque, J. Distasio, E. Latimer, V. Stergiopoulos, J. Somers, D. L. Streiner, and S. Tsemberis. 2016. A multiple-city RCT of Housing First with Assertive Community Treatment for homeless Canadians with serious mental illness. Psychiatric Services 67(3):275-281.

Auerswald, C. L., J. S. Lin, and A. Parriott. 2016. Six-year mortality in a street-recruited cohort of homeless youth in San Francisco, California. Peer J 4:e1909; doi:10.7717/peerj.1909.

Austin, E. L., D. E. Pollio, S. Holmes, J. Schumacher, B. White, C. V. Lukas, and S. Kertesz. 2014. VA’s expansion of supportive housing: Successes and challenges on the path toward Housing First. Psychiatric Services 65(5):641-647.

Baggett, T. P., J. J. O'Connell, D. E. Singer, and N. A. Rigotti. 2010. The unmet health care needs of homeless adults: A national study. American Journal of Public Health 100(7):1326-1333.

Baggett, T. P., S. W. Hwang, J. J. O’Connell, B. C. Porneala, E. J. Stringfellow, E. J. Orav, D. E. Singer, and N. A. Rigotti. 2013. Mortality among homeless adults in Boston: Shifts in causes of death over a 15-year period. JAMA Internal Medicine 173(3):189-195.

Baker, T., and J. Evans. 2016. “Housing First” and the changing terrains of homeless governance. Geography Compass 10(1):25-41.

Bamberger, J. 2016. Reducing homelessness by embracing housing as a Medicaid benefit. JAMA Internal Medicine 176(8):1051-1052.

Bamberger, J. D., and S. K. Dobbins. 2015. A research note: Long-term cost effectiveness of placing homeless seniors in permanent supportive housing. Cityscape 17(2):269-277.

Barker, P. M., A. Reid, and M. W. Schall. 2016. A framework for scaling up health interventions: Lessons from large-scale improvement initiatives in Africa. Implementation Science 11(12):1-11.

Suggested Citation:"References." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2018. Permanent Supportive Housing: Evaluating the Evidence for Improving Health Outcomes Among People Experiencing Chronic Homelessness. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/25133.
×

Barker, S., N. Barron, B. H. McFarland, D. A. Bigelow, and T. Carnahan. 1994. A community ability scale for chronically mentally ill consumers: Part II. Applications. Community Mental Health Journal 30(5):459-472.

Barnes, S. 2012. Review of Trends, Policies, Practices and Implications of Scattered Site Housing. Toronto, Canada: Wellesley Institute.

Barr, A. 2004. Evaluation Research: A. A qualitative evaluation of a supported housing program for homeless persons with severe mental illness. Pp. 147-156 in The Qualitative Research Experience, D. K. Padgett, ed. Belmont, CA: Thomson Learning.

Basu, A., R. Kee, D. Buchanan, and L. S. Sadowski. 2012. Comparative cost analysis of housing and case management program for chronically ill homeless adults compared to usual care. Health Services Research 47(1, Part 2):523-543

Bassuk, E. L., and S. Geller. 2006. The role of housing and services in ending family homelessness. Housing Policy Debate 17(4):781-806.

Bassuk, E. L., A. DeCandia, A. Tsertsvadze, and M. K. Richard. 2014. The effective of housing interventions and housing and service interventions on ending family homelessness: A systematic review. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry 84(5):457-474.

Bean, K. F., M. S. Shafer, and M. Glennon. 2013. The impact of housing first and peer support on people who are medically vulnerable and homeless. Psychiatric Rehabilitation Journal 36(1):48-50.

Bell, S. H., and L. R. Peck. 2016. On the “how” of social experiments: Experimental designs for getting inside the black box. New Directions for Evaluation 152:97-107.

Bellamy, J. L., S. E. Bledsoe, E. J. Mullen, L. Fang, and J. I. Manuel. 2008. Agency–university partnership for evidence-based practice in social work. Journal of Social Work Education 44:55-76.

Bernstein, R. S., L. M. Meurer, E. J. Plumb, and J. L. Jackson. 2015. Diabetes and hypertension prevalence in homeless adults in the United States: A systematic review and meta-analysis. American Journal of Public Health 105(2):e46-e60.

Bowen, E. A. 2016. A multilevel ecological model of HIV risk for people who are homeless or unstably housed and who use drugs in the urban United States. Social Work in Public Health 31(4):264-275.

BPC (Bipartisan Policy Center). 2013. Housing America’s Future: New Directions for National Policy. Available at http://bipartisanpolicy.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/default/files/BPC_Housing%20Report_web_0.pdf. Accessed February 27, 2017.

BPC. 2018. HUD-HHS Partnerships: A Prescription for Better Health. Available at https://bipartisanpolicy.org/library/hud-hhs-partnerships-a-prescription-for-better-health. Accessed June 7, 2018.

Brown, R. T., D. K. Kiely, M. Bharel, and S. L. Mitchell. 2012. Geriatric syndromes in older homeless adults. Journal of General Internal Medicine 27(1):16-22.

Suggested Citation:"References." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2018. Permanent Supportive Housing: Evaluating the Evidence for Improving Health Outcomes Among People Experiencing Chronic Homelessness. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/25133.
×

Brown, R. T., M. L. Thomas, D. F. Cutler, and M. Hinderlie. 2013. Meeting the housing and care needs of older homeless adults: A permanent supportive housing program targeting homeless elders. Seniors Housing & Care Journal 21(1):126-135.

Brown, R. T., K. Hemati, E. D. Riley, C. T. Lee, C. Ponath, L. Tieu, D. Guzman, and M. B. Kushel. 2017. Geriatric conditions in a population-based sample of older homeless adults. The Gerontologist 57(4):757-766.

Buchanan, D., R. Kee, L. S Sadowski, and D. Garcia. 2009. The health impact of supportive housing for HIV-positive homeless patients: A randomized controlled trial. American Journal of Public Health 99(Suppl 3):S675-S680.

Building Changes. 2011. Washington Families Fund High-Needs Family Program: Six Month Evaluation Findings. Available at http://buildingchanges.org/images/documents/library/2011%20WFF%20High-Needs%20Family%206-Mo%20Eval%20Findings.pdf. Accessed November 23, 2016.

Buitrago, K. 2016. Supporting a Health Home: An Analysis of Opportunities and Barriers to Medicaid for Permanent Supportive Housing Providers in Illinois. Chicago: Social IMPACT Research Center. Available at http://www.issuelab.org/resource/supporting_a_healthy_home_an_analysis_of_opportunities_and_barriers_to_medicaid_for_permanent_supportive_housing_providers_in_illinois. Accessed February 27, 2017.

Burt, M. R., J. Carpenter, S. G. Hall, K. A. Henderson, D. J. Rog, J. A. Hornik, A. V. Denton, and G. E. Moran. 2010. Strategies for Improving Homeless People’s Access to Mainstream Benefits and Services. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development Office of Policy Development and Research.

Burt, M., C. Wilkins, and G. Locke. 2014. Medicaid and Permanent Supportive Housing for Chronically Homeless Individuals: Emerging Practices from the Field. Prepared by Abt Associates for Office of the Assistant Secretary for Planning and Evaluation, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Washington, DC. Available at https://aspe.hhs.gov/system/files/pdf/77116/EmergPrac.pdf. Accessed February 23, 2017.

Byrne, T., J. Fargo, A. E. Montgomery, E. Munley, and D. P. Culhane. 2014. The relationship between community investment in permanent supportive housing and chronic homelessness. Social Service Review 88(2):234-263.

Caminal, J., B. Starfield, E. Sánchez, C. Casanova, and M. Morales. 2004. The role of primary care in preventing ambulatory care sensitive conditions. European Journal of Public Health 14:246-251.

Caton, C. L. M., C. Wilkins, and J. Andersen. 2007. People who experience long-term homelessness. Chapter 4 Toward Understanding Homelessness: The 2007 National Symposium on Homelessness Research, D. Dennis, G. Locke, and J. Khadduri, eds. Department of Health and Human Services and U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development. Available at https://aspe.hhs.gov/execsum/toward-understanding-homelessness-2007-national-symposium-homelessness-research. Accessed September 28, 2017.

Suggested Citation:"References." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2018. Permanent Supportive Housing: Evaluating the Evidence for Improving Health Outcomes Among People Experiencing Chronic Homelessness. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/25133.
×

CDC (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention). 2012a. Notes from the field: Tuberculosis cluster associated with homelessness—Duval County, Florida, 2004-2012. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report 61(28):539-540.

CDC. 2012b. Tuberculosis outbreak associated with homeless shelter—Kane County, Illinois, 2007-2011. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report 61(11):186-189.

CDC. 2016. Well-Being Concepts. Available at http://www.cdc.gov/hrqol/wellbeing.htm. Accessed December 5, 2016.

Chak, E., A. H. Talal, K. E. Sherman, E. R. Schiff, and S. Saab. 2011. Hepatitis C virus infection in USA: An estimate of true prevalence. Liver International 31(8):1090-1101.

Chambers, L. A., S. Greene, J. Watson, S. B. Rourke, R. Tucker, J. Koornstra, M. Sobota, S. Hwang, K. Hambly, and D. O’Brien-Teengs. 2014. Not just “a roof over your head”: The meaning of healthy housing for people living with HIV. Housing, Theory and Society 31(3):310-333.

Chau, S., M. Chin, J. Chang, A. Luecha, E. Cheng, J. Schlesinger, V. Rao, D. Huang, A. E. Maxwell, R. Usatine, R. Bastani, and L. Gelberg. 2002. Cancer risk behaviors and screening rates among homeless adults in Los Angeles County. Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention 11(5):431-438.

Cheng, A. L., H. Q. Lin, W. Kasprow, and R. A. Rosenheck. 2007. Impact of supported housing on clinical outcomes: Analysis of a randomized trial using multiple imputation technique. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease 195(1):83-88.

Cheung A., J. M. Somers, A. Moniruzzaman, M. Patterson, C. J. Frankish, M. Krausz, and A. Palepu. 2015. Emergency department use and hospitalizations among homeless adults with substance dependence and mental disorders. Addiction Science & Clinical Practice 10(17).

Chung, T. E., A. Gozdzik, L. I. Palma Lazgare, M. J. To, T. Aubry, J. Frankish, S. W. Hwang, and V. Stergiopoulos. 2018. Housing First for older homeless adults with mental illness: A subgroup analysis of the At Home/Chez Soi randomized controlled trial. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry 33:85-95.

Clifasefi, S. L., S. E. Collins, N. I. Torres, V. S. Grazioli, and J. L. Mackelprang. 2016. Housing First, but what comes second? A qualitative study of resident, staff, and management perspectives on single-site Housing First program enhancement. Journal of Community Psychology 44(7):845-855.

CMS (Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services). 2015. Coverage of Housing-Related Activities and Services for Individuals with Disabilities. CMCS Informational Bulletin. Available at https://www.medicaid.gov/federal-policy-guidance/downloads/CIB-06-26-2015.pdf. Accessed April 27, 2017.

CMS. 2018. 2019 Medicare Advantage and Part D Rate Announcement and Call Letter. Available at https://www.cms.gov/Newsroom/MediaReleaseDatabase/Fact-sheets/2018-Fact-sheets-items/2018-04-02-2.html. Accessed April 28, 2018.

