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Using Recycled Asphalt Shingles with Warm Mix Asphalt Technologies (2018)

Chapter: Appendix A - Contractor Mixture Designs and Quality Control Data

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Suggested Citation:"Appendix A - Contractor Mixture Designs and Quality Control Data." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2018. Using Recycled Asphalt Shingles with Warm Mix Asphalt Technologies. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/25185.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix A - Contractor Mixture Designs and Quality Control Data." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2018. Using Recycled Asphalt Shingles with Warm Mix Asphalt Technologies. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/25185.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix A - Contractor Mixture Designs and Quality Control Data." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2018. Using Recycled Asphalt Shingles with Warm Mix Asphalt Technologies. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/25185.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix A - Contractor Mixture Designs and Quality Control Data." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2018. Using Recycled Asphalt Shingles with Warm Mix Asphalt Technologies. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/25185.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix A - Contractor Mixture Designs and Quality Control Data." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2018. Using Recycled Asphalt Shingles with Warm Mix Asphalt Technologies. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/25185.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix A - Contractor Mixture Designs and Quality Control Data." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2018. Using Recycled Asphalt Shingles with Warm Mix Asphalt Technologies. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/25185.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix A - Contractor Mixture Designs and Quality Control Data." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2018. Using Recycled Asphalt Shingles with Warm Mix Asphalt Technologies. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/25185.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix A - Contractor Mixture Designs and Quality Control Data." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2018. Using Recycled Asphalt Shingles with Warm Mix Asphalt Technologies. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/25185.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix A - Contractor Mixture Designs and Quality Control Data." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2018. Using Recycled Asphalt Shingles with Warm Mix Asphalt Technologies. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/25185.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix A - Contractor Mixture Designs and Quality Control Data." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2018. Using Recycled Asphalt Shingles with Warm Mix Asphalt Technologies. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/25185.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix A - Contractor Mixture Designs and Quality Control Data." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2018. Using Recycled Asphalt Shingles with Warm Mix Asphalt Technologies. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/25185.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix A - Contractor Mixture Designs and Quality Control Data." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2018. Using Recycled Asphalt Shingles with Warm Mix Asphalt Technologies. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/25185.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix A - Contractor Mixture Designs and Quality Control Data." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2018. Using Recycled Asphalt Shingles with Warm Mix Asphalt Technologies. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/25185.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix A - Contractor Mixture Designs and Quality Control Data." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2018. Using Recycled Asphalt Shingles with Warm Mix Asphalt Technologies. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/25185.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix A - Contractor Mixture Designs and Quality Control Data." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2018. Using Recycled Asphalt Shingles with Warm Mix Asphalt Technologies. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/25185.
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148 Contractor Mixture Designs and Quality Control Data A P P E N D I X A

149 Figure A-1. Contractor mix design for Wisconsin.

150 Sieve Size Percent Passing JMFa Controla Rediset Zycotherm Tolerance 19.0 mm (3/4 in.) 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100 12.5 mm (1/2 in.) 96.9 96.1 96.7 96.8 91.4–100 9.5 mm (3/8 in.) 89.3 89.8 89.2 89.0 83.8–94.8 4.75 mm (No. 4) 76.2 75.8 74.8 74.1 na 2.36 mm (No. 8) 55.9 57.2 55.8 54.6 50.9–60.9 1.18 mm (No. 16) 41.7 43.3 42.3 40.7 na 0.60 mm (No. 30) 30.9 33.2 32.3 30.5 na 0.30 mm (No. 50) 16.1 18.0 17.4 15.8 na 0.15 mm (No. 100) 6.8 7.3 6.9 6.2 na 0.075 mm (No. 200) 4.2 4.5 4.2 3.8 2.2–6.2 Note: na = not applicable. aNo WMA technology. Table A-1a. Wisconsin quality control gradation. Variable JMFa Controla Rediset Zycotherm Tolerance Asphalt content (%) 5.4 5.4 5.4 5.5 5.0–5.8 Air voids (%) 4.0 3.9 4.0 4.2 2.7–5.3 VMA (%) 14.5 14.8 14.7 15.0 >13.5 VFA (%) 72.4 73.5 72.6 72.0 na D/B ratio 0.90 1.00 0.90 0.80 na Note: na = not applicable. aNo WMA technology. Table A-1b. Wisconsin quality control asphalt content and volumetric properties.

