2017-2018
ASSESSMENT OF THE ARMY RESEARCH LABORATORY
Army Research Laboratory Technical Assessment Board
Laboratory Assessments Board
Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences
A Consensus Study Report of
THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS
Washington, DC
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This activity was supported by Contract No. W911QX-14-C-0039 from the Army Research Laboratory. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect the views of any organization or agency that provided support for the project.
International Standard Book Number-13: 978-0-309-49154-9
International Standard Book Number-10: 0-309-49154-1
Digital Object Identifier: https://doi.org/10.17226/25419
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Suggested citation: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2019. 2017-2018 Assessment of the Army Research Laboratory. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. https://doi.org/10.17226/25419.
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ARMY RESEARCH LABORATORY TECHNICAL ASSESSMENT BOARD
JENNIE S. HWANG, NAE,1 H-Technologies Group, Chair
FREDERICK R. CHANG, NAE, Southern Methodist University
MARK EBERHART, Colorado School of Mines
GEORGE (RUSTY) T. GRAY III, NAE, Los Alamos National Laboratory
PRABHAT HAJELA, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute
WESLEY L. HARRIS, NAE, Massachusetts Institute of Technology
WILLIAM S. MARRAS, NAE, Ohio State University
ALAN NEEDLEMAN, NAE, Texas A&M University
DANIEL A. REED, University of Utah
Staff
AZEB GETACHEW, Senior Program Assistant
EVA LABRE, Administrative Coordinator
JAMES P. MCGEE, Director
ARUL MOZHI, Senior Program Officer
PANEL ON ASSESSMENT AND ANALYSIS AT THE ARMY RESEARCH LABORATORY
ALAN NEEDLEMAN, NAE, Texas A&M University, Chair
JULIE A. ADAMS, Oregon State University
JAMES P. BAGIAN, NAE/NAM,2 University of Michigan
CAMERON R. (DALE) BASS, Duke University
JOHN M. CAVANAUGH, Wayne State University
ELLIOT L. CHAIKOF, NAM, Harvard Medical School
J. GARY EDEN, NAE, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign
LESTER A. FOSTER III, Electronic Warfare Associates
TERRY P. LEWIS, Booz Allen Hamilton
STEVEN B. LIPNER, NAE, SAFECode
ERIC T. MATSON, Purdue University
STEPHEN C. MERRIMAN, S.C. Merriman Consulting, LLC; Boeing Associate Technical Fellow (retired)
KYRAN D. MISH, Sandia National Laboratories
JAMES F. O’BRYON, Department of Defense (retired); The O’Bryon Group
FREDERICK P. RIVARA, NAM, University of Washington School of Medicine
ALBERT A. SCIARRETTA, CNS Technologies, Inc.
FRANK J. SERNA, Charles Stark Draper Laboratory
JILL H. SMITH, U.S. Army Communications-Electronics RDE Center (retired); Executive Consultant
SALVATORE J. STOLFO, Columbia University
JAMES J. STREILEIN, MITRE
DANIEL S. WALLACH, Rice University
___________________
1 Member, National Academy of Engineering.
2 Member, National Academy of Medicine.
PANEL ON BALLISTICS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING AT THE ARMY RESEARCH LABORATORY
GEORGE (RUSTY) T. GRAY III, NAE, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Chair
CHARLES E. ANDERSON, JR., CEA Consulting
ELLEN M. ARRUDA, NAE, University of Michigan
MELVIN R. BAER, Sandia National Laboratories (retired)
ROMESH C. BATRA, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University
JAMES A. COOPER, JR., Musculoskeletal and Translational Tissue Engineering Research (MATTER)
MARCIA A. COOPER, Sandia National Laboratories
ROGER GHANEM, University of Southern California
ZELDA GILLS, Lockheed Martin Aeronautics Company
MICHAEL JAFFE, New Jersey Institute of Technology
JERRY A. KRILL, Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory
ALLAN T. MENSE, Raytheon Missile Systems
RICHARD B. MILES, NAE, Texas A&M University
MICHELLE L. PANTOYA, Texas Tech University
C. KUMAR N. PATEL, NAS3/NAE, Pranalytica, Inc.
DONALD PROSNITZ, Consultant
FRANK J. SERNA, Charles Stark Draper Laboratory
LESLIE E. SMITH, National Institute of Standards and Technology (retired)
STEVEN F. SON, Purdue University
GHATU SUBHASH, University of Florida
STEPHEN D. TSE, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey
PANEL ON COMPUTATIONAL SCIENCES AT THE ARMY RESEARCH LABORATORY
DANIEL A. REED, University of Utah, Chair
TILAK AGERWALA, IBM (retired); TKMA Consulting, LLC
RALPH C. ALDREDGE III, University of California, Davis
WILLIAM D. GROPP, NAE, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign
JAMES T. KAJIYA, NAE, Microsoft Corporation (retired); Tolt Machine Works, Inc.
