Appendix E
Scaling Methods to Extrapolate from Reference Values of One Age Group to Another
Table E-1 shows a compilation of the scaling methods to extrapolate from the reference values of one age group to another age group (IOM, 2002/2005).
REFERENCE
IOM (Institute of Medicine). 2002/2005. Dietary Reference Intakes for energy, carbohydrate, fiber, fat, fatty acids, cholesterol, protein, and amino acids. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. https://doi.org/10.17226/10490.
TABLE E-1 Extrapolation by Scaling
Nutrient | Extrapolation | Allometric, E xponent; 0.75 | Isometric | Growth Factor | Other |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Choline | AI adult →AI child | yes | yes | ||
AI 0–6m→AI 7–12m | yes | no | |||
Biotin | AI 0–6m→AI 7–12m, 1–18y, adult | yes | no | ||
Pantothenic acid | adult→children | yes | yes | ||
AI 0–6m→AI 7–12m | yes | no | |||
Fluoride | 0.05 mg/kg/d | no | yes | no | |
Vitamin D | adult→1–9y | yes | no | ||
Magnesium | EAR 10–15y→EAR 1–3 and 4–8y 5mg/kg/d | yes | no | ||
Potassium | AI adult→AI 1–18y | AI child = AI adult × F F = energy intakechild/ energy intake adult UL child = UL adult × F F= energy intake adult/ | |||
UL adult →UL child | energy intake child | ||||
Sodium | Same as potassium | ||||
Vitamin A, chromium, copper, molybdenum, iodine | EAR/AI adult→EAR/AI child (no extrapolation for iodine for 1–3 y and 4–8 y old) | yes | yes | ||
yes | |||||
AI 0–6m →AI 7–12m | no | ||||
Vitamin K | AI 7–12m→AI 0–6m | yes | no | ||
Iron | No extrapolation for 7–12 m, 1–8y, 9–18 y | ||||
Manganese | EAR adult→EARchild | yes | yes | ||
AI 0–6m →AI 7–12m | no | no |
Zinc | Factorial similar to allometric extrapolation from adult plus GF | ||||
Thiamin | EAR adult→EARchild | yes | yes | ||
EAR adult→AI 7–12m | yes | yes | |||
Riboflavin | EAR adult→EARchild | yes | yes | ||
AI 0–6m →AI 7–12m | yes | no | |||
Niacin | EAR adult→EARchild | yes | yes | ||
EAR adult→AI 7–12m | yes | yes | |||
UL adult →UL child | yes | no | |||
Vitamin B6 | EAR adult→EARchild | yes | yes | ||
AI 7–12m from mean of extrapolations: | |||||
AI 0–6m →AI 7–12m | |||||
EAR adult→AI 7–12m | yes | no | |||
UL adult →UL child | yes | yes | |||
yes | no | ||||
Folate | AI 0–6m →AI 7–12m | yes | no | ||
EAR adult→AI 7–12m | yes | yes | |||
EAR adult→EARchild | yes | yes | |||
UL adult →UL child | yes | no | |||
Vitamin B12 | EAR adult→EARchild | yes | yes | ||
EAR adult→AI 7–12m | yes | yes | |||
Vitamin C | AI 0–6m →AI 7–12m | yes | no | ||
EAR adult→EARchild | no | no | |||
Vitamin E | AI 0–6m →AI 7–12m | yes | no | ||
EAR adult→EARchild | yes | yes | |||
Selenium | AI 0–6m →AI 7–12m | yes | no | ||
EAR adult→EARchild | yes | yes |
NOTE: When data are insufficient, the estimated average requirement (EAR) or adequate intake (AI) for infants or children can be extrapolated down by scaling the requirements for adults to the 0.75 power of body mass.
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