151 Figure A-2a. Contractor mix design for Alabama.

152 Figure A-2b. Contractor mix design for Alabama.

153 Figure A-2c. Contractor mix design for Alabama.

154 Figure A-2d. Contractor mix design for Alabama.

155 Sieve Size Percent Passing JMFa Low Air Void WMA (Gencor foam) Low Air Void HMAa Adjusted Air Void WMA (Gencor foam) Adjusted Air Void HMAa Tolerance 19.0 mm (3/4 in.) 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 ± 7 12.5 mm (1/2 in.) 97.0 92.0 94.5 95.0 93.0 ± 7 9.5 mm (3/8 in.) 90.0 83.0 86.0 88.0 86.5 ± 7 4.75 mm (No. 4) 64.0 61.0 65.5 67.3 65.0 ± 7 2.36 mm (No. 8) 48.0 45.0 48.0 48.0 47.5 ± 4 1.18 mm (No. 16) 39.0 36.0 38.5 39.0 37.0 ± 4 0.60 mm (No. 30) 29.0 26.0 28.0 27.8 27.0 ± 4 0.30 mm (No. 50) 16.0 15.0 15.5 15.0 14.5 ± 4 0.15 mm (No. 100) 10.0 8.0 8.5 8.0 8.0 ± 4 0.075 mm (No. 200) 6.5 5.4 6.1 5.6 5.3 ± 2 aNo WMA technology. Table A-2a. Alabama quality control gradations. Variable JMFa Low Air Void WMA (Gencor foam) Low Air Void HMAa Adjusted Air Void WMA (Gencor foam) Adjusted Air Void HMAa Tolerance Asphalt content (%) 5.1 5.8 5.2 5.3 5.2 ± 0.31 b Air voids (%) 4.1 2.7 3.2 3.8 4.1 ± 1.25b VMA (%) 15.5 14.7 14.8 15.4 15.4 >15.0 VFA (%) 73.8 81.5 78.5 75.3 73.3 na D/A ratio 1.29 0.98 1.2 1.1 1.1 na Note: na = not applicable. aNo WMA technology. bBased on results of four or more tests. Table A-2b. Alabama quality control asphalt content and volumetric properties.

156 Figure A-3. Contractor mix design for Tennessee.

157 Sieve Size Percent Passing JMFa HMAa WMA (Evotherm 3G) Tolerance 19.0 mm (3/4 in.) 100.0 100.0 100.0 ± 5.7 12.5 mm (1/2 in.) 98.0 100.0 100.0 ± 5.7 9.5 mm (3/8 in.) 88.0 95.7 96.2 ± 5.7 4.75 mm (No. 4) 59.0 90.1 84.6 ± 4.0 2.36 mm (No. 8) 41.0 60.8 57.1 ± 3.3 1.18 mm (No. 16) na 43.3 38.0 ± 3.3 0.60 mm (No. 30) 23.0 21.9 19.8 ± 3.3 0.30 mm (No. 50) 14.0 13.8 12.1 ± 3.3 0.15 mm (No. 100) 7.9 8.4 7.3 ± 1.6 0.075 mm (No. 200) 5.1 5.9 5.1 ± 1.6 Note: na = not applicable. aNo WMA technology. Table A-3a. Tennessee quality control gradations. Variable JMFa HMAa WMA (Evotherm 3G) Tolerance Asphalt content (%) 5.70 5.6 5.5 ± 0.25b Air voids (%) 3.8 3.6 4.1 3–5.5b VMA (%) 17.4 16.9 17.3 >14.0 VFA (%) 78.3 79.1 76.4 na D/B ratio 0.90 1.05 0.93 0.6–1.2 Note: na = not applicable. aNo WMA technology. bBased on results of four or more tests. Table A-3b. Tennessee quality control asphalt content and volumetric properties.