Suggested Citation:"References." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2018. Permanent Supportive Housing: Evaluating the Evidence for Improving Health Outcomes Among People Experiencing Chronic Homelessness. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/25133.
×

Coates, J., and S. McKenzie-Mohr. 2010. Out of the frying pan, into the fire: Trauma in the lives of homeless youth prior to and during homelessness. Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare 37:65-96.

Cohen, D., T. Huynh, A. Sebold, J. Harvey, C. Neudorf, and A. Brown. 2014. The population health approach: A qualitative study of conceptual and operational definitions for leaders in Canadian healthcare. SAGE Open Medicine 2; doi: 10.1177/2050312114522618.

Collins, S. E., D. K. Malone, and S. L. Clifasefi. 2013. Housing retention in single-site Housing First for chronically homeless individuals with severe alcohol problems. American Journal of Public Health 103(2):S269-S274.

Community Strategies Institute. 2016. Boulder County Permanent Supportive Housing Study. Prepared for the Boulder County Consortium of Cities. Available at http://www.bouldercounty.org/doc/bocc/consortiumpshfinalreportjune%202016.pdf. Accessed February 23, 2017.

CORE (Center for Outcomes Research and Education). 2013. Integrating Housing & Health: A Health-Focused Evaluation of the Apartments at Bud Clark. Portland, OR: Providence Health & Services.

Crawford, D. M., E. C. Trotter, K. J. Sittner Hartshorn, and L. B. Whitbeck. 2011. Pregnancy and mental health of young homeless women. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry 81(2):173-183.

CSDH (Commission on Social Determinants of Health). 2008. Closing the Gap in a Generation: Health Equity Through Action on the Social Determinants of Health. Final Report. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization.

CSH (Corporation for Supportive Housing). 2011. Ending Homelessness Among Older Adults and Elders Through Permanent Supportive Housing. Revised Policy Paper prepared for the National Leadership Initiative to End Elder Homelessness, December 2011. Available at http://www.csh.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/01/Report_EndingHomelessnessAmongOlderAdultsandSeniorsThroughSupportiveHousing_112.pdf. Accessed December 16, 2016.

CSH. 2014a. Housing is the Best Medicine: Supportive Housing and the Social Determinants of Health. Available at http://www.csh.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/SocialDeterminantsofHealth_2014.pdf. Accessed May 23, 2017.

CSH. 2014b. New York State and CMS Finalize $8B Medicaid Waiver. Available at http://www.csh.org/2014/04/new-york-state-cms-finalize-8b-medicaid-waiver. Accessed February 27, 2017.

CSH. 2015. 10th Decile Project, Los Angeles, CA. Available at http://www.csh.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/Frequent-User-Initiative-Profile-Booklet-10th-Decile-Project-Final.pdf. Accessed April 4, 2018.

CSH. 2016a. Guide to Service Funding in Supportive Housing. Available at http://www.csh.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/Guide-to-Service-Fundingin-Supportive-Housing_11.2016-CSH-FINAL.pdf. Accessed February 23, 2017.

Suggested Citation:"References." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2018. Permanent Supportive Housing: Evaluating the Evidence for Improving Health Outcomes Among People Experiencing Chronic Homelessness. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/25133.
×

CSH. 2016b. Older Adults and the Elderly. Available at http://www.csh.org/csh-solutions/serving-vulnerable%20populations/older-adults. Accessed December 1, 2016.

Culhane, D. P. 2016. The potential of linked administrative data for advancing homelessness research and policy. European Journal of Homelessness 10(3):109-126. Available at http://works.bepress.com/dennis_culhane/209. Accessed May 8, 2018.

Culhane, D. P., S. Metraux, and T. Hadley. 2002. Public service reductions associated with placement of homeless persons with severe mental illness in supportive housing. Housing Policy Debate 13(1):107-163.

Culhane, J. F., D. Webb, S. Grim, S. Metraux, and D. Culhane. 2003. Prevalence of child welfare services involvement among homeless and low-income mothers: A five-year birth cohort study. Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare 30(3):79-95.

Culhane, D. P., J. M. Park, and S. Metraux. 2011. The patterns and costs of services use among homeless families. Journal of Community Psychology 39(7):815-825.

Culhane, D. P., S. Metraux, T. Byrne, M. Stino, and J. Bainbridge. 2013. The age structure of contemporary homelessness: Evidence and implications for public policy. Analyses of Social Issues and Public Policy 13:228-244.

Cunningham, M. K., M. Pergait, M. McDaniel, M. E. Gearing, S. Zhang, and B. Howell. 2014. Supportive Housing for High-Need Families in the Child Welfare System. The Urban Institute. Available at http://www.urban.org/research/publication/supportive-housing-high-need-families-child-welfare-system/view/full_report. Accessed June 5, 2017.

Cutuli, J. J., A. E. Montgomery, M. Evans-Chase, and D. P. Culhane. 2015. Childhood adversity, adult homelessness and the intergenerational transmission of risk: A population-representative study of individuals in households with children. Child & Family Social Work 22(1):116-125.

Davidson, C., C. Neighbors, G. Hall, A. Hogue, R. Cho, B. Kutner, and J. Morgenstern. 2014. Association of Housing First implementation and key outcomes among homeless persons with problematic substance use. Psychiatric Services 65(11):1318-1324.

Desmond, M. 2015. Unaffordable America: Poverty, housing, and eviction. Fast Focus 22. Available at https://www.irp.wisc.edu/publications/fastfocus/pdfs/FF22-2015.pdf. Accessed March 30, 2018.

Desmond, M. 2016. Evicted: Poverty and Profit in the American City. New York: Crown.

Diaz, E., L. Anez, M. Silva, M. Paris, and L. Davidson. 2017. Using the cultural formulation interview to build culturally sensitive services. Psychiatric Services 68(2):112-114.

Dickerson, F. B., A. E. Origoni, A. Pater, B. K. Friedman, and W. M. Kordonski. 2003. An expanded version of the Multnomah Community Ability Scale: Anchors and interview probes for the assessment of adults with serious mental illness. Community Mental Health Journal 39(2):131-137.

Suggested Citation:"References." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2018. Permanent Supportive Housing: Evaluating the Evidence for Improving Health Outcomes Among People Experiencing Chronic Homelessness. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/25133.
×

Dickey, B., O. Gonzalez, E. Latimer, K. Powers, R. Schutt, and S. Goldfinger. 1996. Use of mental health services by formerly homeless adults residing in group and independent housing. Psychiatric Services 47(2):152-158.

Diener, E., ed. 2009. Assessing well-being: The collected works of Ed Diener. New York: Springer.

Diener, E., and M. E. Seligman. 2004. Beyond money. Toward an economy of well-being. Psychological Science in the Public Interest 5(1):1-31.

Dirmyer, V. F. 2015. The frequent fliers of New Mexico: Hospital readmissions among the homeless population. Social Work in Public Health 31(4):288-289.

Doe-Simkins, M., E. Quinn, Z. Xuan, A. Sorensen-Alawad, H. Hackman, A. Ozonoff, and A.Y. Walley. 2014. Overdose rescues by trained and untrained participants and change in opioid use among substance-using participants in overdose education and naloxone distribution programs: A retrospective cohort study. BMC Public Health 14:297.

Doherty, M. 2017. Setting the Course for the Work Ahead: Findings and Implications from Recent Reports and Data. Washington, DC: U.S. Interagency Council on Homelessness. Available at https://www.usich.gov/resources/uploads/asset_library/Data_Findings_Implications_012017.pdf. Accessed February 27, 2017.

DOJ (U.S. Department of Justice, Office of Public Affairs). 2015. Justice Department Files Brief to Address the Criminalization of Homelessness. Available at https://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/justice-department-files-brief-address-criminalization-homelessness. Accessed February 27, 2017.

Doran, K. M., A. A. Vashi, S. Platis, L. A. Curry, M. Rowe, M. Gang, and F. E. Vaca. 2013. Navigating the boundaries of emergency department care: Addressing the medical and social needs of patients who are homeless. American Journal of Public Health 103(S2):S355-S360.

Drabble, L., K. Lemon, A. D’Andrade, B. Donoviel, and J. Le. 2013. Child welfare partnership for research and training: A Title IV-E university/community collaborative research model. Journal of Public Child Welfare 7:411-429.

Durkheim, E. 1997. Division of Labor in Society. New York: Free Press.

Durso, L.E., and G. L. Gates. 2012. Serving Our Youth: Findings from a National Survey of Service Providers Working with Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Youth Who Are Homeless or at Risk of Becoming Homeless. Los Angeles: The Williams Institute.

Dworsky, A., K.-N. Dillman, M. R. Dion, B. Coffee-Borden, and M. Rosenau. 2012. Housing for Youth Aging Out of Foster Care: A Review of the Literature and Program Typology. Prepared for the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, Office of Policy Development and Research. Washington, DC: Mathematica Policy Research.

Dworsky, A., L. Napolitano, and M. Courtney. 2013. Homelessness during the transition from foster care to adulthood. American Journal of Public Health 103(Suppl 2):S318-S323.

Suggested Citation:"References." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2018. Permanent Supportive Housing: Evaluating the Evidence for Improving Health Outcomes Among People Experiencing Chronic Homelessness. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/25133.
×

Edens, E. L., A. S. Mares, J. Tsai, and R. A. Rosenheck. 2011. Does active substance use at housing entry impair outcomes in supported housing for chronically homeless persons? Psychiatric Services 62(2):171-178.

Edidin, J. P., Z. Ganim, S. J. Hunter, and N. S. Karnik. 2012. The mental and physical health of homeless youth: A literature review. Child Psychiatry and Human Development 43(3):354-375.

Endres, C., and M. Cidade. 2015. Federal Data Summary: School Years 2011-12 to 2013-14. Education for Homeless Children and Youth. Greensboro, NC: National Center for Homeless Education. Available at https://www2.ed.gov/programs/homeless/data-comp-sy13-14.pdf. Accessed June 5, 2017.

Epstein, D., and J. A. Klerman. 2016. On the “when” of social experiments: The tension between program refinement and abandonment. New Directions for Evaluation 152:33-45.

Farrell, A., P. A. Britner, M. Guzzardo, and S. Goodrich. 2010. Supportive housing for families in child welfare: Client characteristics and their outcomes at discharge. Children and Youth Services Review 32:145-154.

Farrugia, D., and J. Gerrard. 2015. Academic knowledge and contemporary poverty: The politics of homelessness research. Sociology 50(2):267-284.

Fazel, S., V. Khosla, H. Doll, and J. Geddes. 2008. The prevalence of mental disorders among the homeless in western countries: Systematic review and meta-regression analysis. PLoS Medicine 5(12):1670-1681.

Fazel, S., J. R. Geddes, and M. Kushel. 2014. The health of homeless people in high-income countries: Descriptive epidemiology, health consequences, and clinical and policy recommendations. The Lancet 384(9953):1529-1540.

FEANTSA (European Federation of National Organisations Working with the Homeless). 2018. ETHOS Typology on Homelessness and Housing Exclusion. Available at http://www.feantsa.org/en/toolkit/2005/04/01/ethos-typology-on-homelessness-and-housing-exclusion. Accessed May 14, 2018.

