Tools to Facilitate Implementation of Effective Metropolitan Freight Transportation Strategies (2018)

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2018 N A T I O N A L C O O P E R A T I V E H I G H W A Y R E S E A R C H P R O G R A M NCHRP RESEARCH REPORT 897 Tools to Facilitate Implementation of Effective Metropolitan Freight Transportation Strategies Bill Eisele Mario Monsreal Shuang Guo Texas a&M TransporTaTion insTiTuTe The Texas a&M universiTy sysTeM College Station, TX Seckin Ozkul Behzad Karimi Varzardoliya Kristine Williams CenTer for urban TransporTaTion researCh universiTy of souTh florida Tampa, FL Fatemeh Ranaiefar Michael Kao fehr and peers Los Angeles, CA Susan Atherton freighT insighTs, llC Fayetteville, AR Subscriber Categories Freight Transportation • Operations and Traffic • Planning and Forecasting Research sponsored by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials in cooperation with the Federal Highway Administration

NATIONAL COOPERATIVE HIGHWAY RESEARCH PROGRAM Systematic, well-designed research is the most effective way to solve many problems facing highway administrators and engineers. Often, highway problems are of local interest and can best be studied by highway departments individually or in cooperation with their state universities and others. However, the accelerating growth of highway transportation results in increasingly complex problems of wide inter- est to highway authorities. These problems are best studied through a coordinated program of cooperative research. Recognizing this need, the leadership of the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) in 1962 ini- tiated an objective national highway research program using modern scientific techniques—the National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP). NCHRP is supported on a continuing basis by funds from participating member states of AASHTO and receives the full cooperation and support of the Federal Highway Administration, United States Department of Transportation. The Transportation Research Board (TRB) of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine was requested by AASHTO to administer the research program because of TRB’s recognized objectivity and understanding of modern research practices. TRB is uniquely suited for this purpose for many reasons: TRB maintains an extensive com- mittee structure from which authorities on any highway transportation subject may be drawn; TRB possesses avenues of communications and cooperation with federal, state, and local governmental agencies, univer- sities, and industry; TRB’s relationship to the National Academies is an insurance of objectivity; and TRB maintains a full-time staff of special- ists in highway transportation matters to bring the findings of research directly to those in a position to use them. The program is developed on the basis of research needs identified by chief administrators and other staff of the highway and transportation departments, by committees of AASHTO, and by the Federal Highway Administration. Topics of the highest merit are selected by the AASHTO Special Committee on Research and Innovation (R&I), and each year R&I’s recommendations are proposed to the AASHTO Board of Direc- tors and the National Academies. Research projects to address these topics are defined by NCHRP, and qualified research agencies are selected from submitted proposals. Administration and surveillance of research contracts are the responsibilities of the National Academies and TRB. The needs for highway research are many, and NCHRP can make significant contributions to solving highway transportation problems of mutual concern to many responsible groups. The program, however, is intended to complement, rather than to substitute for or duplicate, other highway research programs. Published research reports of the NATIONAL COOPERATIVE HIGHWAY RESEARCH PROGRAM are available from Transportation Research Board Business Office 500 Fifth Street, NW Washington, DC 20001 and can be ordered through the Internet by going to http://www.national-academies.org and then searching for TRB Printed in the United States of America NCHRP RESEARCH REPORT 897 Project 08-106 ISSN 2572-3766 (Print) ISSN 2572-3774 (Online) ISBN 978-0-309-48002-4 Library of Congress Control Number 2018963959 © 2018 National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. COPYRIGHT INFORMATION Authors herein are responsible for the authenticity of their materials and for obtaining written permissions from publishers or persons who own the copyright to any previously published or copyrighted material used herein. Cooperative Research Programs (CRP) grants permission to reproduce material in this publication for classroom and not-for-profit purposes. Permission is given with the understanding that none of the material will be used to imply TRB, AASHTO, FAA, FHWA, FMCSA, FRA, FTA, Office of the Assistant Secretary for Research and Technology, PHMSA, or TDC endorsement of a particular product, method, or practice. It is expected that those reproducing the material in this document for educational and not-for-profit uses will give appropriate acknowledgment of the source of any reprinted or reproduced material. For other uses of the material, request permission from CRP. NOTICE The research report was reviewed by the technical panel and accepted for publication according to procedures established and overseen by the Transportation Research Board and approved by the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. The opinions and conclusions expressed or implied in this report are those of the researchers who performed the research and are not necessarily those of the Transportation Research Board; the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine; or the program sponsors. The Transportation Research Board; the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine; and the sponsors of the National Cooperative Highway Research Program do not endorse products or manufacturers. Trade or manufacturers’ names appear herein solely because they are considered essential to the object of the report.

