Implications of Connected and Automated Driving Systems, Vol. 3: Legal Modification Prioritization and Harmonization Analysis (2018)

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NCHRP Web-Only Document 253, Vol. 3: Legal Modification Prioritization and Harmonization Analysis 74 An Act to Regulate the Testing of Vehicles with Autonomous Technology; and for Other Purposes, AK General Assembly, H.B. 1754 Act 797, Apr. 1, 2017. http://www.arkleg.state.ar.us/assembly/2017/2017R/Acts/Act797.pdf Bosch Media Service. IAA2017: New conceptions for mobility – Bosch business benefits from transformation of mobility [Press Release], Sep. 12, 2017. http://www.bosch- presse.de/pressportal/de/en/iaa-2017-new-conceptions-for-mobility-%E2%80%93-bosch-business- benefits-from-transformation-of-mobility-125056.html# California Department of Motor Vehicles. Buying a vehicle from out of state – can you register it in California? (FFVR 29), 2014. https://www.dmv.ca.gov/portal/dmv/?1dmy&urile=wcm:path:/dmv_content_en/dmv/pubs/brochures/ fast_facts/ffvr29. California Department of Motor Vehicles. Autonomous vehicles in California, 2017. https://www.dmv.ca.gov/portal/dmv/detail/vr/autonomous/bkgd California Environmental Protection Agency. Before you buy a car out of state… make sure you can drive it in California!, n.d. https://www.arb.ca.gov/msprog/NonCAVeh/NonCAVeh.pdf. California Environmental Protection Agency. California’s advanced clean cars midterm review: Summary report for the technical analysis of the light duty vehicle standards, 2017. https://www.arb.ca.gov/msprog/acc/mtr/acc_mtr_finalreport_full.pdf. CA Senate SB-431, Vehicle Code § 21703 and 21705, Vehicles: driver-assistive truck platooning, 2015. http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billStatusClient.xhtml?bill_id=201520160SB431 CA Veh. Cod., Ch. 1, Div. 1, Title 13, Article 3.7., 2017. https://www.dmv.ca.gov/portal/wcm/connect/caa2f466-fe0f-454a-a461- f5d7a079de49/avexpressterms_31017.pdf?MOD=AJPERES CA Veh. Cod. Ch. 1, Div. 1, Title 13, Article 3.7 § 227.02, 2017. https://www.dmv.ca.gov/portal/wcm/connect/caa2f466-fe0f-454a-a461- f5d7a079de49/avexpressterms_31017.pdf?MOD=AJPERES CA Veh. Cod. Ch. 1, Div. 1, Title 13, Article 3.7 § 228.26, 2017. https://www.dmv.ca.gov/portal/wcm/connect/caa2f466-fe0f-454a-a461- f5d7a079de49/avexpressterms_31017.pdf?MOD=AJPERES CA Veh. Cod. Ch. 1, Div. 1, Title 13, Article 3.7 §228.24, 2017. https://www.dmv.ca.gov/portal/wcm/connect/caa2f466-fe0f-454a-a461- f5d7a079de49/avexpressterms_31017.pdf?MOD=AJPERES. Canis, B. and R. Latanzio. U.S. and EU motor vehicle standards: Issues for transatlantic trade negotiations. Congressional Research Services Report No. 7-5700, Feb. 18, 2014. https://www.hsdl.org/?view&did=751039. CO Senate SB 17-213: Automated Driving Motor Vehicles, Jun. 1, 2017. https://leg.colorado.gov/bills/sb17-213 Commercial Motor Vehicle Safety Act of 1986. Title XII, § 12001, 1986.