Ferguson, K. M. 2009. Exploring family environment and multiple abuse experiences among homeless youth. Journal of Interpersonal Violence 24:1875-1891.

Ferguson, K. M., and E. M. Maccio. 2016. Promising programs for lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer/questioning runaway and homeless youth. Journal of Social Service Research 41(5):659-683.

Fingar, K. R., M. L. Barrett, A. Elixhauser, C. Stocks, and C. A. Steiner. 2015. Trends in Potentially Preventable Inpatient Hospital Admissions and Emergency Department Visits. Statistical Brief 195. Rockville, MD: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. Available at https://www.hcup-us.ahrq.gov/reports/statbriefs/sb195-Potentially-Preventable-Hospitalizations.jsp.

Fitzpatrick-Lewis, D., R. Ganann, S. Krishnaratne, D. Ciliska, F. Kouyoumdjian, and S. W. Hwang. 2011. Effectiveness of interventions to improve the health and housing status of homeless people: A rapid systematic review. BMC Public Health 11:638.

Suggested Citation:"References." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2018. Permanent Supportive Housing: Evaluating the Evidence for Improving Health Outcomes Among People Experiencing Chronic Homelessness. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/25133.
×

Fowler, P. J., and D. Chavira. 2014. Family Unification Program: Housing services for homeless child welfare-involved families. Housing Policy Debate 24(4):802-814.

Fukuzawa, D. D., and F. Karnas. 2015. Reconnecting health and housing: Philanthropy’s new opportunity. Environmental Justice 8(3):86-94.

Gabrielian, S., A. H. Yuan, R. M. Andersen, and L. Gelberg. 2016. Diagnoses treated in ambulatory care among homeless-experienced veterans: Does supported housing matter? Journal of Primary Care and Community Health 7(4):281-287.

GAO (U.S. General Accounting Office). 1997. Housing for Persons with AIDS. Report to the Subcommittee on VA, HUD and Independent Agencies. Committee on Appropriations, House of Representatives. GAO/RCED-97-62. Washington, DC: GAO.

GAO. 2002. Federal Housing Assistance: Comparing the Characteristics and Costs of Housing Programs. Available at http://www.gao.gov/assets/240/233652.pdf. Accessed April 27, 2017.

Garibaldi, B., A. Conde-Martel, and T. P. O’Toole. 2005. Self-reported comorbidities, perceived needs, and sources for usual care for older and younger homeless adults. Journal of General Internal Medicine 20(8):726-730.

Gee, A. 2016. More than one-third of schoolchildren are homeless in shadow of Silicon Valley. The Guardian. December 28. Available at https://www.theguardian.com/society/2016/dec/28/silicon-valley-homeless-east-palo-alto-california-schools. Accessed February 27, 2017.

Gewirtz, A. H. 2007. Promoting children’s mental health in family supportive housing: A community-university partnership for formerly homeless children and families. Journal of Primary Prevention 28:359-374.

Gewirtz, A., E. Hart-Shegos, and A. Medhanie. 2008. Psychosocial status of homeless children and youth in family supportive housing. American Behavioral Scientist 51(6):810-823.

Gewirtz, A. H., D. S. DeGarmo, S. Lee, N. Morrell, and G. August. 2015. Two-year outcomes of the Early Risers prevention trial with formerly homeless families residing in supportive housing. Journal of Family Psychology 29(2):242-252.

Gibbons, D. C., A. B. Bindman, M. A. Soljak, C. Millett, and A. Majeed. 2012. Defining primary care sensitive conditions: A necessity for effective primary care delivery? Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine 105(10):422-428.

Gilmer, T. P. 2016. Permanent supportive housing for transition-age youths: Service costs and fidelity to the Housing First model. Psychiatric Services 67(6):615-621.

Gilmer, T. P., W. G. Manning, and S. L. Ettner. 2009. A cost analysis of San Diego County’s REACH program for homeless persons. Psychiatric Services 60(4):445-450.

Suggested Citation:"References." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2018. Permanent Supportive Housing: Evaluating the Evidence for Improving Health Outcomes Among People Experiencing Chronic Homelessness. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/25133.
×

Gilmer, T. P., A. Stefancic, B. F. Henwood, and S. L. Ettner. 2014. Fidelity to the Housing First model and variation in health service use within permanent supportive housing. Psychiatric Services 66(12):1283-1289.

Goering, P., S. Veldhuizen, G. B. Nelson, A. Stefancic, S. Tsemberis, C. E. Adair, J. Distasio, T. Aubry, V. Stergiopoulos, and D. L. Steiner. 2016. Further validation of the Pathways Housing First fidelity scale. Psychiatric Services 67:111-114.

Goldfinger, S. M., R. K. Schutt, G. S. Tolomiczenko, L. Seidman, W. E. Penk, W. Turner, and B. Caplan. 1999. Housing placement and subsequent days homeless among formerly homeless adults with mental illness. Psychiatric Services 50(5):674-679.

Gordon, D. B., J. L. Dahl, C. Miaskowski, B. McCarberg, K. H. Todd, J. A. Paice, A. G. Lipman, M. Bookbinder, S. H. Sanders, D. C. Turk, and D. B. Carr. 2005. American Pain Society recommendations for improving the quality of acute and cancer pain management: American Pain Society Quality of Care Task Force. Archives of Internal Medicine 165(14):1574-1580.

Gozdzik, A., R. Salehi, P. O’Campo, V. Stergiopoulos, and S. W. Hwang. 2015. Cardiovascular risk factors and 30-year cardiovascular risk in homeless adults with mental illness. BMC Public Health 15(1):165.

Greenberg, B., S. Korb, K. Cronon, and R. Anderson. 2013 Supportive housing best practices in a mid-sized US urban community. Housing, Care and Support 16(1):6-15.

Gubits, D., M. Shinn, S. Bell, M. Wood, S. Dastrup, C. D. Solari, S. R. Brown, S. Brown, L. Dunton, W. Lin, D. McInnis, J. Rodriguez, G. Savidge, and B. E. Spellman. 2015. Family Options Study: Short-Term Impacts of Housing and Services Interventions for Homeless Families. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development. Available at http://www.huduser.org/portal//portal/sites/default/files/pdf/FamilyOptionsStudy_final.pdf. Accessed December 6, 2016.

Gubits, D., M. Shinn, M. Wood, S. Bell, S. Dastrup, C. D. Solari, S. R. Brown, D. McInnis, T. McCall, and U. Kattel. 2016. Family Options Study: 3-Year Impacts of Housing and Services Interventions for Homeless Families. Prepared by Abt Associates for Office of Policy Development and Research, U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development. Available at https://www.huduser.gov/portal/sites/default/files/pdf/Family-Options-Study-Full-Report.pdf. Accessed February 27, 2017.

Gulcur, L., A. Stefancic, M. Shinn, S. Tsemberis, and S. N. Fischer. 2003. Housing, hospitalization, and cost outcomes for homeless individuals with psychiatric disabilities participating in Continuum of Care and Housing First programs. Journal of Community & Applied Social Psychology 13(2):171-186.

Gulcur, L., S. Tsemberis, A. Stefancic, and R. M. Greenwood. 2007. Community integration of adults with psychiatric disabilities and histories of homelessness. Community Mental Health Journal 43(3):211-228.

Suggested Citation:"References." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2018. Permanent Supportive Housing: Evaluating the Evidence for Improving Health Outcomes Among People Experiencing Chronic Homelessness. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/25133.
×

Hahn, J. A., M. B. Kushel, D. R. Bangsberg, E. Riley, and A. R. Moss. 2006. The aging of the homeless population: Fourteen-year trends in San Francisco. Journal of General Internal Medicine 21(7):775-778.

Hannigan, T., and S. Wagner. 2003. Developing the “Support” in Supportive Housing: A Guide to Providing Services in Housing. New York: Center for Urban Community Services and Corporation for Supportive Housing. Available at http://www.csh.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/12/Tool_DevelopingSupport_Guide.pdf. Accessed January 11, 2017.

Harburger, D. S., and R. A. White. 2004. Reunifying families, cutting costs: Housing-child welfare partnerships for permanent supportive housing. Child Welfare 83(5):493-508.

Harris, T. 2016. Neutralizing homelessness: Federal policy and the depoliticization of poverty. Urban Geography 38(3):341-347.

Henwood, B. F., L. C. Weinstein, and S. Tsemberis. 2011. Creating a Medical Home for Homeless Persons With Serious Mental Illness. Psychiatric Services 62(5):561-562.

Henwood, B. F., L. J. Cabassa, M. C. Catherine, and D. K. Padgett. 2013. Permanent supportive housing: Addressing homelessness and health disparities? American Journal of Public Health 103(Suppl 2):S188-S192.

Henwood, B. F., T. Byrne, and B. Scriber. 2015a. Examining mortality among formerly homeless adults enrolled in Housing First: An observational study. BMC Public Health 15:1209.

Henwood, B. F., H. Dichter, R. Tynan, C. Simiriglia, K. Boermer, and A. Fussaro. 2015b. Service use before and after the provision of scatter-site Housing First for individuals experiencing chronic homelessness with severe alcohol use disorders. International Journal of Drug Policy 26(9):883-886.

Henwood, B. F., M. L. Katz, and T. P. Gilmer. 2015c. Aging in place within permanent supportive housing. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry 30(1):80-87.

Henwood, B. F., H. Rhoades, H.-T. Hsu, J. Couture, E. Rice, and S. L. Wenzel. 2017. Changes in social networks and HIV risk behaviors among homeless adults transitioning into permanent supportive housing: A mixed methods study. Journal of Mixed Methods Research 11(1):124-137.

HHS (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services). 2014. A Primer on Using Medicaid for People Experiencing Chronic Homelessness and Tenants in Permanent Supportive Housing. 6.1. Medical Necessity Criteria: Implications for People Living in Permanent Supportive Housing. Available at https://aspe.hhs.gov/reports/6-medical-necessity-criteria-who-can-receive-specific-services/61-medical-necessity-criter-0. Accessed September 28, 2017.

HHS. 2017. Healthy People 2020. Available at https://www.healthypeople.gov. Accessed June 7, 2017.

HHS. 2018a. Healthy People 2020: Social Determinants of Health. Available at https://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/topics-objectives/topic/social-determinants-of-health#five. Accessed June 8, 2018.

Suggested Citation:"References." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2018. Permanent Supportive Housing: Evaluating the Evidence for Improving Health Outcomes Among People Experiencing Chronic Homelessness. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/25133.
×

HHS. 2018b. Healthy People 2020: Housing Instability. Available at https://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/topics-objectives/topic/social-determinants-health/interventions-resources/housing-instability. Accessed June 8, 2018.

Hoeft, T. J., L. Hinton, J. Liu, and J. Unutzer. 2016. Directions for effectiveness research to improve health services for late-life depression in the United States. American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry 24(1):18-30.

Hogan, J. 1996. Scattered-Site Housing: Characteristics and Consequences. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development.

Hopper, K., and S. M. Barrow. 2003. Two genealogies of supported housing and their implications for outcome assessment. Psychiatric Services 54(1):50-54.

HRSA (Health Resources and Services Administration). 2016. 2016 Annual Ryan White HIV/AIDS Program Services Report (RSR) Instruction Manual. Rockville, MD: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.

