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Investment Prioritization Methods for Low-Volume Roads (2018)

Chapter: Chapter 5 - Conclusions

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Suggested Citation:"Chapter 5 - Conclusions." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2018. Investment Prioritization Methods for Low-Volume Roads. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/25142.
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Suggested Citation:"Chapter 5 - Conclusions." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2018. Investment Prioritization Methods for Low-Volume Roads. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/25142.
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Suggested Citation:"Chapter 5 - Conclusions." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2018. Investment Prioritization Methods for Low-Volume Roads. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/25142.
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Suggested Citation:"Chapter 5 - Conclusions." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2018. Investment Prioritization Methods for Low-Volume Roads. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/25142.
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Suggested Citation:"Chapter 5 - Conclusions." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2018. Investment Prioritization Methods for Low-Volume Roads. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/25142.
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54 Investment Prioritization Methods for Low-Volume Roads • Threshold effects from long-term reductions in low-volume road performance. Many DOT practitioners view the current scaling back of spending on LVRs in some states (as detailed in the case examples) as a temporary and not necessarily sustainable fix. Given this perspective, states would benefit from additional research on how to anticipate threshold effects in long-term performance changes over time. The research would address questions such as how much scaling back is “too much” and when, how, and who will those changes affect? Those ques- tions are related to the idea of minimally acceptable levels of access introduced in some of the reviewed international literature. There are opportunities for further research on this topic and for incorporation of findings into investment prioritization approaches.

55 23 CFR, Parts 515 and 667 (2016). “Asset Management Plans and Periodic Evaluations of Facilities Repeatedly Requiring Repair and Reconstruction Due to Emergency Events,” Federal Register, Vol. 81, No. 205. AASHTO (2001). AASHTO Guidelines for Geometric Design of Very Low-Volume Local Roads (ADT ≤ 400), 1st Edition. American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials, Washington, D.C. Agarwal, P. K., Choudhary, S., and Khan, A. B. (2016). “A Rational Strategy for Maintenance of Low Volume Road Network,” Transportation in Developing Economies, Vol. 2, No. 21. Available: http://link.springer.com/ article/10.1007/s40890-016-0024-7. Appalachian Regional Commission (n.d.) Access Road Program. Available: https://www.arc.gov/program_areas/ AccessRoadProgram.asp. Archondo-Callao, R. (1999). “Economic Decision Model for Low-Volume Roads,” Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, No. 1652, pp. 18–30. Available: http://trrjournalonline.trb.org/ doi/abs/10.3141/1652-04. Archondo-Callao, R. (2006). Roads Economic Decision Model (RED). The World Bank, Washington, D.C. Available: http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTTRANSPORT/Resources/336291-1152796664200/ 2749337-1153139937005/07REDIntroduction-March06.pdf. Archondo-Callao, R. (2008). Applying the HDM-4 Model to Strategic Planning of Road Works. The World Bank, Washington, D.C. Available: http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTTRANSPORT/Resources/336291- 1227561426235/5611053-1229359963828/tp-20.pdf. Arizona DOT (2015). P2P Link Methodologies & Implementation Plan. Board Meeting Project Scoring Criteria and Prioritization. Available: https://www.azdot.gov/planning/transportation-programs/key-commerce- corridors/linking-the-long-range-plan-and-construction-program. Arizona DOT (n.d.) Highway User Revenue Fund (HURF). Available: https://www.azdot.gov/about/Financial ManagementServices/transportation-funding/highway-user-revenue-fund. Arizona DOT (2017). Low Volume State Routes Study. https://azdot.gov/docs/default-source/planning/lvr-final- report-with-es.pdf?sfvrsn=2. Benmaamar, M. (2003). “A Method for the Appraisal of Low Volume Roads in Tanzania,” XXII PIARC World Road Congress, Durban, South Africa. Available: http://www.transport-links.org/transport_links/filearea/ publications/1_839_PA4163-04.PDF. Bowers, N. L. (2017). Kansas Handbook of Traffic Control Guidance for Low-Volume Rural Roads, Fourth Edition, Kansas Local Technical Assistance Program, University of Kansas. Available: https://kutc.ku.edu/sites/kutc. ku.edu/files/docs/ltap-news/LVR%20guide%202017_interactive.pdf. Chamorro, A., and Tighe, S. L. (2015). “Optimized Maintenance Standards for Unpaved Road Networks Based on Cost-Effectiveness Analysis,” Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, No. 2473, pp. 56–65. Available: http://trrjournalonline.trb.org/doi/abs/10.3141/2473-07. Chandler, B., and Anderson, R. (2010). Implementing the High Risk Rural Roads Program. FHWA, Washington, D.C. Available: http://safety.fhwa.dot.gov/local_rural/training/fhwasa10012/fhwasa10012.pdf. Chicoine, D. L., Deller, S. C., and Walzer, N. (1989). “The Size Efficiency of Rural Governments: The Case of Low-Volume Rural Roads,” The Journal of Federalism, No. 19. Available: https://publius.oxfordjournals.org/ content/19/1/127.abstract. Clemmons, G. H., and Saager, V. (2011). “Financing Low-Volume Road Improvements,” Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, No. 2203, pp. 143–150. Available: http://trrjournal online.trb.org/doi/abs/10.3141/2203-18. Coghlin, G. (n.d.). “Opportunities for Low-Volume Roads,” Transportation Research Board of the National Academies, Committee on Low-Volume Roads. Available: http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/millennium/ 00068.pdf. References

