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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2018. Quantifying the Effects of Preservation Treatments on Pavement Performance. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/25298.
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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2018. Quantifying the Effects of Preservation Treatments on Pavement Performance. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/25298.
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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2018. Quantifying the Effects of Preservation Treatments on Pavement Performance. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/25298.
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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2018. Quantifying the Effects of Preservation Treatments on Pavement Performance. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/25298.
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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2018. Quantifying the Effects of Preservation Treatments on Pavement Performance. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/25298.
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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2018. Quantifying the Effects of Preservation Treatments on Pavement Performance. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/25298.
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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2018. Quantifying the Effects of Preservation Treatments on Pavement Performance. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/25298.
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Below is the uncorrected machine-read text of this chapter, intended to provide our own search engines and external engines with highly rich, chapter-representative searchable text of each book. Because it is UNCORRECTED material, please consider the following text as a useful but insufficient proxy for the authoritative book pages.

2018 N A T I O N A L C O O P E R A T I V E H I G H W A Y R E S E A R C H P R O G R A M NCHRP RESEARCH REPORT 858 Quantifying the Effects of Preservation Treatments on Pavement Performance Gonzalo R. Rada James M. Bryce Beth A. Visintine Amec Foster Wheeler environment And inFrAstructure, inc. Beltsville, MD R. Gary Hicks DingXin Cheng r. GAry hicks, llc Chico, CA Subscriber Categories Maintenance and Preservation • Materials • Pavements Research sponsored by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials in cooperation with the Federal Highway Administration

NATIONAL COOPERATIVE HIGHWAY RESEARCH PROGRAM Systematic, well-designed research is the most effective way to solve many problems facing highway administrators and engineers. Often, highway problems are of local interest and can best be studied by highway departments individually or in cooperation with their state universities and others. However, the accelerating growth of highway transportation results in increasingly complex problems of wide inter- est to highway authorities. These problems are best studied through a coordinated program of cooperative research. Recognizing this need, the leadership of the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) in 1962 ini- tiated an objective national highway research program using modern scientific techniques—the National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP). NCHRP is supported on a continuing basis by funds from participating member states of AASHTO and receives the full cooperation and support of the Federal Highway Administration, United States Department of Transportation. The Transportation Research Board (TRB) of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine was requested by AASHTO to administer the research program because of TRB’s recognized objectivity and understanding of modern research practices. TRB is uniquely suited for this purpose for many reasons: TRB maintains an extensive com- mittee structure from which authorities on any highway transportation subject may be drawn; TRB possesses avenues of communications and cooperation with federal, state, and local governmental agencies, univer- sities, and industry; TRB’s relationship to the National Academies is an insurance of objectivity; and TRB maintains a full-time staff of special- ists in highway transportation matters to bring the findings of research directly to those in a position to use them. The program is developed on the basis of research needs identified by chief administrators and other staff of the highway and transportation departments, by committees of AASHTO, and by the Federal Highway Administration. Topics of the highest merit are selected by the AASHTO Special Committee on Research and Innovation (R&I), and each year R&I’s recommendations are proposed to the AASHTO Board of Direc- tors and the National Academies. Research projects to address these topics are defined by NCHRP, and qualified research agencies are selected from submitted proposals. Administration and surveillance of research contracts are the responsibilities of the National Academies and TRB. The needs for highway research are many, and NCHRP can make significant contributions to solving highway transportation problems of mutual concern to many responsible groups. The program, however, is intended to complement, rather than to substitute for or duplicate, other highway research programs. Published research reports of the NATIONAL COOPERATIVE HIGHWAY RESEARCH PROGRAM are available from Transportation Research Board Business Office 500 Fifth Street, NW Washington, DC 20001 and can be ordered through the Internet by going to http://www.national-academies.org and then searching for TRB Printed in the United States of America NCHRP RESEARCH REPORT 858 Project 14-33 ISSN 2572-3766 (Print) ISSN 2572-3774 (Online) ISBN 978-0-309-47986-8 Library of Congress Control Number 2018957504 © 2018 National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. COPYRIGHT INFORMATION Authors herein are responsible for the authenticity of their materials and for obtaining written permissions from publishers or persons who own the copyright to any previously published or copyrighted material used herein. Cooperative Research Programs (CRP) grants permission to reproduce material in this publication for classroom and not-for-profit purposes. Permission is given with the understanding that none of the material will be used to imply TRB, AASHTO, FAA, FHWA, FMCSA, FRA, FTA, Office of the Assistant Secretary for Research and Technology, PHMSA, or TDC endorsement of a particular product, method, or practice. It is expected that those reproducing the material in this document for educational and not-for-profit uses will give appropriate acknowledgment of the source of any reprinted or reproduced material. For other uses of the material, request permission from CRP. NOTICE The research report was reviewed by the technical panel and accepted for publication according to procedures established and overseen by the Transportation Research Board and approved by the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. The opinions and conclusions expressed or implied in this report are those of the researchers who performed the research and are not necessarily those of the Transportation Research Board; the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine; or the program sponsors. The Transportation Research Board; the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine; and the sponsors of the National Cooperative Highway Research Program do not endorse products or manufacturers. Trade or manufacturers’ names appear herein solely because they are considered essential to the object of the report.