158 Figure A-4. Contractor mix design for North Carolina PC–RAS.

159 Figure A-5. Contractor mix design for North Carolina MW–RAS.

160 Sieve Size Percent Passing MW–RAS JMFa MW–RAS HMAa MW–RAS WMA (Evotherm 3G) Tolerance 19.0 mm (3/4 in.) 100.0 100.0 100.0 na 12.5 mm (1/2 in.) 100.0 99.0 99.0 na 9.5 mm (3/8 in.) 96.0 95.3 94.0 na 4.75 mm (No. 4) 72.0 73.7 72.5 na 2.36 mm (No. 8) 57.0 58.3 57.5 ± 8.0 1.18 mm (No. 16) 42.0 44.0 43.5 na 0.60 mm (No. 30) 29.0 30.3 30.0 na 0.30 mm (No. 50) 16.0 16.3 17.0 na 0.15 mm (No. 100) 10.0 8.7 9.0 na 0.075 mm (No. 200) 6.2 5.9 5.7 ± 2.5 Note: na = not applicable. aNo WMA technology. Table A-4a. North Carolina MW–RAS quality control gradations. Sieve Size Percent Passing PC–RAS JMFa PC–RAS HMAa PC–RAS WMA (Evotherm 3G) Tolerance 19.0 mm (3/4 in.) 100.0 100.0 100.0 na 12.5 mm (1/2 in.) 100.0 99.3 99.0 na 9.5 mm (3/8 in.) 96.0 95.7 95.0 na 4.75 mm (No. 4) 72.0 73.7 73.5 na 2.36 mm (No. 8) 57.0 57.7 58.0 ± 8.0 1.18 mm (No. 16) 42.0 43.3 44.5 na 0.60 mm (No. 30) 29.0 30.3 31.0 na 0.30 mm (No. 50) 16.0 17.0 17.0 na 0.15 mm (No. 100) 10.0 9.3 9.5 na 0.075 mm (No. 200) 6.2 6.1 6.3 ± 2.5 Note: na = not applicable. aNo WMA technology. Table A-5a. North Carolina PC–RAS quality control gradations. Variable PC–RAS JMFa PC–RAS HMAa PC–RAS WMA (Evotherm 3G) Tolerance Asphalt content (%) 5.4 5.4 5.4 ± 0.7 Air voids (%) 4.0 3.6 3.7 ± 2.0 VMA (%) 16.1 15.7 15.7 >15.0 VFA (%) 74.9 77.0 76.0 na D/B ratio 1.16 1.17 1.15 na Note: na = not applicable. aNo WMA technology. Table A-5b. North Carolina PC–RAS quality control asphalt content and volumetric properties.

161 INDIANA DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION MATERIALS AND TESTS DIVISION 2015 HMA DMF/JMF per 401/402 HMA PRODUCER : RIETH-RILEY CONSTRUCTION CO. INC. PLANT LOCATION : LAPORTE, IN CERTIFIED PLANT NUMBER: 3365 APPROVED DESIGN LAB : 5105 Aggregate Size Source Source # Q-Number Ledges Gsb DMF % JMF % Dolo. Test (YES/NO)? Sample Per Tons of IN # 11 LIMESTONE HANSON - FRAN. 2440 Q-022198 4 2.772 25.0% 28.0% IN # 11 SLAG SOUTH SHORE 2473 Q-082244 2.421 10.0% 7.0% FM 20 COARSE HANSON - THORN. 2472 Q-982104 101,102,201,402,103,404,405 2.650 27.0% 25.0% QA 24 SLAG SAND SOUTH SHORE 2473 Q-082244 2.755 13.0% 17.0% IN 23/24 NATURAL SAND RIETH RILEY - SB 2498 Q-982095 2.601 7.0% 6.0% SHINGLES RIETH RILEY - LP 3365 2.500 3.0% 2.0% SURFACE MILLINGS RIETH RILEY - LP 3365 2.640 15.0% 15.0% PG BINDER Source Source # Binder % RAS Binder Replacement % Virgin Binder % 64-22 INTERSTATE AMEROPAN 7216 DMF 9.2% 21.2% 5.1% JMF 6.7% 19.7% 4.8% Additives/ Fibers/ Etc. Source Source # Fine Coarse RAS Design Number 154556 J DMF - Fine RAP/ Coarse RAP/ RAS in mixture, % 15.0% 0.0% 3.0%DMF - Fine RAP/ Coarse RAP/ RAS binder, extracted, % 5.2% 0.0% 20.0% Comments: JMF - Fine RAP/ Coarse RAP/ RAS in mixture, % 15.0% 0.0% 2.0% JMF - Fine RAP/ Coarse RAP/ RAS binder, extracted, % 5.2% 0.0% 20.0% DMF JMF Ignition Oven Test Temperature (oF)/ (oC) 800 F/ 427 C Base PG-Design Grade 64-22 Binder, ignition ( actual ), % 6.5% 6.0% Mixture course Surface Binder, extracted,% 6.4% 5.9% Mixture designation 9.5 mm Extraction required? Yes* or No NO Maximum particle size 12.5 mm Binder,calculatedeffective,% 5.2% 4.7% Spec DMF Mass JMF Mass Volume Gyrations Nini / Ndes / Nmax 7/75/115 %Pass 37.5 mm 100 100.0 100.0 Mass gyratory pill @ Ndes, g 4775 4800 %Pass 25.0 mm 100 100.0 100.0 Gmm 2.478 2.500 %Pass 19.0 mm 100 100.0 100.0 Gmm w/ dry back? Yes or No YES %Pass 12.5 mm 100 100.0 100.0 Gmm % @ Nini / Nmax 86.82%/97.26% %Pass 9.5 mm 90-100 92.7 93.0 Gmb @ Ndes 2.376 2.401 %Pass 4.75 mm <90 67.7 67.1 Air Voids @ Ndes, % 4.0% %Pass 2.36 mm 32-67 44.6 43.6 VMA @ Ndes, % 16.4% 15.6% %Pass 1.18 mm 28.2 27.5 VFA @ Ndes, % 75.6% 74.4% % Pass 600 µm 18.9 18.4 Coarse agg. ang. 1 / 2 face, % 99.1%/96.6% % Pass 300 µm 12.2 12.1 Fine aggregateangularity 44.4 % Pass 150 µm 8.0 7.9 Sand equivalency 79.5 % Pass 75 µm 2-10 6.1 5.9 Dust/calculated effective binder 1.2 1.3 Aggregate blend Gsb 2.657 2.675 Tensile strength ratio, % 92.1% HMA WMA Draindown, % (SMA or OG only) Base PG-Plant Min Temp (oF) 275 N/A Pba 1.26% 1.06% Base PG-Plant Max Temp (oF) 315 VCADRC/VCAMIX (SMA only >1) Mix compaction Temp ( 9ºF) 300 MAF by DTE for PE/PS 1.000 * Extraction Note - Written request required, submit w / DMF PRODUCER: Luke Bensing DMF DATE: JMF DATE: 05/20/15 07/10/15 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- DTE SIGNATURE: DMF DATE: JMF DATE: 06/09/15 07/13/15 Figure A-6. Contractor mix design for Indiana.

