References

Blackstone, N. T. 2018. Local and regional food systems in sustainable diets. Presentation, National Academies Workshop, Washington, DC, August 1. http://www.nationalacademies.org/hmd/~/media/Files/Activity%20Files/Nutrition/FoodForum/August%202018/14%20BlackstoneFood%20Forum20180802.pdf (accessed January 21, 2019).

Blackstone, N. T., N. H. El-Abbadi, M. S. McCabe, T. S. Griffin, and M. E. Nelson. 2018. Linking sustainability to the healthy eating patterns of the Dietary Guidelines for Americans: A modeling study. Lancet Planet Health 2(8):e344–e352.

Boehm, R., P. E. Wilde, M. Ver Ploeg, C. Costello, and S. B. Cash. 2018. A comprehensive life cycle assessment of greenhouse gas emissions from U.S. household food choice. Food Policy 79:67–76. doi: 10.1016/j.foodpol.2018.05.004.

Bray, G. A., and B. M. Popkin. 1998. Dietary fat does affect obesity! American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 68(6):1157–1173.

Bray, G. A., S. J. Nielsen, and B. M. Popkin. 2004. Consumption of high-fructose corn syrup in beverages may play a role in the epidemic of obesity. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 79(4):537–543.

Bruinsma, J. 2009. The resource outlook to 2050: By how much do land, water and crop yields need to increase by 2050? Conference paper in How to Feed the World in 2050. Proceedings of a Technical Meeting of Experts, Rome, Italy, June 24–26, 2009. Rome, Italy: FAO. http://www.fao.org/docrep/012/ak542e/ak542e00.htm (accessed September 25, 2018).

Bryngelsson, D., S. Wirsenius, F. Hedenus, and U. Sonesson. 2016. How can the EU climate targets be met? A combined analysis of technological and demand-side changes in food and agriculture. Food Policy 56:152–164. doi: 10.1016/j.foodpol.2015.12.012.

CDFA (California Department of Food and Agriculture). 2018. California agricultural statistics review, 2016–2017. https://www.cdfa.ca.gov/Statistics/PDFs/2016-17AgReport.pdf (accessed December 11, 2018).

CFR (Council on Foreign Relations). 2013. Food price volatility and insecurity.https://www.cfr.org/backgrounder/food-price-volatility-and-insecurity (accessed December 6, 2018).

Clancy, K., and K. Ruhf. 2010. Is local enough? Some arguments for regional food systems. Choices 25(1). http://www.choicesmagazine.org/magazine/article.php?article=114 (accessed September 29, 2018).

Clark, M. A. 2018. How diets affect human health and environmental sustainability. Ph.D. dissertation, University of Minnesota. https://conservancy.umn.edu/bitstream/handle/11299/199093/Clark_umn_0130E_19120.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y (accessed December 10, 2018).

CNBC. 2017. Home food delivery is surging thanks to ease of online ordering, new study shows.https://www.cnbc.com/2017/07/12/home-food-delivery-is-surging-thanks-to-easeof-online-ordering-new-study-shows.html (accessed December 6, 2018).

Colasanti, K., J. Hardy, J. Farbman, R. Pirog, J. Fisk, and M. Hamm. 2018. Findings of the 2017 National Food Hub Survey. East Lansing, MI: Michigan State University Center for Regional Food Systems & The Wallace Center at Winrock International. http://www.canr.msu.edu/resources/2017-food-hub-survey (accessed September 29, 2018).

Crino, M., G. Sacks, S. Vandevijvere, B. Swinburn, and B. Neal. 2015. The influence on population weight gain and obesity of the macronutrient composition and energy density of the food supply. Current Obesity Reports 4(1):1–10.

Crotty, P. 1993. The value of qualitative research in nutrition. Annual Review of Health Social Sciences 3(1):109–118.

Davies, P. 2004. Sociology and policy science: Just in time? The British Journal of Sociology 55(3):447–450.

de Castro, J. 2000. Eating behavior: Lessons from the real world of humans. New York: Elsevier Science. https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/99b7/13e482dbdc350c8130127f6d701a02a80659.pdf (accessed January 4, 2019).

de Onis, M., M. Blössner, and E. Borghi. 2010. Global prevalence and trends of overweight and obesity among preschool children. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 92(5):1257–1264.

de Onis, M., M. Blössner, and E. Borghi. 2012. Prevalence and trends of stunting among preschool children, 1990–2020. Public Health Nutrition 15(1):142–148.