NCHRP Web-Only Document 253, Vol. 3: Legal Modification Prioritization and Harmonization Analysis 75 Davies, A. Americans Can’t Have Audi’s Super Capable Self-driving System. Wired, May 15, 2018. https://www.wired.com/story/audi-self-driving-traffic-jam-pilot-a8-2019-availablility/ Day, R. Virginia Automated 20xx Strategic Plan, Apr. 19, 2017. http://www.ctb.virginia.gov/resources/2017/apr/virgina_av_stratplan_ctbfullbriefing_roniqueday.pdf Douma, F., A. Lari, and K. Andersen. The legal obligations, obstacles, and opportunities for automated and connected vehicles to improve mobility and access for people unable to drive. Mich. St. L. Rev., 75, 2017, pp. 75-96. Duncan, M., N. Charness, T. Chapin, M. Horner, L. Stevens, A. Richard, D. Souders, J. Crute, A. Riemondy, and D. Morgan. Enhanced mobility for aging populations using automated vehicles. Tallahassee, FL, Florida Department of Transportation, 2015. http://www.fdot.gov/research/Completed_Proj/Summary_PL/FDOT-BDV30-977-11-rpt.pdf FL CS/HB 7061 PCB TPS 16-02, Transportation: House of Representatives Staff Analysis, 2016. https://www.flsenate.gov/Session/Bill/2016/7061/Analyses/h7061a.TEDAS.PDF FL General Bill, CS/CS/HB 7061: Transportation, Chapter No. 2016-239, Jul. 1, 2016. https://www.flsenate.gov/Session/Bill/2016/7061/?Tab=BillHistory FMCSA. Commercial Drivers License Information System (CDLIS) Grant, Mar. 9, 2014. https://www.fmcsa.dot.gov/grants/cdl-information-system-grant/commercial-drivers-license- information-system-cdlis-grant. FMCSA. Commercial Drivers License: Drivers, Jun. 6, 2017. https://www.fmcsa.dot.gov/registration/commercial-drivers-license/drivers. Ford Motor Company. Looking further: Ford will have a fully autonomous vehicle in operation by 2021, 2017. https://corporate.ford.com/innovation/autonomous-2021.html. Glancy, D. J., R. W. Peterson, and K. F. Graham. NCHRP Legal Research Digest 69: A look at the legal environment for driverless vehicles. Washington, DC: Transportation Research Board, 2015. Global Automakers. Comments of the Association of Global Automakers, Inc. concerning the Department of Motor Vehicle's proposed regulations for the testing and deployment of autonomous vehicles, Apr. 24, 2017, Apr. 24. https://www.dmv.ca.gov/portal/wcm/connect/734f1d33-45fc-4763- b789-8a375b883392/GlobalAutomakers.pdf?MOD=AJPERES Hemmersbaugh, P. A. [Letter of Interpretation to Chris Urmson]. NHTSA Interpretation Files Search, Feb. 4, 2016. https://isearch.nhtsa.gov/files/Google%20-- %20compiled%20response%20to%2012%20Nov%20%2015%20interp%20request%20-- %204%20Feb%2016%20final.htm Hendrick, H. and B. Kleiner. Macroergonomics: An introduction to work system design. Human Factors and Ergonomics Society, Santa Monica, CA, 2001. Hendrickson, C., A. Biehler, and Y. Mashayekh. Connected and autonomous vehicles 2040 vision (Report No. FHWA-PA-2014-004-CMU WO 1). Harrisburg, PA: The Pennsylvania Department of Transportation, Jul. 10, 2014.

NCHRP Web-Only Document 253, Vol. 3: Legal Modification Prioritization and Harmonization Analysis 76 Holmes, O. W. The common law. New York: Cosimo Classics. (Original work published 1881), 2009. https://books.google.com/books?id=IF4FcU0zCIMC&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary _r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false Johnson, A. Environmental regulation and technological development in the U.S. auto industry: The causes and consequences for sustained economic development, May 26, 2016. http://equitablegrowth.org/report/environmental-regulation-technological-development-u-s-auto- industry/. Kimley Horn. NC readiness for connected and automated vehicles (CAV): Final report. NCDOT Roadmap Development Project, 2016. http://www.ncav.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/03/NC- Roadmap-for-CAV_Final_ALL.pdf Latta, R. Opening Statement of the Honorable Robert E. Latta Subcommittee on Digital Commerce and Consumer Protection “Self-Driving Vehicle Legislation,” Jun. 27, 2017. http://docs.house.gov/meetings/IF/IF17/20170627/106182/HHRG-115-IF17-MState-L000566- 20170627.pdf Loftus-Otway, L., and S. Gallun. Connected and automated driving systems legal landscape, updated 2018, manuscript submitted for publication. MI Comp Laws § 257.2b (2016). http://www.legislature.mi.gov/documents/mcl/pdf/mcl-act-300-of- 1949.pdf Moran, M. State vs. local control at the center of legislative debates for ride-hailing providers, May 16, 2017. https://tti.tamu.edu/policy/state-vs-local-control-at-the-center-of-legislative-debates-for-ride- hailing-providers/. Motor Vehicles: Defines autonomous technology for purposes of the Highway Regulatory Act. H.B. 1143, LA State Legislature, Aug. 1, 2016. http://www.legis.la.gov/Legis/BillInfo.aspx?i=230592 Mulford-Carrel Air Resources Act, CA Stat. Ch 1545. HSC 39000-39570, 1967. Myers, K. Highly automated vehicles (HAV): The Pennsylvania perspective. Presented at the AAMVA 2017 Region 1 Conference, Jul. 10, 2017. http://www.aamva.org/uploadedFiles/MainSite/Content/EventsEducation/Event_Materials/2017/2017 _Region_I_Conference/Autonomous%20Vehicles_Myers_3.pdf National Association of City Transportation Officials. NACTO policy statement on automated vehicles, 2016. https://nacto.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/NACTO-Policy-Automated-Vehicles-201606.pdf National Center for Interstate Compacts. Driver License Compact, n.d.a. http://apps.csg.org/ncic/Compact.aspx?id=56 National Center for Interstate Compacts. Nonresident Violator Compact, n.d.b. http://apps.csg.org/ncic/Compact.aspx?id=142 National League of Cities. City rights in an era of preemption: A state-by-state analysis, 2017. http://nlc.org/sites/default/files/2017-03/NLC-SML%20Preemption%20Report%202017-pages.pdf

