NUTRIGENOMICS
AND THE FUTURE OF NUTRITION
PROCEEDINGS OF A WORKSHOP
Leslie Pray, Rapporteur
Food Forum
Food and Nutrition Board
Health and Medicine Division
THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS
Washington, DC
www.nap.edu
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This activity was supported by contracts between the National Academy of Sciences and the National Institutes of Health (HHSN2632012000741/HHSN26300079); the U.S. Department of Agriculture (59-8040-7-001, AG-3A94-C-17-0009, USDA-CNPP-FF-17-DC, and USDA-OFS-NAS-17-DC-01); and the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (HHSP233201400020B/HHSP23337012), with additional support by Cargill, Inc.; Chobani, LLC; The Coca-Cola Company; ConAgra Foods; Dr Pepper Snapple Group; General Mills, Inc.; Mars, Inc.; Monsanto; Nestlé; Ocean Spray Cranberries, Inc.; PepsiCo; Tate & Lyle; and Unilever. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect the views of any organization or agency that provided support for the project.
International Standard Book Number-13: 978-0-309-47764-2
International Standard Book Number-10: 0-309-47764-6
Digital Object Identifier: https://doi.org/10.17226/25147
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Suggested citation: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2018. Nutrigenomics and the future of nutrition: Proceedings of a workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: https://doi.org/10.17226/25147.
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PLANNING COMMITTEE FOR A WORKSHOP ON NUTRIGENOMICS AND THE FUTURE OF NUTRITION1
PATSY M. BRANNON, Professor, Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
NAOMI K. FUKAGAWA, Director, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, Maryland
WENDY L. JOHNSON, Vice President of Nutrition, Health, and Wellness, Nestlé Corporate Affairs, Arlington, Virginia
SARAH ROLLER, Partner, Kelley Drye & Warren, LLP, Washington, DC
___________________
1 The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine’s planning committees are solely responsible for organizing workshops, identifying topics, and choosing speakers. Responsibility for the published Proceedings of a Workshop rests with the workshop rapporteur and the institution.
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FOOD FORUM (DECEMBER 2017)1
SYLVIA ROWE (Chair), SR Strategy, LLC, Washington, DC
ARTI ARORA, The Coca-Cola Company, Atlanta, Georgia
FRANCIS (FRANK) BUSTA, University of Minnesota, St. Paul
PAUL M. COATES, Office of Dietary Supplements, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
JOY DUBOST, Unilever Research and Development, Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey
NAOMI K. FUKAGAWA, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, Maryland
DAVID GOLDMAN, Food Safety and Inspection Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, DC
DANIEL A. GOLDSTEIN, Monsanto, St. Louis, Missouri
DANIELLE GREENBERG, PepsiCo, Purchase, New York
SONYA A. GRIER, American University, Washington, DC
JEAN HALLORAN, Consumers Union, Yonkers, New York
JACKIE HAVEN, Center for Nutrition Policy and Promotion, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Alexandria, Virginia
KATE J. HOUSTON, Cargill, Inc., Washington, DC
LEE-ANN JAYKUS, North Carolina State University, Raleigh
HELEN H. JENSEN, Iowa State University, Ames
RENÉE S. JOHNSON, Library of Congress, Washington, DC
WENDY L. JOHNSON, Nestlé Corporate Affairs, Arlington, Virginia
CHRISTINA KHOO, Ocean Spray Cranberries, Inc., Lakeville, Massachusetts
LORE KOLBERG, Tate & Lyle, Hoffman Estates, Illinois
VIVICA I. KRAAK, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg
SUSAN M. KREBS-SMITH, Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
CATHERINE KWIK-URIBE, Mars, Inc., Germantown, Maryland
CHRISTOPHER JOHN LYNCH, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
SUSAN T. MAYNE, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, College Park, Maryland
KAREN McINTYRE, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
S. SUZANNE NIELSEN, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
___________________
1 The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine’s forums and roundtables do not issue, review, or approve individual documents. The responsibility for the published Proceedings of a Workshop rests with the workshop rapporteur and the institution.
ERIK D. OLSON, Natural Resources Defense Council, Washington, DC
ROBERT C. POST, Chobani, LLC, New York, New York
KRISTIN REIMERS, ConAgra Foods, Omaha, Nebraska
CLAUDIA RIEDT, Dr Pepper Snapple Group, Plano, Texas
SARAH ROLLER, Kelley Drye & Warren, LLP, Washington, DC
SHARON A. ROSS, Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
PAMELA STARKE-REED, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, Maryland
MAHA TAHIRI, General Mills, Inc., Minneapolis, Minnesota
REGINA L. TAN, Office of Food Safety, Food and Nutrition Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture
Health and Medicine Division Staff
HEATHER DEL VALLE COOK, Director
ROMY NATHAN, Program Officer
ANNA BURY, Research Associate
CYPRESS LYNX, Senior Program Assistant
ANN L. YAKTINE, Director, Food and Nutrition Board
Reviewers
This Proceedings of a Workshop was reviewed in draft form by individuals chosen for their diverse perspectives and technical expertise. The purpose of this independent review is to provide candid and critical comments that will assist the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine in making each published proceedings as sound as possible and to ensure that it meets the institutional standards for quality, objectivity, evidence, and responsiveness to the charge. The review comments and draft manuscript remain confidential to protect the integrity of the process.
We thank the following individuals for their review of this proceedings:
JOHANNA DWYER, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts
NAOMI K. FUKAGAWA, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, Maryland
DAVID GOLDMAN, Food Safety and Inspection Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, DC
Although the reviewers listed above provided many constructive comments and suggestions, they were not asked to endorse the content of the proceedings nor did they see the final draft before its release. The review of this proceedings was overseen by HUGH H. TILSON, University of North Carolina. He was responsible for making certain that an independent examination of this proceedings was carried out in accordance with standards of the National Academies and that all review comments were carefully considered. Responsibility for the final content rests entirely with the rapporteur and the National Academies.
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Contents
Setting the Stage: Introduction and Overview
Organization of This Proceedings
2 NUTRIGENOMICS AND CHRONIC DISEASE ENDPOINTS
Genotypes and Disease Risk: What Is Currently Known About Nutrition and Epigenetics?
Mitochondrial Genetics and Disease Risk: Exploring Current Evidence
3 PERSONALIZED NUTRITION IN THE REAL WORLD
Exploring Personal, Dense, Dynamic Data Clouds and the Future of Personalized Medicine
Sickle Cell Disease: An Arginine Deficiency Syndrome with Distinctive Nutritional Requirements
Personalized Nutrition in the Real World: Where Do We Stand?
Is Genetic Testing for Personalized Nutrition Ready for Prime Time?
4 NUTRIGENOMICS APPLICATIONS: DIETARY GUIDANCE AND FOOD PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT
Nutrient Requirements as Complex Traits: What Consumers Need to Know
Gene-Guided Nutrition Interventions
5 NUTRIGENOMICS: REGULATORY, ETHICAL, AND SCIENCE POLICY CONSIDERATIONS
Vetting Personalized and Genomically Guided Nutrition: Issues and Strategies
Potential Regulatory Policy Considerations Presented by Nutrigenomics in the Commercial Context
6 RETHINKING THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN DIET AND HEALTH: CAN NUTRIGENOMICS HELP?
The Usefulness of the Precision Medicine Paradigm in Nutrition
Behavioral Aspects of Nutrigenomics
Why the Focus on Genetics in This Era of Data Integration?
The Relevance of Nutrigenomics to Low-Income Populations
Trust—and Distrust—in Nutrigenomics