Development Initiatives. 2017. Global Nutrition Report 2017: Nourishing the SDGs. Bristol, UK: Development Initiatives.

Dewey, K. G., and B. S. Vitta. 2013. Strategies for ensuring adequate nutrient intake for infants and young children during the period of complementary feeding. A&T Technical Brief, Issue 7. Washington, DC: Alive and Thrive.

Diaz, R. J., and R. Rosenberg. 2008. Spreading dead zones and consequences for marine ecosystems. Science 321(5891):926–929.

Downs, S. M., A. Payne, and J. Fanzo. 2017. The development and application of a sustainable diets framework for policy analysis: A case study of Nepal. Food Policy 70:40–49. doi: 10.1016/j.foodpol.2017.05.005.

Drewnowski, A. 2017. Uses of nutrient profiling to address public health needs: From regulation to reformulation. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 76(3):220–229.

Drewnowski, A., and V. Fulgoni III. 2008. Nutrient profiling of foods: Creating a nutrient-rich food index. Nutrition Reviews 66(1):23–39.

Drewnowski, A., and B. M. Popkin. 2009. The nutrition transition: New trends in the global diet. Nutrition Reviews 55(2):31–43.

EIA (U.S. Energy Information Administration). 2012. Annual energy outlook 2012: With projections to 2035. Washington, DC: EIA. https://www.eia.gov/outlooks/aeo/pdf/0383(2012).pdf (accessed September 18, 2018).

Elliot, C. 2014. Food as people: Teenagers’ perspectives on food personalities and implications for healthy eating. Social Science & Medicine 121:85–90. doi: 10.1016/j. socscimed.2014.09.044.

EPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency). 2012. Global anthropogenic non-CO₂ greenhouse gas emissions: 1990–2030. Washington, DC: Office of Atmospheric Programs, Climate Change Division, EPA. https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2016-05/documents/epa_global_nonco2_projections_dec2012.pdf (accessed September 18, 2018).

EPA. 2017. U.S. greenhouse gas inventory report: 1990–2014.https://www.epa.gov/ghgemissions/us-greenhouse-gas-inventory-report-1990-2014 (accessed December 21, 2018).

Fanzo, J., S. Downs, Q. E. Marshall, S. de Pee, and M. W. Bloem. 2017. Value chain focus on food and nutrition security. In Nutrition and health in a developing world, 3rd ed., edited by S. de Pee, D. Taren, and M. W. Bloem. New York: Springer International Publishing. Pp. 753–770.

FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization). 2006. Livestock’s long shadow: Environmental issues and options. Rome, Italy: FAO. http://www.fao.org/docrep/010/a0701e/a0701e.pdf (accessed September 12, 2018).

FAO. 2009. The state of food and agriculture 2009. Rome, Italy: FAO. http://www.fao.org/3/a-i0680e.pdf (accessed November 9, 2018).

FAO. 2011. The state of the world’s land and water resources for food and agriculture: Managing systems at risk. Rome, Italy: FAO. http://www.fao.org/docrep/017/i1688e/i1688e (accessed September 18, 2018).

FAO. 2012a. Save food: Global initiative on food loss and waste reduction. Rome, Italy: FAO. http://www.fao.org/save-food/resources/keyfindings/en (accessed January 4, 2019).

FAO. 2012b. Sustainable diets and biodiversity: Directions and solutions for policy, research and action. Proceedings of the International Scientific Symposium, Biodiversity and Sustainable Diets United Against Hunger, November 2010, Rome, Italy. http://www.fao.org/docrep/016/i3004e/i3004e.pdf (accessed September 3, 2018).

FAO. 2013a. The state of food and agriculture 2013. Rome, Italy: FAO. http://www.fao.org/docrep/018/i3300e/i3300e.pdf (accessed September 10, 2018).

FAO. 2013b. Tackling climate change through livestock: A global assessment of emissions and mitigation opportunities. Rome, Italy: FAO. http://www.fao.org/3/a-i3437e.pdf (accessed September 10, 2018).

FAO. 2014. Developing sustainable food value chains: Guiding principles. Rome, Italy: FAO. http://www.fao.org/3/a-i3953e.pdf (accessed September 26, 2018).