HUD (U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development). 2008. The Third Annual Assessment of Homelessness Report to Congress. Washington, DC: HUD Office of Community Planning and Development.

HUD. 2012a. Homeless emergency assistance and rapid transition to housing: Continuum of Care Program. Federal Register 77(147):45423, 45425.

HUD. 2012b. The 2012 Annual Homeless Assessment Report. Available at https://www.hudexchange.info/resources/documents/2012AHAR_PITestimates.pdf. Accessed on August 16, 2017.

HUD. 2013a. SNAPS-Shots: Assigning Essential Services to the Appropriate Program Component. July 2. Available at https://www.hudexchange.info/news/snaps-shots-assigning-essential-services-to-the-appropriate-program-component. Accessed August 16, 2017.

HUD. 2013b. Statement on the Role of Housing in Accomplishing the Goals of Olmstead. Washington, DC. Available at https://portal.hud.gov/hudportal/documents/huddoc?id=OlmsteadGuidnc060413.pdf. Accessed February 27, 2017.

HUD. 2014. Rapid Re-Housing Brief. Available at https://www.hudexchange.info/resource/3891/rapid-re-housing-brief. Accessed August 15, 2017.

HUD. 2015a. Assessment Tools for Allocating Homelessness Assistance: State of the Evidence: PD&R Expert Convenings Summary Report. Available at https://www.huduser.gov/publications/pdf/assessment_tools_Convening_Report2015.pdf. Accessed April 27, 2017.

HUD. 2015b. CMS Releases New Informational Bulletin on Coverage of Housing-Related Activities and Services for Individuals with Disabilities. Available at https://www.hudexchange.info/news/cms-releases-new-informational-bulletin-on-coverage-of-housing-related-activities-and-services-for-individuals-with-disabilities/ Accessed April 27, 2017.

HUD. 2015c. Homeless Emergency Assistance and Rapid Transition to Housing (HEARTH): Defining “Chronically Homeless” Final Rule. Available at https://www.hudexchange.info/resource/4847/hearth-defining-chronically-homeless-final-rule. Accessed September 29, 2017.

Suggested Citation:"References." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2018. Permanent Supportive Housing: Evaluating the Evidence for Improving Health Outcomes Among People Experiencing Chronic Homelessness. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/25133.
×

HUD. 2015d. The 2015 Annual Homeless Assessment Report to Congress. Available at https://www.hudexchange.info/resources/documents/2015-AHAR-Part-1.pdf. Accessed August 16, 2017.

HUD. 2016a. Notice on Prioritizing Persons Experiencing Chronic Homelessness and Other Vulnerable Homeless Persons in Permanent Supportive Housing. Available at https://www.hudexchange.info/resources/documents/notice-cpd-16-11-prioritizing-persons-experiencing-chronic-homelessness-and-other-vulnerable-homeless-persons-in-psh.pdf. Accessed April 24, 2018.

HUD. 2016b. The 2015 Annual Homeless Assessment Report (AHAR) to Congress, Part 2. October 2016. Available at https://www.hudexchange.info/onecpd/assets/File/2015-AHAR-Part-2.pdf. Accessed January 5, 2017.

HUD. 2016c. The 2016 Annual Homeless Assessment Report (AHAR) to Congress. Part 1: Point-in-Time Estimates of Homelessness. Available at https://www.hudexchange.info/resources/documents/2016-AHAR-Part-1.pdf. Accessed May 8, 2018.

HUD. 2016d. The Office of HIV/AIDS Housing at the United States Conference on AIDS. September 14. Available at https://www.hudexchange.info/news/office-of-hiv-aids-housing-at-the-united-states-conference-on-aids. Accessed August 16, 2017.

HUD. 2017a. The 2016 Annual Homelessness Assessment Report (AHAR) to Congress. Part 2: Estimates of homelessness in the United States. Available at https://www.hudexchange.info/resources/documents/2016-AHAR-Part-2.pdf. Accessed April 6, 2018.

HUD. 2017b. The 2017 Annual Homeless Assessment Report (AHAR) to Congress. Part 1: Point-in-Time Estimates of Homelessness. Available at https://www.hudexchange.info/resources/documents/2017-AHAR-Part-1.pdf. Accessed April 6, 2018.

HUD. 2018. Continuum of Care (CoC) Program Eligibility Requirements. Available at https://www.hudexchange.info/programs/coc/coc-program-eligibility-requirements. Accessed May 8, 2018.

HUD and DOJ (U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development and U.S. Department of Justice). 2016. Joint Statement of the Department of Housing and Urban Development and the Department of Justice: State and Local Land Use Laws and Practices and the Application of the Fair Housing Act. Available at https://www.justice.gov/crt/page/file/909956/download. Accessed February 27, 2017.

Hunter, S. B., M. Harvey, B. Briscombe, and M. Cefalu. 2017. Evaluation of Housing for Health Permanent Supportive Housing Program. Santa Monica, CA: RAND Corporation. Available at https://www.rand.org/pubs/research_reports/RR1694.html.

Hwang, S. W., E. J. Orav, J. J. O’Connell, J. M. Lebow, and T. A. Brennan. 1997. Causes of death in homeless adults in Boston. Annals of Internal Medicine 126(8):625-628.

Suggested Citation:"References." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2018. Permanent Supportive Housing: Evaluating the Evidence for Improving Health Outcomes Among People Experiencing Chronic Homelessness. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/25133.
×

Hwang, S. W., and A. L. Bugeja. 2000. Barriers to appropriate diabetes management among homeless people in Toronto. Canadian Medical Association Journal 163(2):161-165.

Hwang, S. W., R. E. Martin, G. S. Tolomiczenko, and J. D. Hulchanski. 2003. The relationship between housing conditions and health status of rooming house residents in Toronto. Canadian Journal of Public Health 94(6):436-440.

Iglesias, T. 2002. Managing local opposition to affordable housing: A new approach to NIMBY. Journal of Affordable Housing and Community Development 12(1):78-121.

IOM (Institute of Medicine). 1988. Homelessness, Health, and Human Needs. Washington, DC: National Academies Press.

IOM. 2001. Crossing The Quality Chasm: A New Health System for the 21st Century. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.

IOM. 2012. Essential Health Benefits: Balancing Coverage and Cost. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.

IRS (Internal Revenue Service). 2015. Chapter 1: Introduction. Pp. 10-16 in Internal Revenue Code § 42, Low-Income Housing Credit. Available at https://www.irs.gov/pub/irs-utl/IRC_42.pdf. Accessed April 17, 2017.

IRS. 2016. Part I, Section 42—Low-Income Housing Credit. 26 CFR 1.42–14: Allocation Rules for Post-2000 State Housing Credit Ceiling Amount. Revenue Ruling 2016-29. Available at https://www.irs.gov/pub/irs-drop/rr-16-29.pdf. Accessed April 17, 2017.

Johnson, G., and C. Chamberlain. 2008. Homelessness and substance abuse: Which comes first? Australian Social Work 61(4):342-356.

Jones, C. A., A. Perera, M. Chow, I. Ho, J. Nguyen, and S. Davachi. 2009. Cardiovascular disease risk among the poor and homeless—what we know so far. Current Cardiology Reviews 5(1):69-77.

Jones, M. M. 2015. Creating a science of homelessness during the Reagan era. Milbank Quarterly 93(1):139-178.

Kaminiski, J. L. 2007. Defining Medical Necessity. Connecticut General Assembly, Office of Legislative Research. Available at https://www.cga.ct.gov/2007/rpt/2007-r-0055.htm. Accessed May 11, 2017.

Kelly, J. T. 1985. Trauma: With the example of San Francisco's shelter programs. Pp. 77-91 in Health Care of Homeless People, P. W. Brickher, L. K. Scharer, B. Conanan, A. Elvy, and M. Savarese, eds. New York: Springer-Verlag.

Kertesz, S. G., K. Crouch, J. B. Milby, R. E. Cusimano, and J. E. Schumacher. 2009. Housing First for homeless persons with active addiction: Are we overreaching? Milbank Quarterly 87(2):495-534.

Kertesz, S. G., T. P. Baggett, J. J. O’Connell, D. S. Buck, and M. B. Kushel. 2016. Permanent supportive housing for homeless people—reframing the debate. New England Journal of Medicine 375:2115-2117.

Keyes, K. M., and S. Galea. 2016. Population Health Science. New York: Oxford University Press.

Suggested Citation:"References." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2018. Permanent Supportive Housing: Evaluating the Evidence for Improving Health Outcomes Among People Experiencing Chronic Homelessness. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/25133.
×

Kisely, S. R., J. K. Parker, L. A. Campbell, J. Karabanow, J. M. Hughes, and J. Gahagan. 2008. Health impacts of supportive housing for homeless youth: A pilot study. Public Health 122(1):1089-1092.

Klarman, H. E., J. Francis, and G. D. Rosenthal. 1968. Cost effectiveness analysis applied to the treatment of chronic renal disease. Medical Care 6:48-54.

Kochanek, K. D., S. L Murphy, J. Xu, and B. Tejada-Vera. 2016. Deaths: Final data for 2014. National Vital Statistics Reports 65(4): Available at https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr65/nvsr65_04.pdf. Accessed June 22, 2018.

Kogan, A. C., K. Wilber, and L. Mosqueda. 2016. Moving toward implementation of person‐centered care for older adults in community‐based medical and social service settings: “You only get things done when working in concert with clients.” Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 64(1):e8-e14.

Kozloff, N., C. E. Adair, L. I. Palma Lazgare, D. Poremski, A. H. Cheung, R. Sandu, and V. Stergiopoulos. 2016. “Housing First” for homeless youth with mental illness. Pediatrics 138(4):1-10.

Krieger, J., and D. L. Higgins. 2002. Housing and health: Time again for public health action. American Journal of Public Health 92(5):758-768.

Ku, B. S., K. C. Scott, S. G. Kertesz, and S. R. Pitts. 2010. Factors associated with use of emergency departments by the U.S. homeless population. Public Health Reports 125(3):398-405

Kushel, M. B., S. Perry, D. Bangsberg, R. Clark, and A. R. Moss. 2002. Emergency department use among the homeless and marginally housed: Results from a community-based study. American Journal of Public Health 92(5):778-784.

Larimer, M. E., D. K. Malone, M. D. Garner, D. C. Atkins, B. Burlingham, H. S. Lonczak, K. Tanzer, J. Ginzler, S. L. Clifasefi, W. G. Hobson, and G. A. Marlatt. 2009. Health care and public service use and costs before and after provision of housing for chronically homeless persons with severe alcohol problems. Journal of the American Medical Association 301(13):1349-1357.

Lee, C. M., C. Mangurian, L. Tieu, C. Ponath, D. Guzman, and M. Kushel. 2017. Childhood adversities associated with poor adult mental health outcomes in older homeless adults: Results from the HOPE HOME Study. American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry 25(2):107-117.

Lee, C. T., D. Guzman, C. Ponath, L. Tieu, E. Riley, and M. Kushel. 2016. Residential patterns in older homeless adults: Results of a cluster analysis. Social Science & Medicine 153:131-140.

Lee, T. C., J. G. Hanlon, J. Ben-David, G. L. Booth, W. J. Cantor, P. W. Connelly, and S. W. Hwang. 2005. Risk factors for cardiovascular disease in homeless adults. Circulation 111(20):2629-2635.

