Design Considerations for Airport EOCs (2018)

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82 Section 3 Roles and Responsibilities ACRP Report 103: A Guidebook for Integrating NIMS for Personnel and Resources at Airports, H. Stambaugh, M. Argabright, H. Benaman, and M. Cheston, Transportation Research Board of the National Academies, Washington, D.C., 2014. Section 4 Planning Processes “Building and Exercising Your Command Center,” Steven C. Davis, All Hands Consulting, www.davislogic.com/ BuildandEXyourEOC.pps. “Emergency Operations Center (EOC)—Design, Operation and Management,” Dave Roop, TIFAC-IDRiM Conference, Oct. 2015, Delhi, India. http://www.academia.edu/18067421/EMERGENCY_OPERATIONS_ CENTER_EOC_-_DESIGN_OPERATION_and_MANAGEMENT. “Emergency Operations Center Assessment Checklist,” FEMA (website) https://www.fema.gov/emergency- operations-center-assessment-checklist. 2000 Emergency Response: A Guidebook for First Responders During the Initial Phase of a Dangerous Goods/ Hazardous Materials Incident, USDOT, 2000. Airport Command Center, Phoenix Sky Harbor International Airport, Final Draft Report, Counter Technology, Inc., January 30, 2004. Aviation’s Continuing Critical Vulnerabilities to Vehicle-Borne Improvised Explosive Devices, Individual Suicide Bombers, Suitcase Explosive Devices Attack at Airports, Billie H. Vincent, October 2012, www.asi-transec.com. Common Issues in Emergency Transportation Operations Preparedness and Response: Results of the FHWA Workshop Series, Houston, Nancy. Booz Allen Hamilton, Federal Highway Administration, 2007, 16p, http://trid.trb.org/ view/807151. Abstract: Between May 2002 and June 2005, the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) and Booz Allen Hamilton conducted workshops on Transportation Operations Preparedness and Response in 30 regions across the United States. This report consolidates the common issues identified during the 30 workshops. Issues are not presented in priority order, but rather have been grouped in common categories. The cate- gories are as follows: Interagency Coordination and Communication; Emergency Operations; Equipment; Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS); Mutual Aid; Threat Notification, Awareness, and Information Sharing; Policy; and Threat and Vulnerability. Continuity of Operations Plans for Transportation Agencies, Edwards, Frances L., and Goodrich, Daniel C. Mineta Transportation Institute; San Jose State University; California Department of Transportation; Department of Homeland Security; Research and Innovative Technology Administration, 2011, 684p, http://trid.trb.org/ view/1124548. Abstract: This report covers the research conducted to determine how to integrate Continuity of Operations/ Continuity of Government Plan (COOP/COG) into the overall NIMS approach to emergency management for a state-level transportation agency. It provides an approach to align the COOP/COG element of the state DOT with the state DOT’s emergency operations center (EOC). It provides checklists that show the Sources Related to Key Technical Sections

Sources Related to Key Technical Sections 83 primary functions of each state-level transportation agency EOC position. It provides training materials on the system and the relationships among EOC positions. Emergency Operations Centers Handbook, Federal Emergency Management Agency, CPG 1–20, May 1984. Generic Continuity of Operations/Continuity of Government Plan for State-Level Transportation Agencies. Edwards, Frances, L., Goodrich, D. C., and Medigovich, W. M. San Jose State University; California Department of Transportation; Department of Homeland Security; Research and Innovative Technology Administration, 2011, 101p, http://trid.trb.org/view/1118138. Abstract: The Homeland Security Presidential Directive 20 (HSPD-20) requires all local, state, tribal, and territorial government agencies, as well as private-sector owners of critical infrastructure and key resources (CI/KR) to create a Continuity of Operations/Continuity of Government Plan (COOP/COG). There is planning and training guidance for generic transportation agency COOP/COG work. This report covers the research conducted to determine how to integrate COOP/COG into the overall NIMS approach to emer- gency management, including a connection between the EOC and the COOP/COG activity. Handbook of Emergency Management for State-Level Transportation Agencies, Edwards, Frances L., and Goodrich, Daniel C. San Jose