FAO. 2016. Environmental performance of animal feeds supply chains: Guidelines for quantification. Version 1. Rome, Italy: FAO. http://www.fao.org/3/a-i6433e.pdf (accessed September 13, 2018).

FAO. 2017a. FAOSTAT database. Rome, Italy: FAO. http://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#home (accessed September 26, 2018).

FAO. 2017b. How can value chains be shaped to improve nutrition? Summary of the online consultation no. 138. Rome, Italy: FAO. http://www.fao.org/3/a-i7605e.pdf (accessed September 26, 2018).

FAO, IFAD (International Fund for Agricultural Development), UNICEF (United Nations Children’s Fund), WFP (World Food Programme), and WHO (World Health Organization). 2018. The state of food security and nutrition in the world, 2018. http://www.fao.org/3/I9553EN/i9553en.pdf (accessed September 24, 2018).

Fischer, C. G., and T. Garnett. 2016. Plates, pyramids, planet: Developments in national healthy and sustainable dietary guidelines: A state of play assessment. Rome, Italy, and Oxford, UK: FAO and Food Climate Research Network. http://www.fao.org/3/a-i5640e.pdf (accessed September 27, 2018).

Foley, J. A., R. Defries, G. P. Asner, C. Barford, G. Bonan, S. R. Carpenter, F. S. Chapin, M. T. Coe, G. C. Daily, H. K. Gibbs, J. H. Helkowski, T. Holloway, E. A. Howard, C. J. Kucharik, C. Monfreda, J. A. Patz, I. C. Prentice, N. Ramankutty, and P. K. Snyder. 2005. Global consequences of land use. Science 309(5734):570–574.

Folke, C., S. R. Carpenter, B. Walker, M. Scheffer, T. Chapin, and J. Rockström. 2010. Resilience thinking: Integrating resilience, adaptability and transformability. Ecology and Society 15(4):20. http://www.ecologyandsociety.org/vol15/iss4/art20 (accessed December 7, 2018).

Froetschel, M. A., C. L. Ross, R. L. Stewart Jr., M. J. Azain, P. Michot, and R. Rekaya. 2014. Nutritional value of ensiled grocery food waste for cattle. Journal of Animal Science 92(11):5124–5133.

Garnett, T. 2014. Three perspectives on sustainable food security: Efficiency, demand restraint, food system transformation. What role for life cycle assessment? Journal of Cleaner Production 73(15):10–18.

Gerber, P. J., T. Vellinga, C. Opio, and H. Steinfeld. 2011. Productivity gains and greenhouse gas intensity in dairy systems. Livestock Science 139:100–108.

Gill, M., P. Smith, and J. M. Wilkinson. 2010. Mitigating climate change: The role of domestic livestock. Animal 4(3):323–333.

GLOPAN (Global Panel on Agriculture and Food Systems for Nutrition). 2016. Food systems and diets: Facing the challenges of the 21st century. http://glopan.org/sites/default/files/ForesightReport.pdf (accessed September 18, 2018).

Graziose, M. M., and I. Y. H. Ang. 2018. Factors related to fruit and vegetable consumption at lunch among elementary students: A scoping review. Preventing Chronic Disease 15:E55. doi: 10.5888/pcd15.170373.

Gunders, D. 2012. How America is losing up to 40 percent of its food from farm to fork to landfill (Issue Paper: 12-06-B). Washington, DC: Natural Resources Defense Council. https://www.nrdc.org/sites/default/files/wasted-food-IP.pdf (accessed January 4, 2019)

Gussow, J. D. 1991. Chicken Little, tomato sauce, and agriculture: Who will produce tomorrow’s food? New York: Bootstrap Press.

Gustafson, D., A. Gutman, W. Leet, A. Drewnowski, J. Fanzo, and J. Ingram. 2016. Seven food system metrics of sustainable nutrition security. Sustainability 8(3):196. doi: 10.3390/su8030196.

Hallström, E., A. Carlsson-Kanyama, and P. Börjesson. 2015. Environmental impact of dietary change: A systematic review. Journal of Cleaner Production 91(15):1–11.

Hedenus, F., S. Wirsenius, and D. J. A. Johansson. 2014. The importance of reduced meat and dairy consumption for meeting stringent climate change targets. Climate Change 134(1-2):79–91.

Heller, M. C., and G. A. Keoleian. 2014a. Greenhouse gas emission estimates of U.S. dietary choices and food loss. Journal of Industrial Ecology. doi: 10.1111/jiec.12174.