Leger, D., F. Beck, and J. B. Richard. 2016. Sleep loss in the homeless—an additional factor of precariousness: Survey in a group of homeless people. JAMA Internal Medicine 177(2):278-279.

Lehman, A. F. 1983. The well-being of chronic mental patients: Assessing quality of life. Archives of General Psychiatry 40:369-373.

Suggested Citation:"References." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2018. Permanent Supportive Housing: Evaluating the Evidence for Improving Health Outcomes Among People Experiencing Chronic Homelessness. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/25133.
×

Levitt, R. 2015. Assessment Tools for Allocating Homelessness Assistance: State of the Evidence. Available at https://ssrn.com/abstract=2563149 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2563149. Accessed December 6, 2016.

Lin, W.-C., M. Bharel, J. Zhang, E. O’Connell, and R. E. Clark. 2015. Frequent emergency department visits and hospitalization among homeless people with Medicaid: Implications for medicaid expansion. American Journal of Public Health 105(Suppl 5):S716-S722.

Lipton, F. R., C. Siegel, A. Hannigan, J. Samuels, and S. Baker. 2000. Tenure in supportive housing for homeless persons with severe mental illness. Psychiatric Services 51(4):479-486.

Locke, G., J. Khadduri, A. O’Hara, and D. Dennis. 2007. Toward Understanding Homelessness: The 2007 National Symposium on Homelessness Research. Housing Models. Available at http://aspe.hhs.gov/hsp/homelessness/symposium07/locke/index.htm. Accessed August 16, 2017.

Ly, A., and E. Latimer. 2015. Housing First impact on costs and associated cost offsets: A review of the literature. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry 60(11): 475-487.

Mackelprang, J. L., S. E Collins, and S. L. Clifasefi. 2014. Housing First is associated with reduced use of emergency medical services. Prehospital Emergency Care 18(4):476-482.

Mallett, S., D. Rosenthal, and D. Keys. 2005. Young people, drug use, and family conflict: Pathways into homelessness. Journal of Adolescence 28(2):185-199.

Mares, A. S., and R. A. Rosenheck. 2010. Twelve-month client outcomes and service use in a multisite project for chronically homelessness adults. Journal of Behavioral Health Services and Research 37(2):167-183.

Martens, W. H. 2001. A review of physical and mental health in homeless persons. Public Health Reviews 29:13-33.

Martin, E. J. 2015. Affordable housing, homelessness, and mental health: What heath care policy needs to address. Journal of Health and Human Services Administration 38(1):67-89.

Martinez, T. E., and M. R. Burt. 2006. Impact of permanent supportive housing on the use of acute care health services by homeless adults. Psychiatric Services 57(7):992-999.

Massachusetts Housing and Shelter Alliance. 2015. Permanent Supportive Housing: A Solution-Driven Model: January 2015 Home & Healthy for Good Progress Report. Available at https://www.mhsa.net/sites/default/files/January%202015%20HHG%20Report.pdf. Accessed May 2, 2018.

Mazzara, A., B. Sard, and D. Rice. 2016. Rental Assistance to Families with Children at Lowest Point in Decade. Center on Budget and Policy Priorities. Available at http://www.cbpp.org/sites/default/files/atoms/files/5-24-16hous.pdf. Accessed February 24, 2017.

McAdam, J. M., P. W. Brickner, L. L. Scharer, J. A. Crocco, and A. E. Duff. 1990. The spectrum of tuberculosis in a New York City men’s shelter clinic (1982-1988). Chest 97(4):798-805.

Suggested Citation:"References." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2018. Permanent Supportive Housing: Evaluating the Evidence for Improving Health Outcomes Among People Experiencing Chronic Homelessness. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/25133.
×

McHorney, C. A., J. E. Ware, J. F. R. Lu, and C. D. Sherbourne. 1994. The MOS 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36): III. Tests of data quality, scaling assumptions, and reliability across diverse patient groups. Medical Care 32(1):40-66.

McHugo, G. J., R. R. Bebout, M. Harris, S. Cleghorn, G. Herring, H. Xie, D. Becker, and R. E. Drake. 2004. A randomized controlled trial of integrated versus parallel housing services for homeless adults with severe mental illness. Schizophrenia Bulletin 30(4):969-982.

McLaughlin, T. C. 2011. Using common themes: Cost-effectiveness of permanent supported housing for people with mental illness. Research on Social Work Practice 21(4):404-411.

Merrill, R. M., R. Richards, and A. Sloan. 2011. Prenatal maternal stress and physical abuse among homeless women and infant health outcomes in the United States. Epidemiology Research International 467265. Available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/467265. Accessed April 24, 2018.

Miles, D. R., B. Samuels, and C. E. Pollack. 2017. Leveraging housing vouchers to address health disparities. American Journal of Public Health 107(2): 238-240.

Morrison, D. S. 2009. Homelessness as an independent risk factor for mortality: Results from a retrospective cohort study. International Journal of Epidemiology 38(3):877-883.

Moses, K., A. Hamblin, S. Somers, and D. P. Culhane. 2016. Supportive Housing for Chronically Homeless Medicaid Enrollees: State Strategies. Center for Health Care Strategies. Available at http://www.chcs.org/media/Housing-SGC-Brief-Final-022416.pdf. Accessed January 11, 2017.

NASEM (National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine). 2016. Accounting for Social Risk Factors in Medicare Payment: Identifying Social Risk Factors. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.

NASEM. 2017. Communities in Action: Pathways to Health Equity. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.

National Alliance to End Homelessness. 2012. LGBTQ Youth National Policy Statement, April 19. Available at http://www.endhomelessness.org/library/entry/lgbtq-youth-national-policy-statement. Accessed December 22, 2016.

National Low Income Housing Coalition. 2018. Study Finds Significant Racial Disparities in Homelessness Rates. Online. Available at http://nlihc.org/article/study-finds-significant-racial-disparities-homelessness-rates. Accessed June 15, 2018.

Netto, G. 2006. Vulnerability to homelessness, use of services and homelessness prevention in black and minority communities. Housing Studies 21(4):581-601.

New York State Department of Health. 2012. New York State Medicaid Redesign Team (MRT) Waiver Amendment: Achieving the Triple Aim. Available at https://www.health.ny.gov/health_care/medicaid/redesign/docs/2012-08-06_waiver_amendment_request.pdf. Accessed February 27, 2017.

Suggested Citation:"References." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2018. Permanent Supportive Housing: Evaluating the Evidence for Improving Health Outcomes Among People Experiencing Chronic Homelessness. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/25133.
×

New York State Department of Health. 2017. Medicaid Redesign Team Supportive Housing Evaluation: Utilization Report 1. Available at https://www.health.ny.gov/health_care/medicaid/redesign/2017/docs/2017-05_utilization_rpt.pdf. Accessed May 2, 2018.

NHCHC (National Health Care for the Homeless Council). 2016. Social Determinants of Health: Predictors of Health Among People Without Homes. Fact Sheet. Available at https://www.nhchc.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/09/fact-sheet_2016_social-determinants-of-health1.pdf. Accessed April 9, 2018.

NIDA (National Institute on Drug Abuse). 2013. Messages from the Director: Overdose Deaths Among Homeless Persons. Available at https://www.drugabuse.gov/about-nida/directors-page/messages-director/2013/01/over-dose-deaths-among-homeless-persons. Accessed September 27, 2017.

Ng, S., S. Rizvi, and M. E. Kunik. 2003. Prevalence of homeless older adults and factors causing their homelessness: A review. Internet Journal of Geriatrics and Gerontology 8(1):1-8.

O’Connell, J. J. 2005. Premature Mortality in Homeless Populations: A Review of the Literature. Nashville, TN: National Health Care for the Homeless Council.

ODPHP (U.S. Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion). 2016. Health-Related Quality of Life and Well-Being. Available at https://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/about/foundation-health-measures/Health-Related-Quality-of-Life-and-Well-Being. Accessed December 5, 2016.

Olivet, J., M. Dones, M. Richard, C. Wilkey, S. Yampolskaya, M. Beit-Arie, and L. Joseph. 2018. Supporting Partnerships for Anti-Racist Communities (SPARC): Phase I Study Findings. Center for Social Innovation. Available at http://center4si.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/SPARC-Phase-1-Findings-March-20181.pdf. Accessed May 5, 2018.

ONDCP (Office of National Drug Control Policy). 2014. Integrate treatment for substance use disorders into mainstream health care and expand support for recovery. Chapter 3 in National Drug Control Strategy. Available at https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/ondcp/chapter-integrate-treatment-for-substance-use-disorders. Accessed April 9, 2018.

OrgCode Consulting. 2015. Vulnerability Index—Service Prioritization Decision Assistance Tool (VI-SPDAT): Prescreen Triage Tool for Single Adults. Available at http://everyonehome.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/VI-SPDAT-2.0-Single-Adults.pdf. Accessed December 6, 2016.

Osman, L. M., J. G. Ayres, C. Garden, K. Reglitz, J. Lyon, and J. G. Douglas. 2008. Home warmth and health status of COPD patients. European Journal of Public Health 18(4):399-405.

Ortman, J. M., V. A. Velkoff, and H. Hogan. 2014. An Aging Nation: The Older Population in the United States: Population Estimates and Projections. Current Population Reports P25-1140. U.S. Census Bureau. Available at https://www.census.gov/prod/2014pubs/p25-1140.pdf.

Suggested Citation:"References." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2018. Permanent Supportive Housing: Evaluating the Evidence for Improving Health Outcomes Among People Experiencing Chronic Homelessness. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/25133.
×

Oster, A., and A. B. Bindman. 2003. Emergency department visits for ambulatory care sensitive conditions: Insights into preventable hospitalizations. Medical Care 41(2):198-207.

Padgett, D. K. 2007. There’s no place like (a) home: Ontological security among persons with serious mental illness in the United States. Social Science & Medicine 64(9):1925-1936.

Palmer, G. L. 2016. Examining the effects of scattered site supportive housing on the social and economic integration of men who are formerly homeless and primarily black/African American. Journal of Black Studies 47(8):846-868.

Park, J. M., S. Metraux, G. Brodbar, and D. P. Culhane. 2004. Child welfare involvement among children in homeless families. Child Welfare 83(5):423-436.

Parker, R. D., and S. Dykema. 2013. The reality of homeless mobility and implications for improving care. Journal of Community Health 38:685-689.

Parsell, C., O. Moutou, E. Lucio, and S. Parkinson. 2015. Supportive Housing to Address Homelessness. AHURI Final Report No. 240. Melbourne: Australian Housing and Urban Research Institute, University of Queensland. Available at https://www.ahuri.edu.au/research/final-reports/240. Accessed June 22, 2018.

Pastor, M., and R. Morello-Frosch. 2014. Integrating public health and community development to tackle neighborhood distress and promote well-being. Health Affairs 33(11):1890-1896.

Pearson, C., A. E. Montgomery, and G. Locke. 2009. Housing stability among homeless individuals with serious mental illness participating in Housing First programs. Journal of Community Psychology 37(3):404-417.