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58 Investment Prioritization Methods for Low-Volume Roads Pennsylvania State Conservation Commission (2014). Dirt, Gravel, and Low Volume Road Maintenance Program Administrative Manual. Available: http://www.dirtandgravel.psu.edu/sites/default/files/PA%20Program%20 Resources/Program%20Specific%20Resources/Administrative%20Guidance%20Manual/Administrative_ Manual_Dec_2014.pdf. Pinard, M. I., Ellis, S. D., Eriksson, C.-H., Johansen, R., Toole, T., Berger, R., Gumbie, M. E., Lotter, H. J. S., and Quimby, A. R. (2003). Guideline on Low-Volume Sealed Roads, Southern African Development Community, Botswana. Available: https://www.ssatp.org/sites/ssatp/files/pdfs/Toolkits/LVSR-Guideline-FullText[1]_0.pdf. Proctor, G., and Zimmerman, K. (2016). Defining Cross-Asset Decision Making: A Discussion Paper. American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials, Washington, D.C. Available: https://www. tam-portal.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/Cross-Asset-Allocation.pdf. Rall, J., Wheet, A., Farber, N. J., and Reed, J. B. (2011). Transportation Governance and Finance: A 50-State Review of State Legislatures and Departments of Transportation, National Conference of State Legislatures and AASHTO Center for Excellence in Project Finance, Washington, D.C. Available: http://www.financing transportation.org/pdf/50_State_Review_State_Legislatures_Departments_Transportation.pdf. Robert, W. E., and Gurenich, D. I. (2008). “Modeling Approach of the National Bridge Investment Analysis System,” Transportation Research E-Circular E-C128, Transportation Research Board of the National Academies, Washington, D.C. Available: http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/circulars/ec128.pdf. South Carolina DOT (2017a). Engineering Directive 65: Non-Federal Aid Secondary Pavement Improvement Project Prioritization Process. Available: http://info2.scdot.org/ED/ED/ED-65.pdf. South Carolina DOT (2017b). Engineering Directive 69: Non-NHS Bridge Replacement Project Prioritization Process. http://info2.scdot.org/ED/ED/ED-69.pdf. South Carolina DOT (2017c). Engineering Directive 70: Load Restricted Bridge Replacement Project Prioritization Process. http://info2.scdot.org/ED/ED/ED-70.pdf. SSATP (2013). Module 2: Planning, Design, Appraisal and Implementation, “Rural Road Economic Appraisal Methodology,” Rural Transport Training Materials, African Transport Policy Program. http://www.ssatp.org/ sites/ssatp/files/rural_transport/RTTM-en/Module%202%202013/Session%202.3/PM%202-3a.pdf. Steyn, W. J. vd M., Nokes, B., du Plessis, L., Agacer, R., Burmas, N., and Popescu, L. (2015). “Evaluation of the Effect of Rural Road Condition on Agricultural Produce Transportation,” Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, No. 2473, pp. 33–41. Available: http://trrjournalonline.trb.org/ doi/10.3141/2473-04. Texas DOT (Updated 2017). “Farm/Ranch to Market Facts,” Tx DOT Expressway. Available: https://www.dot. state.tx.us/tpp/hwy/fmfacts.htm. The World Bank (2005). “Notes on the Economic Evaluation of Transport Projects: Low Volume Rural Roads,” Transport Note No. TRN-21, The World Bank, Washington, D.C. Available: http://siteresources.worldbank. org/INTTRANSPORT/Resources/336291-1227561426235/5611053-1231943010251/trn-21EENote2.pdf. The World Bank (2008). “HDM-4 Economic Analysis Concepts,” The World Bank, Washington, D.C. Available: https://www.scribd.com/presentation/312210834/04HDM-4EconomicAnalysisConcepts2008-10-22. Uremovich, A. L. (2007). “Treatment of Historic Bridge on Low-Volume Local Road,” Design Memorandum No. 07-05, Indiana Department of Transportation, Indianapolis. Available: http://www.in.gov/dot/div/ contracts/standards/memos/deleted/2007/0705-pc.pdf. Wisconsin DOT (2010). Evaluating and Ranking Highway Major Projects from an Economic Development Perspective. http://www.tredis.com/images/pdf-docs/panel_workshop/transportation%20planning%20 workshop%20-%20widot.pdf. Yu, J. (2015). Development of Holding Strategies for Deteriorated Low-Volume Roads and Evaluation of Performance of Iowa Test Sections. PhD Dissertation, Iowa State University, Ames. Available: http://lib.dr.iastate.edu/cgi/ viewcontent.cgi?article=5906&context=etd. Zimmerman, K. A. (2017). NCHRP Synthesis 501: Pavement Management Systems: Putting Data to Work, Trans- portation Research Board of the National Academies, Washington, D.C. Available: http://nap.edu/24682. Zimmerman, K. A., and Wolters, A. S. (2004). Local Road Surfacing Criteria. Study SD2002-10, Final Report. South Dakota Department of Transportation, Office of Research, Pierre. Available: http://sddot.com/business/ research/projects/docs/sd200210_Final_Report.pdf. Zopounidis, C., and Doumpos, M., eds. (2017). Multiple Criteria Decision Making: Applications in Management and Engineering. Springer.

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TRB's National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Synthesis 521: Investment Prioritization Methods for Low-Volume Roads documents current practices used by transportation agencies to make investment decisions about low-volume roads.

Current transportation asset management practices for low-volume roads typically use asset condition, traffic, and safety metrics to prioritize investment decisions for preservation, maintenance, repair, and replacement projects. However, these metrics do not fully measure the significant value for the wider economy and society that low-volume roads can provide.

This publication also addresses the challenges that decision makers may face to communicate the value of such investments to stakeholders in an era of limited funds and constantly changing demands on the transportation system.

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