Heller, M. C., and G. A. Keoleian. 2014b. Greenhouse gas emission estimates of the U.S. diet: Aligning nutritional recommendations with environmental concerns. Proceedings of the 9th International Conference LCA of Food, San Francisco, October 8–10.

Heller, M. C., and G. A. Keoleian. 2015. Greenhouse gas emission estimates of U.S. dietary choices and food loss. Journal of Industrial Ecology 19(3):391–401. doi: 10.1111/jiec.12174.

Heller, M. C., A. Willits-Smith, R. Meyer, G. A. Keoleian, and D. Rose. 2018. Greenhouse gas emissions and energy use associated with production of individual self-selected U.S. diets. Environmental Research Letters 13(4):044004. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5964346 (accessed September 12, 2018).

HLPE (High Level Panel of Experts on Food Security and Nutrition). 2017. Nutrition and food systems: A report by the Committee on World Food Security’s High Level Panel of Experts on Food Security and Nutrition. http://www.fao.org/3/a-i7846e.pdf (accessed September 18, 2018).

Holland, K. 2018. What are the 12 leading causes of death in the United States? Healthline, November 1. https://www.healthline.com/health/leading-causes-of-death (accessed December 6, 2018).

Houghton, R. A. 2008. Carbon flux to the atmosphere from land-use changes: 1850–2005. In TRENDS: A Compendium of Data on Global Change. http://cdiac.ess-dive.lbl.gov/trends/landuse/houghton/houghton (accessed September 18, 2018).

Houghton, R. A., J. I. House, J. Pongratz, G. R. van der Werf, R. S. DeFries, M. C. Hansen, C. Le Quérre, and N. Ramankutty. 2012. Carbon emissions from land use and land-cover change. Biogeosciences 9:5125–5142. doi: 10.5194/bg-9-5125-2012.

IEA (International Energy Agency). 2012. World Energy Outlook 2012.https://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/WEO2012_free.pdf (accessed September 18, 2018).

IFPRI (Veolia Water North America and International Food Policy Research Institute). 2011. Sustaining growth via water productivity: 2030/2050 scenarios. Washington, DC, and Chicago, IL: IFPRI. http://growingblue.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/05/IFPRI_VEOLIA_STUDY_2011.pdf (accessed January 21, 2019).

Imamura, F., R. Micha, S. Khatibzadeh, S. Fahimi, P. Shi, J. Powles, D. Mozaffarian, and Global Burden of Diseases Nutrition and Chronic Diseases Expert Group (NutriCoDE). 2015. Dietary quality among men and women in 187 countries in 1990 and 2010: A systematic assessment. Lancet Global Health 3(3):e132–e142.

Izumi, B. T., C. L. Eckhardt, J. A. Hallman, K. Herro, and D. A. Barberis. 2015. Harvest for Healthy Kids pilot study: Associations between exposure to a farm-to-preschool intervention and willingness to try and liking of target fruits and vegetables among low-income children in Head Start. Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics 115(12):2003–2013.

Johnson, R., R. A. Aussenberg, and T. Cowan. 2013. The role of local food systems in U.S. farm policy. Report R42155. Washington, DC: U.S. Congressional Research Service.

Johnston, J. L., J. C. Fanzo, and B. Cogill. 2014. Understanding sustainable diets: A descriptive analysis of the determinants and processes that influence diets and their impact on health, food security, and environmental sustainability. Advances in Nutrition 5(4):418–429.

Joyce, A., S. Dixon, J. Comfort, and J. Hallett. 2012. Reducing the environmental impact of dietary choice: Perspectives from a behavioural and social change approach. Journal of Environmental and Public Health 2012:978672. doi: 10.1155/2012/978672.

Khoury, C. K., A. D. Bjorkman, H. Dempewolf, J. Ramirez-Villegas, L. Guarino, A. Jarvis, L. H. Rieseberg, and P. C. Struik. 2014. Increasing homogeneity in global food supplies and the implications for food security. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 111(11):4001–4006.

King, R. P., M. S. Hand, G. DiGiacomo, K. Clancy, M. I. Gómez, S. D. Hardesty, L. Lev, and E. W. McLaughlin. 2010. Comparing the structure, size, and performance of local and mainstream food supply chains. ERR-99. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service.