Perälä, J., J. Suvisaari, S. I. Saarni, K. Kuoppasalmi, E. Isometsä, S. Pirkola, T. Partonen, A. Tuulio-Henriksson, J. Hintikka, T. Kiessepä, T. Härkänen, S. Kaskinen, and J. Lönnquist. 2007. Lifetime prevalence of psychotic and bipolar I disorders in a general population. Archives of General Psychiatry 64:19-28.

Pergamit, M., M. Cunningham, and D. Hanson. 2017. The impact of family unification housing vouchers on child welfare outcomes. American Journal of Community Psychology 60(1-2):103-113.

Pleace, N., and J. Beverton. 2013. What do we mean by Housing First? Categorising and critically assessing the Housing First movement from a European perspective. Presented at the ENHR 2012 Conference on Housing: Local Welfare and Local Markets in a Globalised World. Available at http://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/75119/1/ENHR_HF_paper_Nicholas_Pleace.pdf. Accessed September 29, 2017.

Popp, P., J. Hindman, and J. Stronge. 2007. Local Homeless Education Liaison Toolkit, Revised. Greensboro, NC: National Center for Homeless Education. Available at https://education.wm.edu/centers/hope/liaison/documents/toolkit2008.pdf. Accessed June 22, 2018.

Post, P. A., 2008. Defining and Funding the Support in Permanent Supportive Housing. Washington, DC: Corporation for Supportive Housing.

Suggested Citation:"References." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2018. Permanent Supportive Housing: Evaluating the Evidence for Improving Health Outcomes Among People Experiencing Chronic Homelessness. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/25133.
×

Prieto, L., and J. A. Sacristan. 2003. Problems and solutions in calculating quality-adjusted life years (QALYs). Health and Quality of Life Outcomes 1:80.

PRRAC (Poverty and Race Research Action Council). 2016. State, local, and federal laws barring source-of-income discrimination. Appendix B in Expanding Choice: Practical Strategies for Building a Successful Housing Mobility Programs. Available at http://www.prrac.org/pdf/AppendixB.pdf. Accessed February 27, 2017.

Quilgars, D., and N. Pleace. 2016. Housing First and social integration: A realistic aim? Social Inclusion 4(4):5-15.

Quinn, K., S. Young, D. Thomas, B. Baldwin, and M. Paul. 2015. The role of supportive housing for HIV-positive mothers and their children. Journal of Social Service Research 41(5):642-658.

Rabin, R., and F. de Charro. 2001. EQ-SD: A measure of health status from the EuroQol Group. Annals of Medicine 33:337-343.

Ram, B., C. M. Nightingale, A. R. Rudnicka, A. Shankar, M. T. Hudda, A. Ellaway, A. R. Cooper, A. Page, D. Lewis, S. Cummins, B. Giles-Corti, P. H. Whincup, D. G. Cook, and C. G. Owen. 2016. Impact of the built environment on self-rated health and wellbeing and other health behaviours of people in social, intermediate, and market-rent accommodation: Baseline characteristics of ENABLE London Study participants. The Lancet 388(S2):S98.

Ray, N. 2006. Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender Youth: An Epidemic of Homelessness. National Gay and Lesbian Task Force Policy Institute and the National Coalition for the Homeless. Available at http://www.thetaskforce.org/static_html/downloads/HomelessYouth.pdf. Accessed December 22, 2016.

Rieke, K., A. Smolsky, E. Bock, L. P. Erkes, E. Porterfield, and S. Watanabe-Galloway. 2015. Mental and nonmental health hospital admissions among chronically homeless adults before and after supportive housing placement. Social Work in Public Health 30:496-503.

Richards, R., R. M. Merrill, and L. Baksh. 2011. Health behaviors and infant health outcomes in homeless pregnant women in the United States. Pediatrics 128(3):438-446.

Rodriguez, R. M., J. Fortman, C. Chee, V. Ng, and D. Poon. 2009. Food, shelter and safety needs motivating homeless persons' visits to an urban emergency department. Annals of Emergency Medicine 53(5):598-602.

Rodriguez, J. M., and M. Shinn. 2016. Intersections of family homelessness, CPS involvement, and race in Alameda County, California. Child Abuse and Neglect 57:41-52.

Rog, D., T. Marshall, R. H. Dougherty, P. George, A. S. Daniels, S. S. Ghose, and M. E. Delphin-Rittmon. 2014. Permanent supportive housing: Assessing the evidence. Psychiatric Services 65(3):287-294.

Rog, D. J., K. A. Henderson, and A. L. Greer. 2016. Family stability and child welfare involvement among families served in permanent supportive housing. Child Welfare 94(1):189-208.

Suggested Citation:"References." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2018. Permanent Supportive Housing: Evaluating the Evidence for Improving Health Outcomes Among People Experiencing Chronic Homelessness. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/25133.
×

Rosenheck, R., W. Kasprow, L. Frisman, and W. Liu-Mares. 2003. Cost-effectiveness of supported housing for homeless persons with mental illness. Archives of General Psychiatry 60(9):940-951.

Runquist, J. J., and P. G. Reed. 2007. Self-transcendence and well-being in homeless adults. Journal of Holistic Nursing 25(1):5-13.

Russell, L. B., M. R. Gold, J. E. Siegel, N. Daniels, and M. C. Weinstein. 1996. The role of cost-effectiveness analysis in health and medicine. Journal of the American Medical Association 276(14):1172-1177.

RWJF (Robert Wood Johnson Foundation). 2015. From Vision to Action: A Framework and Measures to Mobilize a Culture of Health. Princeton, NJ: RWJF.

Salit, S. A., E. M. Kuhn, A. J. Hartz, J. M. Vu, and A. L Mosso. 1998. Hospitalization costs associated with homelessness in New York City. New England Journal of Medicine 338:1734-1740.

SAMHSA (Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration). 2010. Permanent Supportive Housing Evidence-Based Practices (EBP) Kit. Rockville, MD: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Available at http://store.samhsa.gov/product/Permanent-Supportive-Housing-Evidence-Based-Practices-EBP-KIT/SMA10-4510. Accessed January 11, 2017.

SAMHSA. 2011. Results from the 2010 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Summary of National Findings. NSDUH Series H-41, HHS Publication No. (SMA) 11-4658. Rockville MD: SAMHSA. Available at https://www.samhsa.gov/data/sites/default/files/NSDUHNationalFindingsResults2010-web/2k10ResultsRev/NSDUHresultsRev2010.pdf. Accessed June 22, 2018.

SAMHSA. 2017. Homelessness and Housing. Available at https://www.samhsa.gov/homelessness-housing. Accessed September 29, 2017.

Samuels, J., P. J. Fowler, A. Ault-Brutus, D. Tang, and K. Marcal. 2015. Time-limited case management for homeless mothers with mental health problems: Effects on maternal mental health. Journal of the Society for Social Work and Research 6(4):515-539.

Sanders, G. D., P. J. Newmann, A. Basu, D. W. Brock, D. Feeny, M. Krahn, K. M. Kuntz, D. O. Meltzer, D. K. Owens, L. A. Prosser, J. A. Salmon, M. J. Sculper, T. A. Trikalinos, L. B. Russell, J. E. Siegel, and T. G. Ganiats. 2016. Recommendations for conduct, methodological practices, and reporting of cost effect analysis: Second Panel on Cost-Effectiveness in Health and Medicine. Journal of the American Medical Association 316(10):1093-1103.

Schwarcz, S. K., L. C. Hsu, E. Vittinghoff, A. Vu, J. D. Bamberger, and M. H. Katz. 2009. Impact of housing on the survival of persons with AIDS. BMC Public Health 9:220.

Seidman, L. J., R. K. Schutt, B. Caplan, G. S. Tolomiczenko, W. M. Turner, and S. M. Goldfinger. 2003. The effect of housing interventions on neuropsychological functioning among homeless persons with mental illness. Psychiatric Services 54(6):905-908.

Seligson, L. A, S. Lim, T. Singh, E. Laganis, E. Stazesky, S. Donahue, C. Lanzara, T. G. Harris, T. Marsik, C. M. Greene, F. R. Lipton, R. Myers, and A. M.

Suggested Citation:"References." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2018. Permanent Supportive Housing: Evaluating the Evidence for Improving Health Outcomes Among People Experiencing Chronic Homelessness. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/25133.
×

Karpa. 2013. New York/New York III Supportive Housing Evaluation: Interim Utilization and Cost Analysis. A report from the New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene in collaboration with the New York City Human Resources Administration and the New York State Office of Mental Health. Available at https://shnny.org/images/uploads/NY-NY-III-Interim-Report.pdf. Accessed April 27, 2018.

Shinn, M., J. Samuels, S. N. Fischer, A. Thompkins, and P. J. Fowler. 2015. Longitudinal impact of a Family Critical Time Intervention on children in high-risk families experiencing homelessness: A randomized trial. American Journal of Community Psychology 56:205-216.

Siegel, J. E., M. C. Weinstein, L. B. Russell, and M. R. Gold. 1996. Recommendations for reporting cost-effectiveness analyses. Panel on Cost-Effectiveness in Health and Medicine. Journal of the American Medical Association 276(16):1339-1341.

Siegel, C. E., J. Samuels, D. I. Tang, I. Berg, K. Jones, and K. Hopper. 2006. Tenant outcomes in supported housing and community residences in New York City. Psychiatric Services 57(7):982-991

Simmons, M. M., S. Gabrielian, T. Byrne, M. B. McCullough, J. L. Smith, T. J. Taylor, T. P. O’Toole, V. Kane, V. Yakovchenko, D. K. McInnes, and D. A. Smelson. 2017. A Hybrid III stepped wedge cluster randomized trial testing an implementation strategy to facilitate the use of an evidence-based practice in VA Homeless Primary Care Treatment programs. Implementation Science 12(46). https://doi.org/10.1186/s13012-017-0563-2.

Slesnick, N., P. Dashora, A. Letcher, G. Erdem, and J. Serovich. 2009. A review of services and interventions for runaway and homeless youth: Moving forward. Children and Youth Services Review 31(7):732-742.

Somers, J. M., A. Moniruzzaman, and A. Palepu. 2015. Changes in daily substance use among people experiencing homelessness and mental illness: 24-month outcomes following randomization to Housing First or usual care. Addiction 110(10):1605-1614.

Somers, J. M., A. Moniruzzaman, M. Patterson, L. Currie, S. N. Rezansoff, A. Palepu, and K. Fryer. 2017. A randomized trial examining Housing First in congregate and scattered site formats. PLoS ONE 12(1):e0168745.

Speirs, V., M. Johnson, and S. Jirojwong. 2013. A systematic review of interventions for homeless women. Journal of Clinical Nursing 22(7-8):1080-1093.

Spoth, R., L. A. Rohrbach, M. Greenberg, P. Leaf, C. H. Brown, A. Fagan, R. F. Catalano, M. A. Pentz, Z. Sloboda, and J. D. Hawkins. 2013. Addressing core challenges for the next generation of type 2 research and systems: The Translation Science to Population Impact (TSci Impact) framework. Prevention Science 14(4):319-351.

Srebnik, D., T. Connor, and L. Sylla. 2013. A pilot study of the impact of Housing First-supported housing for intensive users of medical hospitalization and sobering services. American Journal of Public Health 103(2):316-321.