The National Academy of Sciences was established in 1863 by an Act of Congress, signed by President Lincoln, as a private, non- governmental institution to advise the nation on issues related to science and technology. Members are elected by their peers for outstanding contributions to research. Dr. Marcia McNutt is president. The National Academy of Engineering was established in 1964 under the charter of the National Academy of Sciences to bring the practices of engineering to advising the nation. Members are elected by their peers for extraordinary contributions to engineering. Dr. C. D. Mote, Jr., is president. The National Academy of Medicine (formerly the Institute of Medicine) was established in 1970 under the charter of the National Academy of Sciences to advise the nation on medical and health issues. Members are elected by their peers for distinguished contributions to medicine and health. Dr. Victor J. Dzau is president. The three Academies work together as the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine to provide independent, objective analysis and advice to the nation and conduct other activities to solve complex problems and inform public policy decisions. The National Academies also encourage education and research, recognize outstanding contributions to knowledge, and increase public understanding in matters of science, engineering, and medicine. Learn more about the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine at www.national-academies.org. The Transportation Research Board is one of seven major programs of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. The mission of the Transportation Research Board is to increase the benefits that transportation contributes to society by providing leadership in transportation innovation and progress through research and information exchange, conducted within a setting that is objective, interdisciplinary, and multimodal. The Board’s varied committees, task forces, and panels annually engage about 7,000 engineers, scientists, and other transportation researchers and practitioners from the public and private sectors and academia, all of whom contribute their expertise in the public interest. The program is supported by state transportation departments, federal agencies including the component administrations of the U.S. Department of Transportation, and other organizations and individuals interested in the development of transportation. Learn more about the Transportation Research Board at www.TRB.org.

C O O P E R A T I V E R E S E A R C H P R O G R A M S AUTHOR ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The research reported herein was performed under NCHRP Project 14-33 by Amec Foster Wheeler Environment and Infrastructure, Inc. (Amec Foster Wheeler) and R. Gary Hicks, LLC. Dr. Gonzalo R. Rada, senior principal at Amec Foster Wheeler, was the principal investigator. The other authors of this report are Dr. James M. Bryce, senior consultant, and Dr. Beth A. Visintine, senior engineer at Amec Foster Wheeler, and Dr. R. Gary Hicks and Dr. DingXin Cheng of R. Gary Hicks LLC. The work was done under the general supervision of Dr. Rada. CRP STAFF FOR NCHRP RESEARCH REPORT 858 Christopher J. Hedges, Director, Cooperative Research Programs Lori L. Sundstrom, Deputy Director, Cooperative Research Programs Amir N. Hanna, Senior Program Officer Eileen P. Delaney, Director of Publications Natalie Barnes, Associate Director of Publications Margaret B. Hagood, Senior Editor NCHRP PROJECT 14-33 PANEL Field of Maintenance—Area of Maintenance of Way and Structures David R. Luhr, Washington State DOT, Olympia, WA (Chair) William K. Farnbach, California DOT, Sacramento, CA Geoffrey Hall, Maryland State Highway Administration, Hanover, MD Kent R. Hansen, National Asphalt Pavement Association (formerly), Gambrills, MD Thomas J. Kazmierowski, Golder Associates Ltd., Mississauga, ON Leslie A. McCarthy, Villanova University, Villanova, PA Gerald F. Voigt, American Concrete Pavement Association, Rosemont, IL Robert A. Younie, Iowa DOT, Ames, IA Thomas Van, FHWA Liaison James W. Bryant, Jr., TRB Liaison