Le Port, A., T. Bernard, M. Hidrobo, O. Birba, R. Rawat, and M. T. Ruel. 2017. Delivery of iron-fortified yoghurt, through a dairy value chain program, increases hemoglobin concentration among children 24 to 59 months old in Northern Senegal: A cluster-randomized control trial. PLoS ONE 12(2):e0172198.

Lea, E., and A. Worsley. 2003. Benefits and barriers to the consumption of a vegetarian diet in Australia. Public Health Nutrition 6(5):505–511.

Lindquist, E. J., R. D’Annunzio, A. Gerrand, K. MacDicken, F. Achard, R. Beuchle, A. Brink, H. D. Eva, P. Mayaux, J. San-Miguel-Ayanz, and H.-J. Stibig. 2012. Global forest land-use change 1990–2005. FAO forestry paper no. 169. Rome, Italy: FAO and JRC (European Commission Joint Research Centre). http://www.fao.org/docrep/017/i3110e/i3110e.pdf (accessed December 7, 2018).

Low, S. A., A. Adalja, E. Beaulieu, N. Key, S. Martinez, A. Perez, K. Ralston, H. Stewart, S. Suttles, S. Vogel, and B. R. B. Jablonski. 2015. Trends in U.S. local and regional food systems: A report to Congress. AP-068. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service.

Lubungu, M. 2017. Factors affecting the livestock herd size among smallholder households in Zambia. Tropical Animal Health and Production 49(8):1607–1612.

Macdiarmid, J. 2013. Is a healthy diet an environmentally sustainable diet? Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 72(1):13–20.

Macdiarmid, J., J. Kyle, G.W. Horgan, J. Loe, C. Fyfe, A. Johnstone, and G. McNeil. 2012. Sustainable diets for the future: Can we contribute to reducing greenhouse gas emissions by eating a healthy diet? American Journal of Nutrition 96(3):632–639.

Macdiarmid, J. I., F. Douglas, and J. Campbell. 2016. Eating like there’s no tomorrow: Public awareness of the environmental impact of food and reluctance to eat less meat as part of a sustainable diet. Appetite 96:487–493. doi: 10.1016/j.appet.2015.10.011.

Macdiarmid, J. I., H. Clark, S. Whybrow, H. de Ruiter, and G. McNeill. 2018. Assessing national nutrition security: The U.K. reliance on imports to meet population energy and nutrient recommendations. PLoS ONE 13(2):e0192649.

Mason, P., and T. Lang. 2017. Sustainable diets. How ecological nutrition can transform consumption and the food system. London, UK: Routledge.

Mazur, R., D. Nakimbugwe, M. Ugen, H. K. Musoke, and H. Vasanthakaalam. 2009. Enhancing nutritional value and marketability of beans through research and strengthening key value chain stakeholders in Uganda and Rwanda. In Dry Grain Pulses Collaborative Research Support Program (CRSP): 2009 technical highlights. Washington, DC: U.S. Agency for International Development. Pp. 14–23.

Mitloehner, F. 2016. Livestock’s contributions to climate change: Facts and fiction [White paper]. http://cekern.ucanr.edu/files/256942.pdf (accessed January 4, 2019).

NASEM (National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine). 2017. Redesigning the process for establishing the Dietary Guidelines for Americans. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/24883.

Nelson, G., M. Rosegrant, J. Koo, R. Robertson, T. Sulser, T. Zhu, C. Ringler, S. Msangi, A. Palazzo, M. Batka, M. Magalhães, R. Valmonte-Santos, M. Ewing, and D. Lee. 2009. Climate change: Impact on agriculture and costs of adaptation. doi: 10.2499/0896295354.

Nelson, M. E., M. W. Hamm, F. B. Hu, S. A. Abrams, and T. S. Griffin. 2016. Alignment of healthy dietary patterns and environmental sustainability: A systematic review. Advances in Nutrition 7(6):1005–1025.

Nicholson, C. F., X. He, M. I. Gómez, H. O. Gao, and E. Hill. 2015. Environmental and economic impacts of localizing food systems: The case of dairy supply chains in the Northeastern United States. Environmental Sciences & Technology 49(20):12005–12014.

Okin, G. S. 2017. Environmental impacts of food consumption by dogs and cats. PLoS ONE 12(8):e0181301. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0181301.

Payne, C. L. R., P. Scarborough, and L. Cobiac. 2016. Do low-carbon-emission diets lead to higher nutritional quality and positive health outcomes? A systematic review of the literature. Public Health Nutrition 19(14):2654–2661.