NCHRP Web-Only Document 253, Vol. 3: Legal Modification Prioritization and Harmonization Analysis 77 NHTSA. Automated driving systems 2.0: A vision for safety. Washington, DC: US Department of Transportation, 2017. https://www.transportation.gov/AV NHTSA. Federal Automated Vehicle Policy: Accelerating the next revolution in roadway safety. Washington, DC: US Department of Transportation, 2016. https://www.nhtsa.gov/sites/nhtsa.dot.gov/files/federal_automated_vehicles_policy.pdf North American Council for Freight Efficiency. Trucking efficiency confidence report: Two-truck platooning, 2016. http://truckingefficiency.org/operational-practices/two-truck-platooning. NV Rev. Stat. § 482A.025, 2013. https://www.leg.state.nv.us/NRS/NRS-482A.html. Pelkmans, J. The new approach to technical harmonization and standardization. Journal of Common Market Studies, XXV(3), 249-269, 1987. https://courses.washington.edu/eulaw09/supplemental_readings/Pelkmans_New_Approach_Harmoni zation.pdf Posten, R., and C.W. Barrett. U.S. Department of Transportation privacy impact assessment: National Highway Traffic Safety Administration notice of proposed rulemaking (NPRM) on V2V communications. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Transportation, 2016. https://www.transportation.gov/sites/dot.gov/files/docs/Privacy%20-%20NHTSA%20- %20V2V%20NPRM%20-%20PIA%20-%20Approved%20-%20122016.pdf Rogers, B. The social costs of Uber. University of Chicago Law Review Dialogue, 82, 85-102, 2016. http://heinonline.org/HOL/Page?handle=hein.journals/uchidial82&div=7&g_sent=1&casa_token=&c ollection=journals#. SAE International. Dedicated Short Range Communications (DSRC) Message Set Dictionary™ (Standard No. J2735-201603), 2016. http://standards.sae.org/j2735_201603/ SAE International. On-Road Automated Vehicle Standards Committee. Standard J3016: Taxonomy and Definitions for Terms Related to Driving Automation Systems for On-Road Motor Vehicles, 2018. https://www.sae.org/standards/content/j3016_201806/on Jun. 15, 2018. Safely Ensuring Lives Future Deployment and Research in Vehicle Evolution (SELF DRIVE) of 2017, H.R. 3388, 115 Cong., 2017. https://energycommerce.house.gov/selfdrive/ Serian, B., T. E. Trimble, B. Mallory, and G. Kent. Connected and automated driving systems issue identification and stakeholder outreach, 2017, Manuscript submitted for publication. Strickland, D. L. Testimony before the House Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure Subcommittee on Highways and Transit: How Autonomous Vehicles Will Shape the Future of Surface Transportation, Nov. 19, 2013. https://transportation.house.gov/uploadedfiles/2013-11-19- strickland.pdf. Townsend, T. Lyft cofounder: Most of our rides will be self-driving within 5 Years. Inc.com, Sep. 20, 2016. https://www.inc.com/tess-townsend/lyft-self-driving-fleet-five-years.html

NCHRP Web-Only Document 253, Vol. 3: Legal Modification Prioritization and Harmonization Analysis 78 U.S. Const. amend. X. U.S. Department of Homeland Security. REAL ID frequently asked questions for the public, 2017. https://www.dhs.gov/real-id-public-faqs Utah Department of Transportation. Best practices for regulation of autonomous vehicles on Utah highways: Report to the Utah Legislature, 2016. https://le.utah.gov/interim/2016/pdf/00004127.pdf Wagner, W. L. Loftus-Otway, S. Gallun, S. Morrissey, G. Havinoviski, and B. Serian, State legal and regulatory audit: Identification of laws and regulations potentially requiring modification, 2018, Manuscript submitted for publication. WI Executive Order 245, May 18, 2017. https://docs.legis.wisconsin.gov/code/executive_orders/2011_scott_walker/2017-245.pdf

NCHRP Web-Only Document 253, Vol. 3: Legal Modification Prioritization and Harmonization Analysis 79 U.S. Const. amend. X. U.S. Department of Homeland Security. REAL ID frequently asked questions for the public, 2017. https://www.dhs.gov/real-id-public-faqs Utah Department of Transportation. Best practices for regulation of autonomous vehicles on Utah highways: Report to the Utah Legislature, 2016. https://le.utah.gov/interim/2016/pdf/00004127.pdf Wagner, W. L. Loftus-Otway, S. Gallun, S. Morrissey, G. Havinoviski, and B. Serian, State legal and regulatory audit: Identification of laws and regulations potentially requiring modification, 2018, Manuscript submitted for publication. WI Executive Order 245, May 18, 2017. https://docs.legis.wisconsin.gov/code/executive_orders/2011_scott_walker/2017-245.pdf