The National Academy of Sciences was established in 1863 by an Act of Congress, signed by President Lincoln, as a private, non- governmental institution to advise the nation on issues related to science and technology. Members are elected by their peers for outstanding contributions to research. Dr. Marcia McNutt is president. The National Academy of Engineering was established in 1964 under the charter of the National Academy of Sciences to bring the practices of engineering to advising the nation. Members are elected by their peers for extraordinary contributions to engineering. Dr. C. D. Mote, Jr., is president. The National Academy of Medicine (formerly the Institute of Medicine) was established in 1970 under the charter of the National Academy of Sciences to advise the nation on medical and health issues. Members are elected by their peers for distinguished contributions to medicine and health. Dr. Victor J. Dzau is president. The three Academies work together as the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine to provide independent, objective analysis and advice to the nation and conduct other activities to solve complex problems and inform public policy decisions. The National Academies also encourage education and research, recognize outstanding contributions to knowledge, and increase public understanding in matters of science, engineering, and medicine. Learn more about the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine at www.national-academies.org. The Transportation Research Board is one of seven major programs of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. The mission of the Transportation Research Board is to increase the benefits that transportation contributes to society by providing leadership in transportation innovation and progress through research and information exchange, conducted within a setting that is objective, interdisciplinary, and multimodal. The Board’s varied committees, task forces, and panels annually engage about 7,000 engineers, scientists, and other transportation researchers and practitioners from the public and private sectors and academia, all of whom contribute their expertise in the public interest. The program is supported by state transportation departments, federal agencies including the component administrations of the U.S. Department of Transportation, and other organizations and individuals interested in the development of transportation. Learn more about the Transportation Research Board at www.TRB.org.

C O O P E R A T I V E R E S E A R C H P R O G R A M S CRP STAFF FOR NCHRP RESEARCH REPORT 897 Christopher J. Hedges, Director, Cooperative Research Programs Lori L. Sundstrom, Deputy Director, Cooperative Research Programs William C. Rogers, Senior Program Officer Eileen P. Delaney, Director of Publications Natalie Barnes, Associate Director of Publications Ellen M. Chafee, Senior Editor NCHRP PROJECT 08-106 PANEL Field of Transportation Planning—Area of Forecasting William D. Gardner, Minnesota DOT, St. Paul, MN (Chair) Elisa Arias, San Diego Association of Governments (SANDAG), San Diego, CA Mihalis Golias, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN Barbara A. Ivanov, University of Washington, Seattle, WA Steve J. Merrill, Nevada DOT, Carson City, NV Stephanie A. Molden, The Port Authority of New York and New Jersey, New York, NY Ema C. Yamamoto, New Haven, CT Carl L. “Chip” Millard, FHWA Liaison Scott Babcock, TRB Liaison

NCHRP Research Report 897 provides transportation practitioners and decision makers with a sketch-planning tool to facilitate implementation of effective metropolitan freight transportation strategies. The report outlines 30 strategies that are tailored to the specific circumstances that are found in local areas. The report also identifies and describes 16 factors found to impact implementation. When addressing complex metropolitan transportation issues (e.g., safety, capacity, and economic development), freight professionals from state departments of transportation, regional authorities, and local governments not only deal with scarce resources. They often have to work with a very diverse community of stakeholders to identify and obtain support for workable and innovative freight strategies. Although information on innovations and best practices in metropolitan areas is now widely available, research has not addressed the question of why some practices succeed and others do not. In NCHRP Project 08-106, the Texas A&M Transportation Institute was asked to develop guidance for transportation practitioners that identifies and evaluates by stakeholder com- munity (1) critical factors impacting the implementation of effective approaches to metro- politan freight transportation; (2) barriers to the implementation of effective approaches; and (3) strategies, processes, and relationships that could accelerate the adoption of effective practices and technologies in metropolitan freight transportation. Among the results of the research are (1) a state-of-the-practice review of the current challenges and possible solutions; (2) a strategy resource matrix (SRM) containing detailed information on key characteristics for implementation of the metropolitan freight strate- gies; (3) an Urban Freight Implementation Tool (UFIT), powered by the SRM, that allows for practitioner assessment of a specific, user-defined problem with output of identified strategies for consideration; (4) default weights for the implementation facilitators and barriers built into UFIT, with a user option to adjust the weights; (5) comprehensive cita- tion notes, available through UFIT, providing practitioners with details of the identified strategies; (6) fact sheets of 30 strategies, including implementation notes and suggestions for implementation, along with details and examples of the strategies; and (7) pilot study investigations that tested UFIT performance in real situations. UFIT, a PowerPoint presentation on NCHRP Project 08-106, and Appendices A through C of the contractor’s final report for NCHRP Project 08-106 can be found on the TRB website by searching on “NCHRP Research Report 897”. F O R E W O R D By William C. Rogers Staff Officer Transportation Research Board

Note: Photographs, figures, and tables in this report may have been converted from color to grayscale for printing. The electronic version of the report (posted on the web at www.trb.org) retains the color versions. 1 Summary 4 Chapter 1 Introduction 4 Problem Statement 4 Research Objective 5 Research Approach 5 Report Organization 6 Chapter 2 State of the Practice in Metropolitan Freight Transportation Strategies—Approach and Findings 6 Literature Review Approach 7 Survey Development and Administration Approach and Results 14 Metropolitan Freight Transportation Strategies—Current State of Practice 26 Facilitators of and Barriers to Successful Implementation 29 Chapter 3 Strategy Resource Matrix and Urban Freight Implementation Tool Development 29 SRM 35 UFIT 36 Planning Context for UFIT 38 Chapter 4 Urban Freight Implementation Tool User Operation and Fact Sheet Practitioner Guidance 38 UFIT and the SRM 38 UFIT User’s Guide 56 Fact Sheets and Contents 88 Chapter 5 Pilot Studies 88 Introduction 88 Pilot Study of Dallas, Texas 91 Pilot Study of St. Louis, Missouri 93 Pilot Study of Tampa, Florida 95 Conclusions from the Pilot Studies 97 Chapter 6 Conclusions and Suggestions for Future Research 97 Conclusions 98 Suggestions for Future Research 99 Bibliography 106 Abbreviations, Acronyms, and Initialisms 107 Appendices A Through C C O N T E N T S