State University, California Department of Transportation, Department of Homeland Security; Research and Special Programs Administration, 2010, 114p, http://trid.trb.org/view/918699. Abstract: This report describes a research project intended to lay the groundwork for establishing priorities that would lead to a mature management capability for public agencies for emergencies, disasters, and catastrophes. State transportation agencies are required to have plans for the continuity of their government functions during any catastrophic disaster, as well as for the continuation of the essential services that they provide. This report outlines the hierarchy of emergency plans. Appendices include lists and templates. Ideal EOC, http://www.emergencymgmt.com/disaster/Ideal-EOC.html. Recommended Security Guidelines for Airport Planning, Design and Construction, TSA, May 2011. TCRP Research Results Digest 87: Emergency Preparedness, Response, and Recovery in the Transit Industry, Trans- portation Research Board of the National Academies, Washington, D.C., 2008, 38p, http://trid.trb.org/ view/859150. Abstract: This digest summarizes the mission performed March 16–31, 2007, under TCRP Project J-03, “International Transit Studies Program.” It includes an overview of the mission that investigated emergency preparedness programs in the public transportation systems in several Asian cities (Hong Kong, Beijing, Tangshan, Seoul, Kobe, and Tokyo). The report begins in Section I with general observations by the mission team about the state of transit emergency preparedness in the cities visited. In Section II, information gathered about the policies and programs in place in each of the transit environments is provided. Section III shows how the different transit systems manage key emergency functions, including the following: control centers, IT and telecommunications, interagency coordination, public communications, and evacuation planning. Utility Systems Terrorism Countermeasures for Command, Control, Communications, Computer, Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance (C4ISR) Facilities, Department of the Army, 21 February 2006. Section 5 Site Selection Building and Exercising Your Command Center, Steven C. Davis, All Hands Consulting. www.davislogic.com/ BuildandEXyourEOC.pps Emergency Operations Center (EOC)—Design, Operation and Management, Dave Roop, TIFAC-IDRiM Conference, Oct. 2015, Delhi, India. http://www.academia.edu/18067421/EMERGENCY_OPERATIONS_CENTER_ EOC_-_DESIGN_OPERATION_and_MANAGEMENT. “Emergency Operations Center Assessment Checklist,” FEMA (website). https://www.fema.gov/emergency- operations-center-assessment-checklist. 2000 Emergency Response Guidebook, USDOT, 2000 Airport Command Center, Phoenix Sky Harbor International Airport, Final Draft Report, Counter Technology, Inc., January 30, 2004. Aviation’s Continuing Critical Vulnerabilities to Vehicle-Borne Improvised Explosive Devices, Individual Suicide Bombers, Suitcase Explosive Devices Attack at Airports, Billie H. Vincent, October 2012, www.asi-transec.com.

84 Design Considerations for Airport EOCs Bomb Threat Stand-Off Distances, FBI/NCTC, http://www.nctc.gov/witsbanner/docs/2009_report_on_ terrorism.pdf Building and Infrastructure Protection Series, Reference Manual to Mitigate Potential Terrorist Attacks Against Buildings, Department of Homeland Security, FEMA-/426BIPS-06, October 2011 Common Issues in Emergency Transportation Operations Preparedness and Response: Results of the FHWA Workshop Series. Houston, Nancy. Booz Allen Hamilton; Federal Highway Administration, 2007, 16p, http://trid.trb.org/ view/807151. Abstract: Between May 2002 and June 2005, the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) and Booz Allen Hamilton conducted workshops on Transportation Operations Preparedness and Response in 30 regions across the United States. This report consolidates the common issues identified during the 30 workshops. Issues are not presented in priority order, but rather have been grouped in common categories. The catego- ries are as follows: Interagency Coordination and Communication; Emergency Operations; Equipment; ITS; Mutual Aid; Threat Notification, Awareness, and Information Sharing; Policy; and Threat and Vulnerability. Continuity of Operations Plans for Transportation Agencies. Edwards, Frances L.; Goodrich, Daniel C. Mineta Transportation Institute; San Jose State University; California Department of Transportation; Department