Sustainability's Role in Enhancing Airport Capacity (2018)

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10 Literature Search The Research Team conducted a literature search in three stages. First, a literature search was conducted to identify airport initiatives that enhanced capacity while incorporating sustainability concepts, along with contacts at those airports to interview. The Research Team compiled an initial list of airports and their relevant initiatives by searching for applicable projects among FAA Airport Improvement Program (AIP) grant recipients, the FAA sus- tainability webpage, Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) certified proj- ects, Envision rating system projects, and NextGen initiatives that incorporated sustainability concepts. The Team also reviewed the Sustainable Aviation Guidance Alliance (SAGA) data- base, filtering for sustainable practices that included case study examples, sorted through industry conference agendas (Airports Going Green, Airports Council International-North America/Airport Consultants Council Planning and NEPA Workshop, and so forth), and undertook additional general desktop research. The Research Team also solicited recommen- dations from the ACRP Project 11-03/Topic S02-17 panel members and aviation industry contacts, such as the TRB Standing Committee on Environmental Impacts of Aviation and the Airports Council International-North America Environmental Affairs Committee Sustain- ability Working Group. Finally, the Team cross-referenced the initial recommended list of projects against other projects listed in earlier ACRP synthesis publications (ACRP Synthesis 66, ACRP Synthesis 69, and ACRP Synthesis 77) to ensure the report does not repeat a case example of an airport project. The second literature search stage involved reviewing documentation relevant to each air- port project that was selected as a case example. Prior to and after each interview, the Research Team reviewed relevant documents for each project, such as project websites, sustainability policies and reports, and newsletters. The Research Team asked interviewees for any additional documentation unavailable online that would provide insight about the project. These resources were all reviewed by the Team to complement the lessons learned, effective practices, and tools revealed during the interviews. The third literature search stage consisted of exploration within academic and transportation practitioner databases. The Research Team sought studies related to capacity and sustainability, communicating sustainability, and other key themes of this synthesis report research. To carry out this aspect of the literature search, the Research Team used the aviation subject area of the Transport Research International Documentation database. Key search words and phrases included “sustainability AND community,” “sustainability AND communicating,” “sustainabil- ity AND capacity,” and “sustainability AND communications.” Similar search terms were used with Google Scholar, the U.S. Department of Transportation’s Office of the Assistant Secretary for Research and Technology National Transportation Library, and ScienceDirect. C H A P T E R 2 Method

Method 11 Interviews of Airport Personnel Prior to conducting any interviews, the Research Team drafted a set of interview questions. The questions were designed to (a) gain insight into how and why sustainability concepts were incorporated into airport capacity-enhancing projects, (b) ascertain the communication methods used to conduct outreach about these projects, and (c) understand how the inclusion of a sustain- ability approach affected stakeholder acceptance of the projects. The questions were grouped into the following categories: • Interview Participant Information • Overall Airport Context and Sustainability Planning • Project Information • Regulatory Process • How Sustainability Was Integrated in the Project • Outreach and Engagement Methods • Lessons Learned • Follow Up/Next Steps The draft questions were reviewed by the ACRP Project 11-03/Topic S02-17 panel and finalized once all edits and comments were incorporated. The final interview questions are listed in Appen- dix D. The questions served as a guide during interviews with airport contacts and were sent to the interviewees beforehand. Airport contacts were identified through a combination of soliciting contact information through the panel members and using the Research Team’s existing network of contacts. From the compiled list of airports with capacity-enhancing projects that incorporated sustainability concepts, the Research Team first reached out to those that had garnered the most positive feedback from panel members. Outreach was discontinued to airport contacts who did not respond after multiple follow-up attempts and interviews were not pursued with airport contacts whose projects did not fit with the intent of the research. In total, the Team reached out to 12 airport contacts, with 7 selected for an interview. All airport contacts con- sented to having their airport named in this report. Details on each airport and their capacity- enhancing project are in Table 1. Details on each interviewee and the date of each interview are in Appendix C. All interviews were conducted over the phone for approximately 1 h. Airport Code State FAA Region1 Project Name United States Austin-Bergstrom International Airport AUS TX ASW 6,095,545 Consolidated Rental Car Facility (CONRAC) O’Hare International Airport ORD IL AGL 37,589,899 O’Hare ModernizationProgram Orlando International Airport MCO FL ASO 20,283,541 Intermodal TerminalFacility San Diego International Airport SAN CA AWP 10,340,164 Green Build Project Seattle-Tacoma International Airport SEA WA ANM 21,887,110 Baggage Handling System Optimization Tampa International Airport TPA FL ASO 9,194,994 Three-Phase CapitalImprovement Program International Vancouver International Airport YVR BC N/A 22,284,496 Strategic Plan and Project Screening Tool 1ANM, AWP, and AAL (Western); AGL, ACE, and ASW (Central); ANE, AEA, and ASO (Eastern). Enplanements (2016) Table 1. Overview of airport project case examples examined in this report.