Steffen, B. L., G. R. Carter, M. Martin, D. Pelletier, D. A. Vanderbroucke, and Y. D. Yao. 2015. Worst Case Housing Needs: 2015 Report to Congress.

Suggested Citation:"References." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2018. Permanent Supportive Housing: Evaluating the Evidence for Improving Health Outcomes Among People Experiencing Chronic Homelessness. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/25133.
×

Prepared for Office of Policy Development and Research, U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development. Available at https://www.huduser.gov/portal//Publications/pdf/WorstCaseNeeds_2015.pdf. Accessed February 23, 2017.

Stergiopoulos, V., S. W. Hwang, A. Gozdzik, R. Nisenbaum, E. Latimer, D. Rabouin, C. E. Adair, J. Bourque, J. Connelly, J. Frankish, L. Y. Katz, K. Mason, V. Misir, K. O’Brien, J. Sareen, C. G. Schütz, A. Singer, D. L. Streiner, H.-M. Vasiliadis, and P. N. Goering. 2015. Effect of scattered site housing using rent supplements and intensive case management on housing stability among homeless adults with mental illness: A randomized trial. Journal of the American Medical Association 313(9):905-915.

Street Outreach Program. 2016. Administration for Children and Families Family and Youth Services Bureau Street Outreach Program: Data Collection Study Final Report. Washington, DC: Family and Youth Services Bureau. Available at https://www.acf.hhs.gov/sites/default/files/fysb/data_collection_study_final_report_street_outreach_program.pdf. Accessed July 25, 2017.

Sylla, L., R. Franzen, D. Srebnik, M. Hoffman, and A. Schoenfeld. 2016. Creating a regional model to coordinate and prioritize access to permanent supportive housing. Journal of Behavioral Health Services & Research 449(4):564-573.

Syrop, J. 2016. Supportive housing reduces healthcare spending for formerly homeless. American Journal of Managed Care. News Release. Available at http://www.ajmc.com/newsroom/supportive-housing-reduces-healthcare-spending-for-formerly-homeless. Accessed March 30, 2018.

Szerlip, M. I., and H. M. Szerlip. 2002. Identification of cardiovascular risk factors in homeless adults. American Journal of the Medical Sciences 324(5):243-246.

Technical Assistance Collaborative, Inc. 2012. Federal Housing Resources Guide. Available at http://www.tacinc.org/media/27844/Federal%20Housing%20Programs.pdf. Accessed May 4, 2018.

Tegeler, P., M. Haberle, J. Rich, S. L. Smith, W. Henderson, L. Proll, H. O. Shelton, and A. Gordon. 2015. Re: Follow up from November 4, 2015 meeting on LIHTC reform. Letter to Deputy Secretary Sarah Bloom Raskin. Typed correspondence. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of the Treasury. Available at http://www.prrac.org/pdf/LIHTC_followup_letter_to_DS_Raskin_et_al_11-25-15.pdf. Accessed April 17, 2017.

Thiele, D. 2014. Creating a Medicaid Supportive Housing Services Benefit: A Framework for Washington and Other States. Prepared by Corporation for Supportive Housing. Available at http://www.csh.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/08/Creating_Medicaid_Supportive_Housing_Servcies_Benefit_WashingtonState.pdf. Accessed February 27, 2017.

Toro, P. A. 2007. Toward an international understanding of homelessness. Journal of Social Issues 63:461-481.

Suggested Citation:"References." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2018. Permanent Supportive Housing: Evaluating the Evidence for Improving Health Outcomes Among People Experiencing Chronic Homelessness. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/25133.
×

Toros, H., and D. Flaming. 2017. Prioritizing Which Homeless People Get Housing Using Predictive Algorithms: An Evidence-Based Approach to Prioritizing High-Cost and High-Need Homeless Persons for Permanent Supportive Housing. Economic Roundtable. Available at https://economicrt.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/Prioritizing-Which-Homeless-People-Get-Housing-Using-Predictive-Algorithms.pdf. Accessed April 3, 2018.

Tsai, J., and R. A. Rosenheck. 2012. Conceptualizing social integration among formerly homeless adults with severe mental illness. Journal of Community Psychology 40(4):456-467.

Tsai, J., A. S. Mares, and R. A. Rosenheck. 2010. A multisite comparison of supported housing for chronically homeless adults: “Housing first” versus “residential treatment first.” Psychological Services 7(4):219-232.

Tsai, J., R. A. Rosenheck, S. E. Decker, R. A. Desai, and I. Harpaz-Rotem. 2012. Trauma experience among homeless female veterans: Correlates and impact on housing, clinical, and psychosocial outcomes. Journal of Trauma Stress 25(6):624-632.

Tsai, J., W. J. Kasprow, and R. A. Rosenheck. 2014. Alcohol and drug use disorders among homeless veterans: Prevalence and association with supported housing outcomes. Addictive Behaviors 39(2):455-460.

Tsemberis, S. 1999. From streets to homes: An innovative approach to supported housing for homeless adults with psychiatric disabilities. Journal of Community Psychology 27(2):225-241.

Tsemberis, S. 2010. Housing First Manual: The Pathways Model to End Homelessness for People with Mental Illness and Addiction. Center City, MN: Hazelden.

Tsemberis, S. 2015. Housing First Revised: The Pathways Model to End Homelessness for People with Mental Illness and Addiction. Center City, MN: Hazeldon.

Tsemberis, S., L. Gulcur, and M. Nakae. 2004. Housing First, consumer choice, and harm reduction for homeless individuals with a dual diagnosis. American Journal of Public Health 94(4):651-656.

University of Michigan Library. 2018. Grey Literature. Available at http://guides.lib.umich.edu/greyliterature. Accessed March 30, 2018.

U.S. Department of Education. 2016. Education for Homeless Children and Youths Program Non-Regulatory Guidance: Title VII-B of the McKinney-Vento Homeless Assistance Act, as amended by the Every Student Succeeds Act.https://www2.ed.gov/policy/elsec/leg/essa/160240ehcyguidance072716.pdf. Accessed September 29, 2017.

USICH (U.S. Interagency Commission on Homelessness). 2011. USICH Report to Congress: Community Forum to Discuss GAO Recommendation to Develop a Common Federal Vocabulary on Housing Status. Available at https://www.usich.gov/resources/uploads/asset_library/USICH_Report_-Common_Housing_Status_Vocabulary.pdf. Accessed May 29, 2017.

Suggested Citation:"References." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2018. Permanent Supportive Housing: Evaluating the Evidence for Improving Health Outcomes Among People Experiencing Chronic Homelessness. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/25133.
×

USICH. 2012. Searching Out Solutions: Constructive Alternatives to the Criminalization of Homelessness. Available at https://www.usich.gov/tools-for-action/searching-out-solutions. Accessed February 27, 2017.

USICH. 2015a. Ending Homelessness for People Living in Encampments: Advancing the Dialogue. Washington, DC. Available at https://www.usich.gov/tools-for-action/ending-homelessness-for-people-in-encampments. Accessed February 27, 2017.

USICH. 2015b. Federal Resources That Can Fund Rapid Re-Housing. Available at https://www.usich.gov/resources/uploads/asset_library/Federal_Funding_Sources_RRH.pdf. Accessed June 22, 2018.

USICH. 2015c. Fiscal Year 2015 Performance and Accountability Report. Available at https://www.usich.gov/resources/uploads/asset_library/FY2015-USICH-PAR.pdf. Accessed February 27, 2017.

USICH. 2015d. Opening Doors: Federal Strategic Plan to Prevent and End Homelessness. Available at https://www.usich.gov/resources/uploads/asset_library/USICH_OpeningDoors_Amendment2015_FINAL.pdf. June 22, 2018.

USICH. 2017a. Investing in the End of Homelessness: The President’s 2017 Budget. Fact Sheet. Available at https://www.usich.gov/resources/uploads/asset_library/2017_Budget_USICH_Homelessness_Fact_Sheet_final.pdf.

USICH. 2017b. Supportive Housing. Available at https://www.usich.gov/solutions/housing/supportive-housing. Accessed on May 5, 2018.

Uttaro, T., and A. Lehman. 1999. Graded response modeling of the Quality of Life Interview. Evaluation and Program Planning 22(1):41-52.

van den Berk-Clark, C. 2016. The dilemmas of frontline staff working with the homeless: Housing First, discretion, and the task environment. Housing Policy Debate 26(1):105-122.

Volk, J. S., T. Aubry, P. Goering, C. E. Adair, J. Distasio, J. Jette, D. Nolin, V. Stergiopoulos, D. L. Streiner, and S. Tsemberis. 2016. Tenants with additional needs: When Housing First does not solve homelessness. Journal of Mental Health 25(2):169-175.

Wachino, V. 2015. Coverage of Housing-Related Activities and Services for Individuals with Disabilities. Center for Medicaid & CHIP Services (CMCS) Informational Bulletin. Baltimore, MD: Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Available at https://www.medicaid.gov/federal-policy-guidance/downloads/cib-06-26-2015.pdf. Accessed June 22, 2018.

Waegemakers, S. J., and J. Rook. 2012. Housing First: Where Is the Evidence? Toronto, Canada: Homeless Hub. Available at http://www.homelesshub.ca/sites/default/files/HousingFirstReport_final.pdf. Accessed June 22, 2018.

Wallerstein, N., and B. Duran. 2010. Community-based participatory research contributions to intervention research: The intersection of science and practice to improve health equity. American Journal of Public Health 100(S1):S40-S46.

Watson, S. 1984. Definitions of homelessness: A feminist perspective. Critical Social Policy 4(11):60-73.

Suggested Citation:"References." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2018. Permanent Supportive Housing: Evaluating the Evidence for Improving Health Outcomes Among People Experiencing Chronic Homelessness. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/25133.
×

Watson, D., R. Hollister, S. E. Stroud, and E. Babcock. 2011. The engaged university: International perspectives on civic engagement. Park Drive, UK: Taylor & Francis.

Weinstein, M. C., J. E. Siegel, M. R. Gold, M. S. Kamlet, and L. B. Russell. 1996. Recommendations of the panel on cost-effectiveness in health and medicine. Journal of the American Medical Association 276(15):1253-1258.

White House. 2016. Housing Development Toolkit. Available at https://www.whitehouse.gov/sites/whitehouse.gov/files/images/Housing_Development_Toolkit%20f.2.pdf. Accessed February 24, 2017.

WHO (World Health Organization). 1946. World Health Organization Constitution. Available at http://www.who.int/about/mission/en. Accessed May 18, 2017.

WHO. 1994. Constitution of the World Health Organization. Basic Documents, 40th ed. Geneva Switzerland: WHO.

WHO. 2017. Closing the Gap in a Generation: Health Equity Through Action on the Social Determinants of Health. Brochure. Commission on Social Determinants of Health. Available at http://www.who.int/social_determinants/en. Accessed June 1 2017.

WHOQOL Group. 1998. Development of the World Health Organization WHOQOL-BREF quality of life assessment. Psychological Medicine 28(3): 551-558.

Wilkins, C., and M. R. Burt. 2012. Public Housing Agencies and Permanent Supportive Housing for Chronically Homeless People. Prepared by Abt Associates for Office of the Assistant Secretary for Planning and Evaluation, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Available at https://aspe.hhs.gov/report/public-housing-agencies-and-permanent-supportive-housing-chronically-homeless-people. Accessed June 22, 2018.