of Homeland Security; Research and Innovative Technology Administration, 2011, 684p, http://trid.trb.org/ view/1124548. Abstract: This report covers the research conducted to determine how to integrate Continuity of Operations/ Continuity of Government Plan (COOP/COG) into the overall NIMS approach to emergency management for a state-level transportation agency. It provides an approach to align the COOP/COG element of the state DOT with the state DOT’s emergency operations center (EOC). It provides checklists that show the primary functions of each state-level transportation agency EOC position. It provides training materials on the system and the relationships among EOC positions. Emergency Operations Centers Handbook, Federal Emergency Management Agency, CPG 1–20, May 1984. Exploring Terrorist Targeting Preferences, Martin C. Libicke, Peter Chalk, and Melanie Sissons, The Rand Corpo- ration, 2007 Generic Continuity of Operations/Continuity of Government Plan for State-Level Transportation Agencies. Edwards, Frances L., Goodrich, D. C., and Medigovich, W. M. San Jose State University; California Department of Transportation; Department of Homeland Security; Research and Innovative Technology Administration, 2011, 101p, http://trid.trb.org/view/1118138. Abstract: The Homeland Security Presidential Directive 20 (HSPD-20) requires all local, state, tribal and territorial government agencies, and private-sector owners of critical infrastructure and key resources (CI/KR) to create a Continuity of Operations/Continuity of Government Plan (COOP/COG). There is planning and training guidance for generic transportation agency COOP/COG work. This report covers the research conducted to determine how to integrate COOP/COG into the overall NIMS approach to emergency management, including a connection between the emergency operations center (EOC) and the COOP/COG activity. Handbook of Emergency Management for State-Level Transportation Agencies. Edwards, Frances L.; Goodrich, Daniel C. San Jose State University; California Department of Transportation; Department of Homeland Security; Research and Special Programs Administration, 2010, 114p. http://trid.trb.org/view/918699. Abstract: This report describes a research project intended to lay the groundwork for establishing priorities that would lead to a mature management capability for public agencies for emergencies, disasters and catastrophes. State transportation agencies are required to have plans for the continuity of their government functions during any catastrophic disaster, as well as for the continuation of the essential services that they provide. This report outlines the hierarchy of emergency plans. Appendices include lists and templates. Ideal EOC, http://www.emergencymgmt.com/disaster/Ideal-EOC.html. Recommended Security Guidelines for Airport Planning, Design and Construction, TSA, May 2011 TCRP Research Results Digest 87: Emergency Preparedness, Response, and Recovery in the Transit Industry, Transportation Research Board of the National Academies, Washington, D.C., 2008, 38p, http://trid.trb.org/ view/859150. Abstract: This digest summarizes the mission performed March 16–31, 2007, under TCRP Project J-03, “International Transit Studies Program.” It includes an overview of the mission that investigated emergency

Sources Related to Key Technical Sections 85 preparedness programs in the public transportation systems in several Asian cities (Hong Kong, Beijing, Tangshan, Seoul, Kobe, and Tokyo). The report begins in Section I with general observations by the mission team about the state of transit emergency preparedness in the cities visited. In Section II, information gathered about the policies and programs in place in each of the transit environments is provided. Section III shows how the different transit systems manage key emergency functions, including the following: control centers, IT and telecommunications, interagency coordination, public communications, and evacuation planning. Utility Systems Terrorism Countermeasures for Command, Control, Communications, Computer, Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance (C4ISR) Facilities, Department of the Army, 21 February 2006 Section 6 Ergonomic and Human Factors 2000 Emergency Response Guidebook, USDOT, 2000 A Design Language for EOC Facilities: “Some thoughts on basic design approaches by Art Botterell,” (http://flghc.org/ ppt/09-10/TS%20EM7.pdf – Governor’s Hurricane Conference): • Seating: Boardroom, Mission Control, Marketplace, Bullseye “Emergency Operations Center Project Development and Capabilities Assessment,” State of Florida Division of Emergency Management. • Architects Design Group, Inc., http://www.floridadisaster.org/Response/engineers/eoc/eocguide.pdf. Airport Command Center, Phoenix Sky Harbor International Airport, Final Draft Report, Counter Technology, Inc., January 30, 2004. Architectural Lighting Design, 3rd ed., Gary Steffy, New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2008. Building and Exercising Your Command Center, Steven C. Davis, All Hands Consulting, www.davislogic.com/ BuildandEXyourEOC.pps. “Emergency Operations Center Assessment Checklist,” FEMA (website), https://www.fema.gov/emergency- operations-center-assessment-checklist. Emergency Operations Center (EOC)—Design, Operation and Management, Dave Roop, TIFAC-IDRiM Conference, Oct. 2015, Delhi, India, http://www.academia.edu/18067421/EMERGENCY_OPERATIONS_CENTER_ EOC_-_DESIGN_OPERATION_and_MANAGEMENT. Emergency Operations Centers Handbook, Federal Emergency Management Agency, CPG 1–20, May, 1984. Getting the Big Picture. ITS International, Volume 20, Issue 3, 2014, pp. NA5-NA6, http://trid.trb.org/view/1322448. Abstract: A new emergency management facility in Morris County, New Jersey, began operations last fall, using advanced visualization and communications technology. Planning for the facility began in 2007, and it serves as an addition to a public safety complex that serves most of Morris County. A variety of sources relay information to the facility, allowing situations to be monitored in real time. Specialists aggregate data feeds to provide useful visual information. The emergency center must be able to function under any condition, from earthquakes to electrical failure. The building has redundant systems, so that staff can continue work- ing through catastrophic events. There are plans for additional emergency centers to be built in the region, which will be able to share networks with the Morris County facility, allowing emergency centers across the state to help each other in emergencies. Ideal EOC, Emergency Management, http://www.emergencymgmt.com/disaster/Ideal-EOC.html. Information Sharing Guidebook for Transportation Management Centers, Emergency Operations Centers, and Fusion Centers. Booz Allen Hamilton, HNTB Corporation, Federal Highway Administration, Houston, N., Wiegmann, J., Marshall, R., Kandarpa, R., Korsak, J., Baldwin, C., Sangillo, J., Knisely, S., Graham, K., and Easton, A. V., 2010, 144p, http://trid.trb.org/view/980782. Abstract: This guidebook provides an overview of the mission and functions of transportation management centers, emergency operations centers, and fusion centers. The guidebook focuses on the types of informa- tion these centers produce and manage and how the sharing of such information among the centers can be beneficial to both the day-to-day and emergency operations of all the centers. Challenges exist to the ability to share information, and the guidebook addresses these challenges and options for handling them. The guidebook also provides some lessons learned and best practices identified from a literature search and interviews/site visits with center operators.

86 Design Considerations for Airport EOCs Meeting the Expanding Operational and Security Related Demands on Operations Control Centers. Lengyel, Dennis. 2008 American Public Transportation Association (APTA) Rail Conference, American Public Transportation Association, 2008, 6p, http://trid.trb.org/view/874578. Abstract: This paper describes how transit agencies have always relied on their operational control centers (OCCs) in order to improve the efficiency of their operations. Today the OCC and the operational staff are being tasked to play a role in security and incident management on both the railroad and in the region. These incidents can range from service disruptions to major weather or security-related events. To meet these new demands, the OCC must be designed to collect, process, and display information from more than the traditional train control and security control and data acquisition–/(SCADA-) related equipment on the property. The OCC must also function as a source of real time information for customer service personnel, transit police, and local and regional EOCs. In addition, the threats against transit systems–both physical and cyber—have dictated that OCC designs also include