Peters, C. J., J. Picardy, J. L. Wilkins, T. S. Griffin, G. W. Fick, and A. F. Darrouzet-Nardi. 2016. Carrying capacity of U.S. agricultural land: Ten diet scenarios. Elementa: Science of the Anthropocene 4. doi: 10.12952/journal.elementa.000116.

Pew-MacArthur Results First Initiative. 2014. Evidence-based policymaking: A guide for effective government. https://www.pewtrusts.org/-/media/assets/2014/11/evidencebasedpolicymakingaguideforeffectivegovernment.pdf (accessed September 19, 2018).

Popp, A., H. Lotze-Campen, and B. Bodirsky. 2010. Food consumption, diet shifts and associated non-CO₂ greenhouse gases from agricultural production. Global Environmental Change 20(3):451–462.

Ramankutty, N., A. T. Evan, C. Monfreda, and J. A. Foley. 2008. Farming the planet: 1. Geographic distribution of global agricultural lands in the year 2000. Global Biogeochemical Cycles 22(1). doi: 10.1029/2007GB002952.

Ranganathan, J., D. Vennard, R. Waite, B. Lipinski, T. Searchinger, and GLOBAGRI-WRR Model Authors. 2016. Shifting diets for a sustainable food future. Washington, DC: World Resources Institute. https://wriorg.s3.amazonaws.com/s3fs-public/Shifting_Diets_for_a_Sustainable_Food_Future_1.pdf (accessed September 19, 2018).

Rich, N. 2018. Losing earth: The decade we almost stopped climate change. The New York Times, August 1. https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2018/08/01/magazine/climatechange-losing-earth.html (accessed December 7, 2018).

Robinson, S., D. Mason-D’Croz, T. Sulser, S. Islam, R. Robertson, T. Zhu, A. Gueneau, G. Pitois, and M. W. Rosegrant. 2015. The International Model for Policy Analysis of Agricultural Commodities and Trade (IMPACT): Model description for version 3. Discussion paper 1483. Washington, DC: International Food Policy Research Institute. doi: 10.2139/ssrn.2741234.

Rose, D., M. C. Heller, and C. A. Roberto. 2018. Position of the society for nutrition education and behavior: The importance of including environmental sustainability in dietary guidance. Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior 118(5):913–919.

Roser, M. 2018. Future population growth. https://ourworldindata.org/future-population-growth (accessed December 24, 2018).

Smith, M. R., and S. S. Myers. 2018. Impact of anthropogenic CO₂ emissions on global human nutrition. Nature Climate Change 8:834–839. doi: 10.1038/s41558-018-0253-3.

Smith, M. R., R. Micha, C. D. Golden, D. Mozaffarian, and S. S. Myers. 2016. Global Expanded Nutrient Supply (GENuS) model: A new method for estimating the global dietary supply of nutrients. PLoS ONE 11(1):e0146976.

Springmann, M., H. C. Godfray, M. Rayner, and P. Scarborough. 2016a. Analysis and valuation of the health and climate change cobenefits of dietary change. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 113(15):4146–4151.

Springmann, M., D. Mason-D’Croz, S. Robinson, T. Garnett, H. C. Godfray, D. Gollin, M. Rayner, P. Ballon, and P. Scarborough. 2016b. Global and regional health effects of future food production under climate change: A modelling study. The Lancet 387(10031):1937–1946.

Springmann, M., K. Wiebe, D. Mason-D’Croz, T. B. Sulser, M. Rayner, and P. Scarborough. 2018. Health and nutritional aspects of sustainable diet strategies and their association with environmental impacts: A global modelling analysis with country-level detail. The Lancet 2(10):e451–e461.

Stein, A. J., and M. Qaim. 2007. The human and economic cost of hidden hunger. Food and Nutrition Bulletin 28(2):125–134.

Sutcliffe, S., and J. Court. 2005. Evidence-based policymaking: What is it? How does it work? What relevance for developing countries? London, UK: Overseas Development Institute.

Tichenor, N. E., C. J. Peters, G. A. Norris, G. Thoma, and T. S. Griffin. 2017. Life cycle environmental consequences of grass-fed and dairy beef productions in the Northeastern United States. Journal of Cleaner Production 142(4):1619–1628.