GEORGE KARYPIS, University of Minnesota
PETER M. KOGGE, University of Notre Dame
VIPIN KUMAR, University of Minnesota
JAMES L. MCCLELLAND, NAS, Stanford University
KYRAN D. MISH, Sandia National Laboratories
LINDA A. NESS, Independent Consultant
KALYAN PERUMALLA, Oak Ridge National Laboratory
PADMA RAGHAVAN, Vanderbilt University
GUY LEWIS STEELE, JR., NAE, Oracle Labs
___________________
3 Member, National Academy of Sciences.
PANEL ON HUMAN FACTORS SCIENCE AT THE ARMY RESEARCH LABORATORY
WILLIAM S. MARRAS, NAE, Ohio State University, Chair
FREDERICK R. CHANG, NAE, Southern Methodist University
LORRIE FAITH CRANOR, Carnegie Mellon University
CHARLES A. CZEISLER, NAM, Harvard Medical School
BARBARA A. DOSHER, NAS, University of California, Irvine
JEANNE F. DUFFY, Harvard Medical School; Brigham and Women’s Hospital
DAVID J. HEEGER, NAS, New York University
WILLIAM W. LYTTON, SUNY Downstate Medical Center
KATHERINE L. MORSE, Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory
SHRIKANTH (SHRI) S. NARAYANAN, University of Southern California
STEPHEN F. SANDS, Sands Research, Inc.
ANITA WILLIAMS WOOLLEY, Carnegie Mellon University
PANEL ON INFORMATION SCIENCE AT THE ARMY RESEARCH LABORATORY
PRABHAT HAJELA, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Chair
JOHN M.M. ANDERSON, Howard University
JEAN M. ANDINO, Arizona State University
DAVID W. AUCSMITH, Aucsmith Consulting, LLC
ELLEN J. BASS, Drexel University
PETER A. BELING, University of Virginia
KATHLEEN M. CARLEY, Carnegie Mellon University
FREDERICK R. CHANG, NAE, Southern Methodist University
EDWARD F. CRAWLEY, NAE, Massachusetts Institute of Technology
MARK E. DAVIS, Medavis Consulting
SUSAN T. DUMAIS, NAE, Microsoft Research
JONATHAN GRUDIN, Microsoft Research
VERLIN B. HINSZ, North Dakota State University
JOHN M. LANICCI, Independent Atmospheric and Climate Science Consultant
GUY M. LOHMAN, IBM Research-Almaden Center
JOHN L. MANFERDELLI, Northeastern University
J. GREGORY MORRISETT, Cornell University
RANDOLPH L. MOSES, Ohio State University
RADIA PERLMAN, NAE, EMC Corporation
EMINA SOLJANIN, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey
ALAN R. WAGNER, Pennsylvania State University
PETER WILLETT, University of Connecticut
PANEL ON MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING AT THE ARMY RESEARCH LABORATORY
MARK E. EBERHART, Colorado School of Mines, Chair
RICHARD C. ALKIRE, NAE, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign
MICHAEL I. BASKES, NAE, Mississippi State University; University of California, San Diego; Los Alamos National Laboratory