increased emphasis on security considerations. Although the OCC is not safety critical from a signaling perspective, these facilities have become mission critical with a growing number of properties implementing backup centers. These new demands on the functionality and performance of the OCC have led to new architectures and technologies used in recent OCC designs and implementations. People Size 2008 (anthropometric database). Open Ergonomics. http://www.openerg.com/psz/anthropometry_ data.html. Room-to-Room Privacy and Acoustical Design Criteria, J. T. Weissenburger, SV Sound and Vibration, 2004. Standard Guide for Emergency Operations Center (EOC) Development, ASTM, http://www.astm.org/DHS/E2668.pdf. The Lighting Handbook: Reference & Application, 10th Ed., Illuminating Engineering Society of North America, 2011. www.lightingdesignlab.com/sites/default/files/pdf/Footcandle_Lighting%20Guide_ Rev.072013.pdf UFC 4-141-04 Emergency Operations Center Planning and Design, with Change 1, DOD, 9/1/2008, http://www. wbdg.org/FFC/DOD/UFC/ufc_4_141_04_2008_c1.pdf. Unified Facilities Criteria (UFC) DOD Minimum Antiterrorism Standards for Buildings, DoD, 9 February 2012, UFC 4-010-01. Unified Facilities Criteria (UFC) DOD Security Engineering Facilities Planning Manual, UFC 4-020-01, DoD, 11 September 2008. www.acoustics.com/conference_room.asp. Section 7 Architectural Considerations 2000 Emergency Response Guidebook, USDOT, 2000. Airport Command Center: Phoenix Sky Harbor International Airport, Final Draft Report, Counter Technology, Inc., January 30, 2004. Architectural Lighting Design, 3rd ed., Gary Steffy, New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2008. www.acoustics.com/ conference_room.asp. Aviation’s Continuing Critical Vulnerabilities to Vehicle-Borne Improvised Explosive Devices, Individual Suicide Bombers, Suitcase Explosive Devices Attack at Airports, B. H. Vincent, October 2012, www.asi-transec.com. Building and Exercising Your Command Center, S. C. Davis, All Hands Consulting, www.davislogic.com/ BuildandEXyourEOC.pps. Building and Infrastructure Protection Series, Reference Manual to Mitigate Potential Terrorist Attacks Against Buildings, Department of Homeland Security, FEMA-/426BIPS-06, October 2011. Bomb Threat Stand-Off Distances, FBI/NCTC, http://www.nctc.gov/witsbanner/docs/2009_report_on_ terrorism.pdf. A Design Language for EOC Facilities: “Some thoughts on basic design approaches by Art Botterell,”(http://flghc.org/ ppt/09-10/TS%20EM7.pdf – Governor’s Hurricane Conference): • Seating: Boardroom, Mission Control, Marketplace, Bullseye “Emergency Operations Center Project Development and Capabilities Assessment,” State of Florida Division of Emergency Management. • Architects Design Group, Inc., http://www.floridadisaster.org/Response/engineers/eoc/eocguide.pdf.

Sources Related to Key Technical Sections 87 “Emergency Operations Center Assessment Checklist,” FEMA (website), https://www.fema.gov/emergency- operations-center-assessment-checklist. Emergency Operations Centers Handbook, Federal Emergency Management Agency, CPG 1–20, May, 1984. Exploring Terrorist Targeting Preferences, M. C. Libicke, Chalk P., and Sissons, Melanie, The Rand Corporation, 2007. Getting the Big Picture. ITS International, Volume 20, Issue 3, 2014, pp. NA5-NA6, http://trid.trb.org/view/1322448. Abstract: A new emergency management facility in Morris County, New Jersey, began operations last fall, using advanced visualization and communications technology. Planning for the facility began in 2007, and it serves as an addition to a public safety complex that serves most of Morris County. A variety of sources relay information to the facility, allowing situations to be monitored in real time. Specialists aggregate data feeds to provide useful visual information. The emergency center must be able to function under any condition, from earthquakes to electrical failure. The building has redundant systems, so that staff can continue work- ing through catastrophic events. There are plans for additional emergency centers to be built in the region, which will be able to share networks with the Morris County facility, allowing emergency centers across the state to help each other in emergencies. (FOUO) Homeland Security Threat Assessment, Executive Summary, Department of Homeland Security, August 2007. Ideal EOC, Emergency Management, http://www.emergencymgmt.com/disaster/Ideal-EOC.html. Implementing Security Improvement Options