Tilman, D., and M. Clark. 2014. Global diets link environmental sustainability and human health. Nature 515(7528):518–522.

Tilman, D., J. Fargione, B. Wolff, C. D’Antonio, A. Dobson, R. Howarth, D. Schindler, W. H. Schlesinger, D. Simberloff, and D. Swackhamer. 2001. Forecasting agriculturally driven global environmental change. Science 292(5515):281–284.

Tilman, D., C. Balzer, J. Hill, and B. L. Befort. 2011. Global food demand and the sustainable intensification of agriculture. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 108(50):20260–20264.

Tilman, D., M. Clark, D. R. Williams, K. Kimmel, S. Polasky, and C. Packer. 2017. Future threats to biodiversity and pathways to their prevention. Nature 546(7656):73–81.

Tom, M. S., P. S. Fischbeck, and C. T. Hendrickson. 2016. Energy use, blue water footprint, and greenhouse gas emissions for current food consumption patterns and dietary recommendations in the U.S. Environmental Systems & Decisions 36(1):92–103.

Turnwald, B. P., D. Z. Boles, and A. J. Crum. 2017. Association between indulgent descriptions and vegetable consumption: Twisted carrots and dynamite beets. Journal of the American Medical Association Internal Medicine 177(8):1216–1218.

UC (University of California) Agricultural Issues Center. 2009. The measure of California agriculture. http://aic.ucdavis.edu/publications/moca/moca09/moca09_forematter.pdf (accessed December 21, 2018).

UNDESA (United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs). 2014. World urbanization prospects: The 2014 revision, highlights (ST/ESA/SER.A/352). https://www.compassion.com/multimedia/world-urbanization-prospects.pdf (accessed December 6, 2018).

UNDESA. 2017. World population prospects: The 2017 revision, key findings and advance tables.https://esa.un.org/unpd/wpp/publications/files/wpp2017_keyfindings.pdf (accessed September 18, 2018).

USDA (U.S. Department of Agriculture). 2018. Long-term agricultural projections.https://www.usda.gov/oce/commodity/projections (accessed December 6, 2018).

Vermeulen, S. J., B. M. Campbell, and J. S. I. Ingram. 2012. Climate change and food systems. Annual Review of Environment and Resources 37:195–222. doi: 10.1146/annurev-environ-020411-130608.

Vitousek, P. M., H. A. Mooney, J. Lubchenco, and J. M. Melillo. 1997. Human domination of Earth’s ecosystems. Science 277(5325):494–499.

Wang, T. 2006. China—pork powerhouse of the world. Beijing, China: China Agricultural University, Jinnai Agribusiness Research Center.

Webb, P., and E. Kennedy. 2014. Impacts of agriculture on nutrition: Nature of the evidence and research gaps. Food and Nutrition Bulletin 35(1):126–132.

WHO (World Health Organization). 2009. Global health risks: Mortality and burden of disease attributable to selected major risks. Geneva, Switzerland: WHO.

WHO and FAO. 1998. Preparation and use of food-based dietary guidelines. WHO Technical Report Series. Geneva, Switzerland: WHO.

Wiggins, S., and S. Keats. 2014. Future diets: Implications for agriculture and food prices. London, UK: Overseas Development Institute. https://www.odi.org/sites/odi.org.uk/files/odi-assets/publications-opinion-files/8776.pdf (accessed September 19, 2018).

Wilde, P. 2015. Running out of food. Journal of Health Affairs 34(11). doi: 10.1377/hlthaff.2015.1130.

Wood, S. A., M. R. Smith, J. Fanzo, R. Remans, and R. S. DeFries. 2018. Trade and the equitability of global food nutrient distribution. Nature Sustainability 1:34–37.

World Bank and IHME (Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation). 2016. The cost of air pollution. Washington, DC: World Bank.

WWAP (World Water Assessment Programme). 2012. Managing water under uncertainty and risk. United Nations World Water Development Report 4 (Vol. 1). Paris, France: United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization. http://www.unesco.org/new/fileadmin/MULTIMEDIA/HQ/SC/pdf/WWDR4%20Volume%201-Managing%20Water%20under%20Uncertainty%20and%20Risk.pdf (accessed December 7, 2018).

Young, E., and L. Quinn. 2002. Writing effective public policy papers: A guide for policy advisors in Central and Eastern Europe. Budapest, Hungary: Open Society Institute.

This page intentionally left blank.