Wilkins, C., M. R. Burt, and G. Locke. 2014. A Primer on Using Medicaid for People Experiencing Chronic Homelessness and Tenants in Permanent Supportive Housing. Prepared for Office of Disability, Aging and Long-Term Care Policy, Office of the Assistant Secretary for Planning and Evaluation, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Available at https://aspe.hhs.gov/system/files/pdf/77121/PSHprimer.pdf. Accessed May 23, 2017.

Wilkins, E., S. W. Hwang, C. Chambers, E. Estrabillo, J. Berends, and A. MacDonald. 2011. Chronic pain among homeless persons: Characteristics, treatment, and barriers to management. BMC Family Practice 12:73.

Wolitski, R. J., D. P. Kidder, S. L. Pals, S. Royal, A. Aidala, R. Stall, D. R. Holtgrave, D. Harre, C. Courtenay-Quirk, and Housing and Health Study Team. 2010. Randomized trial of the effects of housing assistance on the health and risk behaviors of homeless and unstably housed people living with HIV. AIDS and Behavior 14:493-503.

Wong, Y.-L. I., T. R. Hadley, D. P. Culhane, S. R. Poulin, M. R. Davis, B. A. Cirksey, and J. L. Brown. 2006. Predicting Staying in or Leaving Permanent Supportive Housing That Serves Homeless People with Serious Mental Illness. Prepared by M. Davis and Co., Inc., for the U.S. Department of

Suggested Citation:"References." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2018. Permanent Supportive Housing: Evaluating the Evidence for Improving Health Outcomes Among People Experiencing Chronic Homelessness. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/25133.
×

Housing and Urban Development, Office of Policy Development and Research. Available at https://www.huduser.gov/portal/publications/home-less/permhsgstudy.html. Accessed June 22, 2018.

Wright, J. D. 1990. Poor people, poor health: The health status of the homeless. Journal of Social Issues 46(4):40-64.

Wright, B. J., K. B. Vartanian, H.-F. Li, N. Royal, and J. K. Matson. 2016. Formerly homeless people had lower overall health care expenditures after moving into supportive housing, Health Affairs 35:20-27.

Yang, C. Y., C. Boen, K. Gerken, T. Li, K. Schorpp, and K. M. Harris. 2015. Social relationships and physiological determinants of longevity across the human life span. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 113(3):578-583.

Zlotnick, J. L. 2010. Fostering and sustaining university/agency partnerships. Chapter 11 in Fostering Accountability: Using Evidence to Guide and Improve Child Welfare Policy, M. F. Testa and J. Poertner, eds. New York: Oxford University Press.

Zlotnick, C., and S. Zerger. 2008. Survey findings on characteristics and health status of clients treated by the federally funded (US) Health Care for the Homeless Programs. Health and Social Care in the Community 17(1):18-26.

Zlotnick C., S. Zerger, and P. B. Wolfe. 2013. Health care for the homeless: What we have learned in the past 30 years and what’s next. American Journal of Public Health 103(Suppl 2):S199-S205.

Zur, J., S. Linton, and H. Mead. 2016. Medical respite and linkages to outpatient health care providers among individuals experiencing homelessness. Journal of Community Health 3(2):81-89.

Suggested Citation:"References." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2018. Permanent Supportive Housing: Evaluating the Evidence for Improving Health Outcomes Among People Experiencing Chronic Homelessness. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/25133.
×
Page 141
Suggested Citation:"References." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2018. Permanent Supportive Housing: Evaluating the Evidence for Improving Health Outcomes Among People Experiencing Chronic Homelessness. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/25133.
×
Page 142
Suggested Citation:"References." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2018. Permanent Supportive Housing: Evaluating the Evidence for Improving Health Outcomes Among People Experiencing Chronic Homelessness. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/25133.
×
Page 143
Suggested Citation:"References." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2018. Permanent Supportive Housing: Evaluating the Evidence for Improving Health Outcomes Among People Experiencing Chronic Homelessness. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/25133.
×
Page 144
Suggested Citation:"References." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2018. Permanent Supportive Housing: Evaluating the Evidence for Improving Health Outcomes Among People Experiencing Chronic Homelessness. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/25133.
×
Page 145
Suggested Citation:"References." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2018. Permanent Supportive Housing: Evaluating the Evidence for Improving Health Outcomes Among People Experiencing Chronic Homelessness. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/25133.
×
Page 146
Suggested Citation:"References." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2018. Permanent Supportive Housing: Evaluating the Evidence for Improving Health Outcomes Among People Experiencing Chronic Homelessness. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/25133.
×
Page 147
Suggested Citation:"References." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2018. Permanent Supportive Housing: Evaluating the Evidence for Improving Health Outcomes Among People Experiencing Chronic Homelessness. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/25133.
×
Page 148
Suggested Citation:"References." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2018. Permanent Supportive Housing: Evaluating the Evidence for Improving Health Outcomes Among People Experiencing Chronic Homelessness. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/25133.
×
Page 149
Suggested Citation:"References." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2018. Permanent Supportive Housing: Evaluating the Evidence for Improving Health Outcomes Among People Experiencing Chronic Homelessness. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/25133.
×
Page 150
Suggested Citation:"References." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2018. Permanent Supportive Housing: Evaluating the Evidence for Improving Health Outcomes Among People Experiencing Chronic Homelessness. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/25133.
×
Page 151
Suggested Citation:"References." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2018. Permanent Supportive Housing: Evaluating the Evidence for Improving Health Outcomes Among People Experiencing Chronic Homelessness. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/25133.
×
Page 152
Suggested Citation:"References." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2018. Permanent Supportive Housing: Evaluating the Evidence for Improving Health Outcomes Among People Experiencing Chronic Homelessness. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/25133.
×
Page 153
Suggested Citation:"References." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2018. Permanent Supportive Housing: Evaluating the Evidence for Improving Health Outcomes Among People Experiencing Chronic Homelessness. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/25133.
×
Page 154
Suggested Citation:"References." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2018. Permanent Supportive Housing: Evaluating the Evidence for Improving Health Outcomes Among People Experiencing Chronic Homelessness. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/25133.
×
Page 155
Suggested Citation:"References." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2018. Permanent Supportive Housing: Evaluating the Evidence for Improving Health Outcomes Among People Experiencing Chronic Homelessness. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/25133.
×
Page 156
Suggested Citation:"References." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2018. Permanent Supportive Housing: Evaluating the Evidence for Improving Health Outcomes Among People Experiencing Chronic Homelessness. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/25133.
×
Page 157
Suggested Citation:"References." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2018. Permanent Supportive Housing: Evaluating the Evidence for Improving Health Outcomes Among People Experiencing Chronic Homelessness. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/25133.
×
Page 158
Suggested Citation:"References." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2018. Permanent Supportive Housing: Evaluating the Evidence for Improving Health Outcomes Among People Experiencing Chronic Homelessness. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/25133.
×
Page 159
Suggested Citation:"References." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2018. Permanent Supportive Housing: Evaluating the Evidence for Improving Health Outcomes Among People Experiencing Chronic Homelessness. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/25133.
×
Page 160
Suggested Citation:"References." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2018. Permanent Supportive Housing: Evaluating the Evidence for Improving Health Outcomes Among People Experiencing Chronic Homelessness. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/25133.
×
Page 161
Suggested Citation:"References." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2018. Permanent Supportive Housing: Evaluating the Evidence for Improving Health Outcomes Among People Experiencing Chronic Homelessness. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/25133.
×
Page 162
Suggested Citation:"References." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2018. Permanent Supportive Housing: Evaluating the Evidence for Improving Health Outcomes Among People Experiencing Chronic Homelessness. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/25133.
×
Page 163
Suggested Citation:"References." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2018. Permanent Supportive Housing: Evaluating the Evidence for Improving Health Outcomes Among People Experiencing Chronic Homelessness. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/25133.
×
Page 164
Suggested Citation:"References." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2018. Permanent Supportive Housing: Evaluating the Evidence for Improving Health Outcomes Among People Experiencing Chronic Homelessness. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/25133.
×
Page 165
Suggested Citation:"References." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2018. Permanent Supportive Housing: Evaluating the Evidence for Improving Health Outcomes Among People Experiencing Chronic Homelessness. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/25133.
×
Page 166
Suggested Citation:"References." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2018. Permanent Supportive Housing: Evaluating the Evidence for Improving Health Outcomes Among People Experiencing Chronic Homelessness. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/25133.
×
Page 167
Suggested Citation:"References." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2018. Permanent Supportive Housing: Evaluating the Evidence for Improving Health Outcomes Among People Experiencing Chronic Homelessness. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/25133.
×
Page 168
Next: Appendix A Committee on an Evaluation of Permanent Supportive Housing Programs for Homeless Individuals: Biographical Information »
Permanent Supportive Housing: Evaluating the Evidence for Improving Health Outcomes Among People Experiencing Chronic Homelessness Get This Book
×
 Permanent Supportive Housing: Evaluating the Evidence for Improving Health Outcomes Among People Experiencing Chronic Homelessness
Buy Paperback | $60.00 Buy Ebook | $48.99
MyNAP members save 10% online.
Login or Register to save!
Download Free PDF

Chronic homelessness is a highly complex social problem of national importance. The problem has elicited a variety of societal and public policy responses over the years, concomitant with fluctuations in the economy and changes in the demographics of and attitudes toward poor and disenfranchised citizens. In recent decades, federal agencies, nonprofit organizations, and the philanthropic community have worked hard to develop and implement programs to solve the challenges of homelessness, and progress has been made. However, much more remains to be done. Importantly, the results of various efforts, and especially the efforts to reduce homelessness among veterans in recent years, have shown that the problem of homelessness can be successfully addressed.

Although a number of programs have been developed to meet the needs of persons experiencing homelessness, this report focuses on one particular type of intervention: permanent supportive housing (PSH). Permanent Supportive Housing focuses on the impact of PSH on health care outcomes and its cost-effectiveness. The report also addresses policy and program barriers that affect the ability to bring the PSH and other housing models to scale to address housing and health care needs.

READ FREE ONLINE

  1. ×

    Welcome to OpenBook!

    You're looking at OpenBook, NAP.edu's online reading room since 1999. Based on feedback from you, our users, we've made some improvements that make it easier than ever to read thousands of publications on our website.

    Do you want to take a quick tour of the OpenBook's features?

    No Thanks Take a Tour »
  2. ×

    Show this book's table of contents, where you can jump to any chapter by name.

    « Back Next »
  3. ×

    ...or use these buttons to go back to the previous chapter or skip to the next one.

    « Back Next »
  4. ×

    Jump up to the previous page or down to the next one. Also, you can type in a page number and press Enter to go directly to that page in the book.

    « Back Next »
  5. ×

    Switch between the Original Pages, where you can read the report as it appeared in print, and Text Pages for the web version, where you can highlight and search the text.

    « Back Next »
  6. ×

    To search the entire text of this book, type in your search term here and press Enter.

    « Back Next »
  7. ×

    Share a link to this book page on your preferred social network or via email.

    « Back Next »
  8. ×

    View our suggested citation for this chapter.

    « Back Next »
  9. ×

    Ready to take your reading offline? Click here to buy this book in print or download it as a free PDF, if available.

    « Back Next »
Stay Connected!