at Los Angeles International Airport, Donald Stevens, et al., The Rand Corporation, 2006. Information Sharing Guidebook for Transportation Management Centers, Emergency Operations Centers, and Fusion Centers. Booz Allen Hamilton, HNTB Corporation, Federal Highway Administration, Houston, N., Wiegmann, J., Marshall, R., Kandarpa, R., Korsak, J., Baldwin, C., Sangillo, J., Knisely, S., Graham, K., and Easton, A. V., 2010, 144p, http://trid.trb.org/view/980782. (FOUO) Improvised Explosives Devices, US Army TRADOC, July 2008 (FOUO) Incidents at US Airports May Suggest Possible Pre-Attack Probing, TSA, Transportation Intelligence Gazette, 20 July 2077 The Lighting Handbook: Reference & Application, 10th Ed., Illuminating Engineering Society of North America, 2011. www.lightingdesignlab.com/sites/default/files/pdf/Footcandle_Lighting%20Guide_Rev.072013.pdf. Meeting the Expanding Operational and Security Related Demands on Operations Control Centers. Lengyel, Dennis. 2008 American Public Transportation Association (APTA) Rail Conference, American Public Transportation Association, 2008, 6 p, http://trid.trb.org/view/874578. Abstract: This paper describes how transit agencies have always relied on their OCCs in order to improve the efficiency of their operations. Today the OCC and the operational staff are being tasked to play a role in security and incident management on both the railroad and in the region. These incidents can range from service disruptions to major weather or security-related events. To meet these new demands, the OCC must be designed to collect, process, and display information from more than the traditional train control and security control and data acquisition–/(SCADA-) related equipment on the property. The OCC must also function as a source of real time information for customer service personnel, transit police, and local and regional EOCs. In addition, the threats against transit systems–both physical and cyber—have dictated that OCC designs also include increased emphasis on security considerations. Although the OCC is not safety critical from a signaling perspective, these facilities have become mission critical with a growing number of properties implementing backup centers. These new demands on the functionality and performance of the OCC have led to new architectures and technologies used in recent OCC designs and implementations. Recommended Security Guidelines for Airport Planning, Design and Construction, TSA, May 2011. Room-to-Room Privacy and Acoustical Design Criteria, J. T. Weissenburger, SV Sound and Vibration, 2004. Standard Guide for Emergency Operations Center (EOC) Development, ASTM, http://www.astm.org/DHS/ E2668.pdf. UFC 4-141-04 Emergency Operations Center Planning and Design, with Change 1, DOD, 9/1/2008, http://www. wbdg.org/FFC/DOD/UFC/ufc_4_141_04_2008_c1.pdf.

88 Design Considerations for Airport EOCs TCRP Research Results Digest 87: Emergency Preparedness, Response, and Recovery in the Transit Industry, Trans- portation Research Board of the National Academies, Washington, D.C., 2008, 38p, http://trid.trb.org/ view/859150. Abstract: This digest summarizes the mission performed March 16–31, 2007, under TCRP Project J-03, “International Transit Studies Program.” It includes an overview of the mission that investigated emergency preparedness programs in the public transportation systems in several Asian cities (Hong Kong, Beijing, Tangshan, Seoul, Kobe, and Tokyo). The report begins in Section I with general observations by the mission team about the state of transit emergency preparedness in the cities visited. In Section II, information gathered about the policies and programs in place in each of the transit environments is provided. Section III shows how the different transit systems manage key emergency functions, including the following: control centers, IT and telecommunications, interagency coordination, public communications, and evacuation planning. Unified Facilities Criteria (UFC) DoD Minimum Antiterrorism Standards for Buildings, DoD, 9 February 2012, UFC 4-010-01. Unified Facilities Criteria (UFC) DoD Security Engineering Facilities Planning Manual, UFC 4-020-01, DoD, 11 September 2008. Utility Systems Terrorism Countermeasures for Command, Control, Communications, Computer, Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance (C4ISR) Facilities, Department of the Army, 21 February 2006 (FOUO) Vehicle Bomb Mitigation Guide, US Air Force Handbook, 1 April 2006