This research report presents a framework for quantifying the effects of preservation treatments on pavement performance together with a guide document to facilitate imple- mentation of the framework. The proposed framework uses performance measures that quantify the changes in pavement performance in terms of condition (e.g., cracking and rutting of asphalt pavements and cracking and faulting of concrete pavements), service life, and life-cycle costs. Applicability of these measures was demonstrated using in-service pavement performance data. Also, alternate performance measures have been identified (e.g., friction and composite pavement condition indices); the guide describes a process for assessing their appropriateness for use in quantifying the effects of preservation treatments on pavement performance. In addition, incorporating these measures in asset management systems would provide a means for selecting the appropriate preservation treatments and optimizing the allocation of resources. The information contained in the research report will be of immediate interest to state pavement design and maintenance engineers and others involved in the different aspects of pavements. Pavement preservation provides a means for maintaining and improving the functional condition of an existing highway system and slowing deterioration. Although pavement pres- ervation is not expected to substantially increase structural capacity, it can lead to improved pavement performance, longer service life, and reduced life-cycle costs. However, currently used measures for quantifying pavement performance do not appropriately account for the potential performance enhancement, life extension, and cost savings resulting from applying preservation treatments at the right time. For example, pavement smoothness (or roughness) that is measured by the International Roughness Index (IRI) and widely used by highway agencies may not be a good measure of the effect of many preservation treatments. Therefore, there is a need to identify or develop pavement performance mea- sures that quantify the effects of preservation on pavement performance, service life, and life-cycle costs appropriately. Also, there is a need to prepare a guide document to facilitate the implementation of these measures by highway agencies. In this manner, the effects of preservation on performance and service life are appropriately considered and its role in maintaining the level of service of the highway system can be better assessed. Under NCHRP Project 14-33, “Pavement Performance Measures that Consider the Contributions of Preservation Treatments,” Amec Foster Wheeler Environment & Infra- structure, Inc. worked with the objectives of (1) identifying and/or developing pavement performance measures that consider the contributions of preservation to performance, service life, and life-cycle costs and (2) preparing a guide document to facilitate implemen- tation of these measures by highway agencies. To accomplish these objectives, the researchers F O R E W O R D By Amir N. Hanna Staff Officer Transportation Research Board

reviewed relevant literature, surveyed highway agencies, and identified potential perfor- mance measures for quantifying the effects of preservation on pavement performance and service life. The researchers then evaluated these measures and their applicability using in-service pavement data and selected measures for asphalt and concrete pavements. Finally, the researchers prepared a guide document (included as an attachment to the research report) to facilitate use of these measures for quantifying the effects of preservation treatments on pavement performance, service life, and life-cycle costs. The guide document identified the selected performance measures together with a process for selecting alternate measures, data requirements for using the identified or alternate measures, and a step-by-step procedure for establishing the effects of preservation treatments on pavement performance.

Note: Photographs, figures, and tables in this report may have been converted from color to grayscale for printing. The electronic version of the report (posted on the web at www.trb.org) retains the color versions. 1 Chapter 1 Introduction 1 Background 3 Project Objectives and Scope 4 Report Organization 5 Chapter 2 Review of Existing Practices and Recommended Measures 5 Literature Review 9 Survey Questionnaire Findings 11 Candidate Performance Measures 15 Recommended Performance Measures 18 Chapter 3 Testing and Validation of Recommended Measures 18 Framework Development 20 Framework Evaluation 22 Gathering Highway Agency Data 24 Testing and Validation of Performance Measures 32 Summary of Findings 34 Chapter 4 Guide Development 34 Overview 35 Implementation Process 38 Chapter 5 Summary, Conclusions and Recommendations for Future Research 38 Performance Measures Implementation 39 Recommendations for Future Research 40 References A-1 Attachment Guide for Pavement Preservation Performance Measures C O N T E N T S

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TRB's National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Research Report 858: Quantifying the Effects of Preservation Treatments on Pavement Performance presents a proposed framework that uses performance measures to quantify the changes in pavement performance in terms of condition, service life, and life-cycle costs. Pavement preservation provides a means for maintaining and improving the functional condition of an existing highway system and slowing deterioration. Additionally, the guide identifies alternate performance measures and describes a process for assessing their appropriateness for use in quantifying the effects of preservation treatments on pavement performance. Incorporating these measures in asset management systems would provide a means for selecting the appropriate preservation treatments and optimizing the allocation of resources.

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