162 Sieve Size Percent Passing JMFa HMAa WMA (Maxam Aquablack Foam) Tolerance 19.0 mm (3/4 in.) 100.0 100.0 100.0 na 12.5 mm (1/2 in.) 100.0 100.0 100.0 100 maximum 9.5 mm (3/8 in.) 93.0 94.6 94.1 90–100 4.75 mm (No. 4) 67.1 69.1 68.7 62.1–72.1 2.36 mm (No. 8) 43.6 46.4 46.1 35.6–51.6 1.18 mm (No. 16) 27.5 31.2 30.5 21.5–33.5 0.60 mm (No. 30) 18.4 20.8 20.2 14.4–22.4 0.30 mm (No. 50) 12.1 12.8 12.5 8.1–16.1 0.15 mm (No. 100) 7.9 8.2 8.0 4.9–10.9 0.075 mm (No. 200) 5.9 6.0 5.8 4.4–7.4 Note: na = not applicable. aNo WMA technology. Table A-6a. Indiana quality control gradations. Variable JMFa HMAa WMA (Maxam Aquablack Foam) Tolerance Asphalt content (%) 6.0 5.8 5.8 ± 0.5 Air voids (%) 4.0 3.1 3.6 3.0–5.0 VMA (%) 15.6 15.9 16.2 14.5–17.0 VFA (%) 74.4 80.3 78.0 na D/B ratio 1.30 1.10 1.06 na Note: na = not applicable. aNo WMA technology. Table A-6b. Indiana quality control asphalt content and volumetric properties.

Next: Appendix B - Activation Energy for Recycled Asphalt Shingle Binders and Dispersion of RAS in Asphalt Mixtures »
Using Recycled Asphalt Shingles with Warm Mix Asphalt Technologies Get This Book
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Using Recycled Asphalt Shingles with Warm Mix Asphalt Technologies
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TRB's National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Research Report 890: Using Recycled Asphalt Shingles with Warm Mix Asphalt Technologies documents the development of a design and evaluation procedure that provides acceptable performance of asphalt mixtures incorporating warm mix asphalt (WMA) technologies and recycled asphalt shingles (RAS)—with and without recycled asphalt pavement (RAP)—for project-specific service conditions.

Since the introduction of the first WMA technologies in the U.S. about a decade ago, it has quickly become widely used due to reduced emissions and production costs of mixing asphalt at a lower temperature. The use of RAS has increased significantly over the past 10 years primarily due to spikes in virgin asphalt prices between 2008 and 2015. The report addresses the amount of mixing between RAS binders and virgin binders when WMA is used.

It provides additional guidance for designing, producing, and constructing asphalt mixtures that use both RAS and WMA to address several gaps in the state-of-the-knowledge on how these two technologies work, or perhaps, don’t work together.

The report also identifies ways to minimize the risk of premature failure due to designing and producing mixes containing WMA technologies and RAS with poor constructability and durability.

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