PAUL V. BRAUN, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign
STEPHEN CREAGER, Clemson University
JUAN J. DE PABLO, NAE, University of Chicago
ELIZABETH C. DICKEY, North Carolina State University
MICHAEL ETTENBERG, NAE, Dolce Technologies
OLIVIA A. GRAEVE, University of California, San Diego
JOANNA R. GROZA, University of California, Davis
JAMES S. HARRIS, NAE, Stanford University
DOUGLAS C. HOPKINS, North Carolina State University
AGNES C. KLUCHA, UTC Aerospace Systems
THOMAS L. KOCH, NAE, University of Arizona
SUBHASH MAHAJAN, NAE, University of California, Davis
CHRISTIAN MAILHIOT, Sandia National Laboratories
LAKSHMI S. NAIR, University of Connecticut Health Center
JOSEPH W. ORENSTEIN, University of California, Berkeley
C. KUMAR N. PATEL, NAS/NAE, Pranalytica, Inc.
KARIN M. RABE, NAS, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey
RAJEEV J. RAM, Massachusetts Institute of Technology
SUSAN B. SINNOTT, Pennsylvania State University
EPHRAIM SUHIR, Portland State University
NARESH N. THADHANI, Georgia Institute of Technology
EDWIN L. (NED) THOMAS, NAE, Rice University
PANEL ON MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING AT THE ARMY RESEARCH LABORATORY
WESLEY L. HARRIS, NAE, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Chair
MONICA ANDERSON, University of Alabama
ROMESH C. BATRA, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University
EARL H. DOWELL, NAE, Duke University
PATRICK J. FLYNN, University of Notre Dame
DANIEL J. INMAN, University of Michigan
MOSHE KAM, New Jersey Institute of Technology
WILLIAM Q. MEEKER, JR., Iowa State University
DANIEL I. NEWMAN, Boeing Commercial Airplanes
LYNNE E. PARKER, University of Tennessee, Knoxville
ARMANDO A. RODRIGUEZ, Arizona State University
JAYANT S. SABNIS, Massachusetts Institute of Technology
WILLIAM A. SIRIGNANO, NAE, University of California, Irvine
ALEXANDER J. SMITS, NAE, Princeton University
ANNA G. STEFANOPOULOU, University of Michigan
CHARLES E. THORPE, Clarkson University
PATRICIO A. VELA, Georgia Institute of Technology
ALAN R. WAGNER, Pennsylvania State University
JOHN C. WALL, NAE, Cummins, Inc. (retired)
HOLLY YANCO, University of Massachusetts, Lowell
BEN T. ZINN, NAE, Georgia Institute of Technology
LABORATORY ASSESSMENTS BOARD
ROSS B. COROTIS, NAE, University of Colorado, Boulder, Chair
WESLEY L. HARRIS, NAE, Massachusetts Institute of Technology
JENNIE S. HWANG, NAE, Case Western Reserve University; H-Technologies Group
W. CARL LINEBERGER, NAS, JILA,1 University of Colorado, Boulder
C. KUMAR N. PATEL, NAS/NAE, University of California, Los Angeles; Pranalytica, Inc.
ELSA REICHMANIS, NAE, Georgia Institute of Technology
LYLE H. SCHWARTZ, NAE, University of South Florida, Tampa
Staff
AZEB GETACHEW, Senior Program Assistant
LIZA HAMILTON, Associate Program Officer (through March 17, 2019)
EVA LABRE, Administrative Coordinator
JAMES P. MCGEE, Director
ARUL MOZHI, Senior Program Officer
___________________
1 JILA, formerly known as the Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, is a physical science research institute located on the University of Colorado, Boulder, campus. JILA is jointly operated by the University of Colorado and the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST).
Acknowledgment of Reviewers
This Consensus Study Report was reviewed in draft form by individuals chosen for their diverse perspectives and technical expertise. The purpose of this independent review is to provide candid and critical comments that will assist the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine in making each published report as sound as possible and to ensure that it meets the institutional standards for quality, objectivity, evidence, and responsiveness to the study charge. The review comments and draft manuscript remain confidential to protect the integrity of the deliberative process.
We thank the following individuals for their review of this report:
Nicholas L. Abbott, NAE, Cornell University,
Amy E. Duwel, The Charles Stark Draper Laboratory, Inc.,
Daniel M. Hancock, NAE, General Motors Corporation (retired),
Guruswami Ravichandran, NAE, California Institute of Technology, and
Fred B. Schneider, NAE, Cornell University.
Although the reviewers listed above provided many constructive comments and suggestions, they were not asked to endorse the conclusions or recommendations of this report nor did they see the final draft before its release. The review of this report was overseen by Dwight C. Streit, NAE, University of California, Los Angeles. He was responsible for making certain that an independent examination of this report was carried out in accordance with the standards of the National Academies and that all review comments were carefully considered. Responsibility for the final content rests entirely with the authoring committee and the National Academies.
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Contents
The Biennial Assessment Process
Preparation and Organization of This Report
Approach Taken During Report Preparation
Energy-Efficient Electronics and Photonics
Materials for Soldier and Platform Power Systems
Adaptive and Responsive Materials
High-Rate Materials and Mechanisms
Conclusions and Recommendations
3 SCIENCES FOR LETHALITY AND PROTECTION
Effects on Target—Ballistics and Blast
Flight Guidance, Navigation, and Control
Conclusions and Recommendations
System Intelligence and Intelligent Systems
Cybersecurity: Detection and Agility
Conclusions and Recommendations
Advanced Computing Architectures
Conclusions and Recommendations
Conclusions and Recommendations
Conclusions and Recommendations
Ballistics Survivability, Vulnerability, and Lethality
Electronic Warfare Survivability, Lethality, and Vulnerability
Cyber Survivability, Lethality, and Vulnerability
Complex Adaptive Systems Analysis
Conclusions and Recommendations
9 CROSSCUTTING CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS AND EXCEPTIONAL ACCOMPLISHMENTS
Crosscutting Conclusions and Recommendations
A Army Research Laboratory Organization and Science and Technology Campaign Framework
B Army Research Laboratory Technical Assessment Board Members and Staff Biographical Information